Traditional festivals of Jinuo people

Jinuo people call themselves Jinuo people, which used to be translated into Chinese as Youle. Jinuo is a single ethnic minority officially recognized by * * */kloc-0 in June, 979. * * * 20899 people, mainly living in Jinuo Township, Jinuo Mountain, Jinghong City, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. In Wang Meng, Mengyang, Olive Dam and other places, Menglun and Xiangming in Mengla County, there are also Jino people scattered. Jinuo Mountain, where Jinuo people live in compact communities, is one of the six famous tea mountains of Pu 'er tea.

"Keno" is a self-proclaimed nation, which means "a nation that respects my uncle". Jinuo people have their own language. Jino language belongs to the Tibeto-Burman language family of Sino-Tibetan language family and has no mother tongue. In the past, it was mostly recorded in wood carving.

Jinuo people believe in primitive religion, animism, nature, ancestors and Zhu Gekongming.

Jinuo women weave. Jinuo women are good at knitting. Walking into the Jinuo mountain village, you will find it everywhere: at the edge of the village or on the path in the field, all Jinuo women don't use spindles to twist the thread, and their dexterous hands open and close from time to time, up and down, and the white cotton instantly turns into uniform silver thread.

Jinuo cloth is hand-woven by waist machine, which is called "machete cloth". When weaving, women sit on the floor, one end of the warp is tied to the waist, the other end is tied to two opposite sticks, and the weft is wound around the bamboo shuttle. In operation, the shuttle is walked back and forth with both hands, and the weft is pushed tightly with a board similar to a machete every time to weave a beautiful "machete cloth".

Jinuo men wear a collarless double-breasted black and white plaid jacket with no buttons, red and blue stripes embroidered on the front, colorful patterns embroidered on the back, wide trousers and white leggings. The woman is wearing a blue, red and Huang San striped double-breasted jacket, the sleeves are inlaid with patterned cloth strips, the chest is surrounded by a triangular cloth strip, the black skirt is wrapped with red cloth, the triangular plaid hat is worn, and the leggings are wrapped with cloth. Both men and women wear earrings, and big eyes are a sign of hard work and courage. Lovers like to give each other bouquets and put them in each other's earrings to show their affection.

Bamboo plays a particularly important role in the production and life of Jinuo people. The biggest building of Jinuo nationality is bamboo building. In a bamboo building in Longpa village, there used to be 32 households 120 people. The basic structure and furniture of such a large bamboo building are almost all bamboo. The smallest thing woven with bamboo is a cigarette case that can be put into your pocket. Others, such as bamboo buckets for carrying water, bamboo troughs for water diversion, "pots" for vegetables and "pots" for cooking, are also made of bamboo. The rice cooked by fresh bamboo tube is delicious and fragrant. A bamboo tube can be cooked several times without cracking.

Jinuo people are used to three meals eclipsed, taking rice as their daily staple food, mixed with corn, melon beans and so on. Jinuo people are very particular about eating rice. They should eat good rice, new rice and old rice, which are mostly used to feed livestock or make soju. Corn focuses on eating green. Generally, glutinous rice is kneaded into a ball by hand for breakfast, and rice wrapped in banana leaves is taken to the ground for lunch, and salt and pepper are added at any time. In addition to rice, there are some dishes for dinner, and domestic livestock and poultry can only be slaughtered at weddings and funerals.

Usually, the source of meat depends on hunting. May to September is the rainy season in Mount Keno every year. At this time, almost all vegetables were collected in the mountains. Often eat yam, water celery, bamboo shoots, houttuynia cordata and various fungi, of which bamboo shoots are the most common. Rich wild game and wild vegetables, together with local unique wild pepper, hemp root, citronella and acid wood flour, enable Jinuo people to cook many ethnic dishes with tropical Shan Ye flavor in different seasons.

Jinuo people generally like to drink, and there is a saying among the people that wine is indispensable for a day. Most of the wine we drink is brewed from rice or corn. In the brewing process, some plants such as lock plum leaves are usually added. This wine is light green and has a natural plant fragrance. It is said to have the effect of strengthening the spleen and strengthening the body.

