What is the traditional culture of Enshi City

Southwestern Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Province, is located in Hubei, Hunan, Chongqing, three provinces county (city) junction of the town of Baifeng County Baifuxi, east of Hunan Longshan County border, west of Chongqing Youyang County adjacent to the foot of the three provinces, known as "a foot on the three provinces," the name. In the town of Baifu Si Shemihu village of Tujia cottage, since ancient times has preserved a set of the most complete, the most unique, the most Tujia flavor, to agriculture, production life scenes, Tujia self-protection, resistance against foreign invasion and other action-oriented dance. The local name is "Pendulum Dance", and the Tujia language is called "Sheba", "Sheba Day", "Sheba Gezhi" or "Sheba BaBa".

The Hand Pendulum Dance has strong Tujia characteristics, and its unique feature is to pendulum the same side of the hand, out of the same side of the foot, that is, out of the left foot out of the left hand, out of the right foot out of the right hand, and sometimes "single pendulum", and sometimes "double pendulum", in order to show the labor of the

"Sowing seeds", "planting rice seedlings", "picking up a burden

"and good wishes", "Grinding Eagle Spreading Wings" and so on. The dance posture is rough and generous, and the movements are vigorous and beautiful, reflecting the hardworking and simple, brave and resolute temperament of the Tujia people

The hand-waving activity is the most serious and solemn folk cultural activity of the Tujia people, and it is one of the distinctive cultural symbols of the Tujia people differentiating themselves from the other ethnic groups, and it is popular in the Tujia areas in the Youshui Basin of Hunan, Hubei, and Chongqing border areas. It is rich in content, mainly including "fishing and hunting dance", "agricultural dance", "military dance", "life dance" and so on. The movements have certain rules, the hand swing is generally no more than the shoulder, the swing line is smooth, generous and free, such as the side swing, single swing and so on. The dance movements are characterized by smooth abduction (flinging the same side of the hand), bending the knees, trembling and sinking. It requires that the hands and feet work well together and move in unison; when bending the knees, the upper body is leveled, and the palms of the feet are exerted, giving a solid, steady feeling; the trembling requires a slight shaking of the feet and arms, and the movement should be elastic and tenacious; the sinking movement has a feeling of downward movement of the center of gravity in the repetition of the beat, and it requires that the body is not collapsed without the sinking of qi and the movement is steady and solid.

The music of the Pendulum Dance is based on gongs and drums, and different drum rhythms are used to regulate and lead the dance formations and changes in movements. The rhythm is solemn and soothing for ancestor worship; light and heavy, fast and slow for agricultural and hunting activities; and easy and lively for daily life. During the dance, the drums respond to the sound of the crowd, forming a special reverberation music effect, the atmosphere is strong, the scene is strong and steady, warm and grand, the Tujia people optimistic, self-improvement of the spirit of the best performance.

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Every year during the Spring Festival, Shermie Lake Tujia cottage is bustling with people wearing red and green, men, women, and children all waving their hands. Pendulum Hall around the pine trees with lights and colors, we dance in a circle, sounding gongs and drums, all night long. Praying for the ancestors of the Tujia tribe to bless the year with favorable weather conditions, abundant harvests, prosperous livestock, and all the best. Qing Xianfeng years Chen Bingjun in the "title of the word of the earth king" poem described: "five generations of the soldiers remnants of the copper column cold, hundred barbarians wind ancient cave people, and now the wild temple annual race, the alley is still rumors of swinging song"

Tujia swinging activities in the early Qing dynasty in the Yongshun Fu Zhi, Yongshun County Zhi, Longshan County Zhi Zhi, etc., all have detailed records. Peng Shifeng also wrote a poem during the Tongzhi period: "Fushi City in the brocade as a nest, the King's Palace of the soil by the water waves. There are ten thousand red lanterns and thousands of people, and a piece of lingering hand-swinging song." This reveals the prosperity of Baifushi Town and the prevalence of the Pendulum Dance.

Now, there is a farmer's hand-pendulum dance team active in the border of Hubei, Hunan and Chongqing provinces, which is very popular among people.

Sunning the Dragon Robe

On this day of June 6, families take their clothes, quilts, books and paintings out to be tanned. Legend has it that during the Yuan Dynasty, the imperial court sent troops to suppress the Tujia people, the national hero Qin Tu Wang fought against the Yuan army, and was unfortunately defeated on the sixth day of the sixth month of June, blood stained robes, but still would rather die than submit to be killed by the Yuan army. Since then, every year on the sixth day of June, the local people in every household to sunbathe clothes instead of robes?

Because Qin Tu Wang robe embroidered with dragons, so called dragon robe , expressed mourning. Some places in Enshi have this festival is more solemn, to kill cattle, take "ten full"? Meat, heart,

liver, etc. Steamed rice to the earth king shrine for the king, and then the whole village food.

