What period of time were the ancient cylinder wagons and overturning wagons invented?

The tube car was first invented in the Sui Dynasty, but the tube car of the Tang Dynasty is better than that of the Sui Dynasty, more than 1,000 years ago. Bi Lan of the Han Dynasty was the "creator" of the "overturning cart" in our history, while Ma Jun of the Three Kingdoms should be the "improvement" of the overturning cart technology.

The tube car (chinese noria) is also known as the "water rotating tube car". A kind of water flow for power, water irrigation tools. According to historical records, the cylinder car was invented in Sui and flourished in the Tang Dynasty, more than 1,000 years of history. This ancient tube car by water power automatically, in the hometown of lush mountains, streams constitute a picture of the distant pastoral spring map for the ancient Chinese people's outstanding invention.

The tube car, also known as "sky car", "bamboo car", "water wheel", "water car", is a water power Irrigation tools. According to the material points bamboo tube car and wooden tube car two kinds. Tube car water wheel upright in the water near the river, the wheel around the oblique mounted a number of bamboo and wooden tube, there are up to forty-two tubes. The use of water to promote the main wheel; wheel around the small tube order into the water scooped full, to the top of the pouring out, connected to the wooden groove, into the canal field. The earliest records in the Tang Dynasty, after the Song Dynasty gradually popularized. Southern Song Zhang Xiaoxiang "Yu Hu Jushi collection" in the "bamboo car" poem: "turn this wheel, save you drought years of suffering". "Old farmers do not know, instantly a thousand acres." Efficacy is remarkable, better than human and animal power to turn the car for the better, some areas are still in use today.

Turning the car, also known as the keel waterwheel, the old Chinese folk irrigation of farmland with the keel waterwheel. For the world's earliest, the longest running agricultural waterwheel. Is a kind of scraper type continuous water lifting machinery, is one of the most famous agricultural irrigation machinery invented by the ancient Chinese working people. In Cao Wei, the adapted tumbler was used for irrigation.

The Book of the Later Han recorded Bi Lan as a tipper, and Ma Jun of the Three Kingdoms perfected it. The tipper can be driven by hand, foot, oxen, water or wind. The keel leaf plate is used as a chain, lying in a long rectangular groove, the body is placed diagonally by the river or pond. The lower sprocket and part of the body are submerged in water. Drive the sprocket, the leaf plate will scrape the water along the groove to rise to the upper end of the long groove will be sent out of the water. Such a continuous cycle, the water transported to the place where the need, can be continuous water, greatly improving the efficiency, easy to operate and carry, but also can be transferred in time to take the water point, you can irrigate, can also be flooded. Ancient China's earliest application of chain drive is in the cart, is a major improvement in agricultural irrigation machinery.

Extended information

As early as the Spring and Autumn Period has appeared. Zhuang Zhou "South China scripture" recorded the Han Yin hold Weng old man shame with orange water pulley, that is, erected in the well side of the water lifting equipment. With the development of society, the use of water lifting tools are more and more emphasized, and has appeared bailing bucket, draw tube, keel car (also known as turning car) and tube car. The bailing bucket is tied to both sides of a wooden bucket or a fence, and two people hold a rope opposite to each other to draw water from the river into the field.

Drawing tubes are made of thick bamboo poles with bamboo joints, connected to each other, with the terrain high and low, with wooden and stone brackets, across the valley, to draw water into the field. The keel car is a series of live sections of wooden boards into the sink, supplemented by a cross shaft above the use of human power to step on the turn or the use of oxen to rotate, ditches, streams and rivers with the board into the field. Tube car is to use the principle of hydraulic operation, so that the bamboo tube to take water, water rotation guide irrigation into the field, without manpower.

The use of tube car in Ankang began in the Southern Song Dynasty when Guo Hao camping field. Hengkou Qian Gongyan Longkou tube car under the river is Guo Hao camping when the system tube car water into the canal, so the place to stay "tube car river" name. On the east bank of the river, there are two stone carvings left on the cliff wall, although the characters have been indecipherable, but vaguely still recognizable as "Feng Di Di system dragon tube car", "water into the weir", "irrigation field" and other words.

The later development of the high turntable car, Wang Zhen "agricultural book" depicts the high turntable car, belonging to the water machinery. Powered by human or animal power, the shape of the keel car, its water parts such as a well car, its upper and lower are wooden frame, each installed a wooden wheel, wheel diameter of about four feet (a foot in the Ming Dynasty is about 0.32 meters) next to the rim of the wheel is high, the middle is low, in the middle of the groove to make a more obvious unevenness to increase the rim of the wheel and the friction of the bamboo tube.

Below the wheel half submerged in water, two wheels connected to the bamboo rope, bamboo rope is about a foot long, the distance between the bamboo tube is about five inches, between the upper and lower wheels, in the upper bamboo rope and bamboo tube under the use of wooden frames and wooden boards to bear the weight of the bamboo tube full of water. High turntable car also use human or animal power to turn the upper wheel.

Tied to the bamboo tube of the bamboo rope is the transmission, when the upper wheel rotation, bamboo rope and the lower wheel with the rotation, bamboo tube with the bamboo rope up and down. When the bamboo tube down to the water, the pocket full of water, and then up with the bamboo rope, to reach the upper wheel high, the bamboo tube will be invasive water into the tank, so the cycle continues. Driving a series of small bamboo tubes filled with water, along the sink and up, you can take water from low water source areas on the high bank.

Since the Southern Song Dynasty, the cylinder car in the use of the process of continuous improvement, and gradually popularize the popularity. Ming and Qing dynasties, Ankang counties can be seen tube car. There are many records in local history books. Such as Pingli dam river tube car pass, Ziyang County, the tube car ditch, Ningshan County, Wenshui River, the tube car Bay, the name of these places used to date, you can explore the traces of the year. In hanbin district, yingfeng township huangyang river, can still see the cylinder car style. They are spraying pearls and watering the farmland at the same time, but also become a beautiful landscape for people to travel and visit.