Mount Keno is a famous tea-producing area. Pu 'er tea, which is famous at home and abroad, is a local specialty. People like to drink old leaf tea. When drinking tea, they usually boil the old leaves in a teapot until the soup is thick.

Some Jino women in Maoe, Chema and other villages have the habit of eating a unique local soil, and some elderly women are addicted to eating soil, and they will feel uncomfortable if they don't eat it for a day. Studies show that this kind of clay contains a small amount of elements such as copper, iron, calcium, zinc and so on, which are essential to human body.

The marriage of Jinuo people is monogamous. They are free to fall in love before marriage and rarely divorce after marriage.

Bar mitzvah Jinuo people think that young men and women are not mature in mind and body before 15 and 16 years old, and they cannot undertake and enjoy the obligations and rights of village members. They are not allowed to go out at night or fall in love. Working in the fields can only be considered as half labor. It was not until they were fifteen or sixteen years old and held a rite of passage that they were qualified to become full members of the village community and could fall in love. In this village, the adult ceremony is usually held at the ceremony of entering the new house. In some villages, young men who are about to hold a bar mitzvah will be caught off guard.

On the day of going to the new house, the young men's organization (called "bypassing the exam" in Jino language) arranged for some young men to ambush on the way to work or in front of or behind the house, and then took him to the bamboo building of the new house to eat and drink with everyone. People who go to the new house will propose a toast to him, and the owner of the new house will give him three pieces of beef wrapped in banana leaves. He accepted the meat and expressed his willingness to join the organization of "bypassing the exam". The purpose of the raid is to make him feel scared at the moment of his arrest, increase the mystery of accepting the "bar mitzvah" and make the etiquette style leave an unforgettable impression in his life.

There are many festivals in Jinuo nationality, such as Kote Festival, Eating New Rice Festival, calling the spirits of the valley, going to new houses and so on. In addition to the above festivals, Jino people also have traditional festivals, such as Lolo, Geba or Kobe, Miaoge, Dongdou, Roger, Luo Qiao and Keto. Every festival has its own unique and interesting manners and customs, and every festival has a beautiful legend. Every legend makes people forge ahead and make people progress. Generation after generation has made Keno's children indomitable against nature. It is also needed by our times. These are excellent Jinuo cultures.

Jinuo Festival is a traditional festival of Jinuo people in Yunnan Province, which belongs to folk religious festivals. It is held in February of the lunar calendar every year for three days.

During the festival, people first offer sacrifices to the community gods in the village, which is called "Geba Festival" in Jino language. It was held at the home of the village father "Zhou Ba". The whole village will kill one sow and seven piglets, and pray to the community gods for a bumper harvest and peace in the village. Then on the Dragon Boat Festival, an activity called "Loumou Festival" was held at the edge of the village, and tents were set up temporarily. People kill cows under two "sacred trees", kill sows and piglets by the pond, hang a cow's tail on the tree, and put pig bones by the pond, indicating that both the tree god and the dragon god have enjoyed their first bite of food. During social festivals, villagers are prohibited from leaving the village and other villagers are not allowed to enter. The passage between villages should be blocked, so two wooden stakes were set up at the entrance of the village as a sign. The whole village will be shut down for three days. During the Dragon Boat Festival, "Zhou Ba" will also announce the taboo laws and regulations in the village, and no one may violate them.

Jinuo Torch Festival is a traditional Jinuo festival in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan. The Jinuo Torch Festival is held on the first day of the sixth lunar month every year.

Before the festival, the parents in the village sent some people up the mountain to cut down pines and cypresses and set up high torches in the village square. On this day, the whole village stopped production, and all men, women and children put on festive costumes. Housewives are busy preparing holiday meals and relatives and friends visit each other. At night, torches are lit outside the village, and people gather around them. After the father in the village prayed for the torch, people danced and danced, and the old people drank to their hearts' content. Young men and women often stay up all night singing and dancing with the accompaniment of gongs, drums, elephant feet and three strings.

The Jino people's festival of offering sacrifices to Dalong in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province is a traditional religious festival, which is held in July of the lunar calendar every year. In the past, sacrificial ceremonies were mainly presided over by Zhai Fu and Zhai Mu.