Ten sisters accompanying the bride to get married the first night, parents invited relatives and neighbors in the unmarried girl 9 people, even the bride **** 10 people sitting around the table. Then, by the upper and lower four accompanied by a poem or song to open the stage, accompanied by women on both sides of a song in turn. Singing content colorful, the beginning to advise the newcomer in-laws filial piety, hard work and thrift, etiquette, polite people, etc. for the content, and then with colorful color high, the discourse on the past and present, and mutual examination, each show their ability, each other, lively and very much, and lasted until dawn.

Crying for marriage

Crying for marriage is an important element of Tujia marriage customs. Tujia girls no longer go out to do work ten days and a half months before the date of marriage agreed with the man. First of all, in the boudoir put a square table, set tea ten bowls, invite relatives and neighbors nine women sit around, began to cry marriage. The bride in the center, called "package seat", the right woman for the "seat", the left woman for the "seat". The bride sounded, "Anshi" to take the cavity, in order to cry to go, day and night. Crying rules: mothers and daughters cry, aunt and nephew cry, sisters cry, uncle and nephew cry, sister-in-law cry, scolding the matchmaker ...... cry for three or five days, up to ten days and a half months. The main content is to recall the mother-daughter love, tell the separate bitter, thanks to the grace of upbringing, brother and sister-in-law to take care of elderly parents, teach the daughter to be a man in the world and so on. Crying for marriage songs are generally made on the spot, see the mother crying mother, see the aunt crying aunt. The words of the cry vary, but there are also fixed words. The song has a melodic, rhythmic and staccato sound.

Crying form of crying and singing according to the process of marriage to divide, generally divided into: "one person crying and singing" and "two people crying and singing" two kinds of "one person crying and singing" that is, the girl cried about One person crying singing" that is, the girl crying about their fate, crying ancestors, crying parents of the nurturing grace, crying brother and sister-in-law sisterhood, and crying about the feudal marriage and the matchmaker hateful deceptive behavior, and so on. I'm afraid that we will be hungry, I'm afraid that we will be sick, I'm afraid that we will be ugly, I'm afraid that we will be starry-eyed, I'm afraid that we will be ugly, I'm afraid that we will be ugly. Fourth, I was afraid that my daughter would be uneducated, so I sent her to school. Now that she has become a human being, she spends a lot of money on her. A foot and five inches to put the daughter plate, just to bring the mouth to the mouth; hard years and days, freezing and starvation painstakingly! My daughter's life is a mistake, and my parents have wasted their efforts; my daughter is now leaving her parents, and my heart is drenched with tears! I'm sorry to say that I'm not able to honor my parents, but I'm not able to honor my parents for the rest of my life; I'm not able to light a lamp in the water, but I'm not able to be a man in the world!

"Two people crying" is called "sister crying", that is, by the married girl first cry, accompanied by the cryer on the side of the cry, inserted from the end of the sentence, two people crying and singing together a fall. Walled relatives and friends every night to accompany the cry, non-relatives and non-friends of the girls also invited each other, groups to learn to cry marriage, such as the sisters cry: sister: "twelve yards on the Solo Tree, we have the same root and with the same yards; this day the sisters to be separated, leaving the embroidery building is very lonely! Sister: "The twelve maids on the Solo Tree, we have the same father and the same mother; this time the sisters are leaving, it is hard to part with them! Sister: "The Solo Tree is on the opposite side of the stage, and it is hard for my sister to be forgiving in her heart; she has lost your sister to her mother-in-law's house, and she will only come back on New Year's Day!

The musical structure of the Weeping Marriage is a "linking song" structure, which is a long musical section repeated many times, and in the process of repeated weeping, due to changes in the lyrics, the melody also changes slightly, but the melody of the base and the terminating notes remain unchanged, and the melody of each phrase is descending from the high notes, and the decorative tones in the melody are used more, and often added to whimpering and sobbing at the end of the phrase. The melody uses more ornamentation, and at the end of the phrase, it often adds whimpering and sobbing to express the sorrowful and depressing emotions.

The music of the crying marriage formed a fixed song, crying words to form a fixed chapter, the content is very rich, the language is refined and simple, general five-character sentence, seven-character sentence structure is more, rhyme catchy, popular and fast, easy to sing. According to the marriage program, there are "crying father", "crying mother", "crying brother and sister-in-law", "crying sister", "Crying brother", "crying uncle", "crying uncle", "crying grandfather", "Crying for the matchmaker", "Crying to say goodbye to the ancestors", "Crying to put on makeup", "Crying to eat the rice of the departing mother", "crying to wear dewy clothes", "crying to get into the sedan chair", "crying to all the guests", "crying to set the table" and so on.

Today, with the freedom of marriage, some places still retain the custom of crying for marriage, but the content of the lyrics and the feelings they express are very different