At that time, a cattle release ceremony will be held and farming will be suspended for three days. Its purpose is to pray for the Dragon King to bless the good weather. In some places, Jinuo people don't go out in the village on this day, but only entertain themselves at home, while the elders have to take a chicken, a glass of wine and a liter of rice to Moyang Village to sacrifice knives. It is said that Moyangzhai has a treasure knife, which can control the weather changes. When it is dry, it is a rain sacrifice, and when it is wet, it is a sunny sacrifice. At the time of sacrifice, after killing the chicken, insert three grasses on the chicken head, then burn the chicken, and then look at the lines of the chicken leg bones to predict the climate, rain and harvest in the coming year.

Jinuo Festival in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, where Jinuo people live in dragon festival, was held 13 days after dragon festival, and lasted for 6 days. Every day, the parents in the village preside over the sacrificial ceremony, hoping to pray for the Dragon King to bless the good weather and good harvests.

During the festival, people don't do agricultural work, women do housework at home, and men go hunting in the mountains. It is said that going to work in the fields on this day will affect the growth of crops and is prone to hail disasters.

Jinuo people like to eat new rice in Jinuo language. Also known as the "New Rice Festival", it is a traditional festival of Jinuo people in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. It is usually held in September and October of the lunar calendar, after the rainy season when new rice matures.

The Jinuo people's New Rice Festival is different. They don't get together to wear new clothes, but each family has its own festivals. During the festival, every Jino family went to Man Cang. The owner of the family took a chicken coop and put it in his own coop to pick all kinds of wild flowers in the field. While putting the flowers in the chicken coop, he shook a thin box with silver coins or bracelets and sang "Valley Soul Song", commonly known as "Valley Soul".

Go straight home after calling "Soul of the Valley" and don't look back, otherwise the harvest will be bad in the coming year. When you get to the fork in the road, you should put a bundle of straw full of flowers on the road. After returning home, you should kill chickens and pigs, and hang the heads of chickens or pigs on the barn door to worship the soul of the valley. Next, we will have a holiday meal. But before meals, the whole family must follow their parents, recite the names of village gods, well gods and ancestors devoutly, and pray for the gods to bless the whole family.

The New Rice Festival is a great opportunity for young people. They can invite young people from Waizhai to sing in the mountains to find their Prince Charming.

Jinuo people are particularly hairy, which is a festival of Jinuo people living in Jinghong area of Xishuangbanna. "Temaoqi" means "Tieda Festival", which is held every December of the lunar calendar.

This passage comes from an old legend. A long time ago, a Jino woman was pregnant, but she couldn't give birth on the date of delivery. In this way, she was pregnant for 9 years and 9 months. On this day, she felt very painful ribs and noise, which made her fidgety. After a while, the child in the belly emerged from under the bitten rib. I saw the child beating the iron with a poker in one hand and a hammer in the other. That is, Jinuo people used iron from then on. In order to commemorate this young man, there was an "Iron Tie Festival".

Jinuo people have a solar calendar, and there is no unified date for Chinese New Year. Generally speaking, they will choose an auspicious day in January of the lunar calendar to celebrate the New Year, which will last for three days. Before the festival, every household should make wine, kill pigs and cows, prepare rich food, and invite relatives and friends and distant relatives to pay New Year greetings. There is a village father and a village mother in Keno village. When mom and dad play cowhide drums, the whole village will get together and mom and dad will distribute the preparations for the New Year. Then, each family went up the mountain with bows and arrows and muskets, and caught two pairs of yellow-billed rats as filial gifts and a pair of bamboo rats as New Year gifts for the blacksmith. Strike iron as raw materials, and blacksmiths process iron farm tools. During the festival, people dress up. On the first day of the festival, the whole village took a kilo of rice to congratulate their elders, who gave everything they had to entertain everyone. On this day, a grand ceremony will be held to suppress cattle, that is, the hind legs of the cattle will be cut off first, and the meat will be cut off for sacrifice before the cattle die, and the rest of the beef will be distributed to everyone. The next day, parents will gather in the blacksmith's room to hold a symbolic ceremony and prepare plowing and farm tools.