About the traditional culture of Japan and South Korea ~

Culture: Japan's unique geographical conditions and long history gave birth to a unique Japanese culture. Cherry blossoms, kimonos, haiku and samurai, sake and Shintoism constitute two aspects of traditional Japan-chrysanthemum and sword. Japan has a famous "three paths", namely, Japanese folk tea ceremony, flower path and book path.

Tea ceremony, also known as tea soup (tea tasting), has been loved by the upper class as an aesthetic ceremony since ancient times. Nowadays, tea ceremony is widely accepted by the general public to train concentration or cultivate manners. Many schools in Japan teach the techniques of various schools of tea ceremony, and many hotels also have tea rooms, where you can easily enjoy the performances of tea ceremony.

The flower path was born as a technology to replicate the flowers in the wild in the teahouse. Because of the different rules and methods of exhibition, pattern science can be divided into more than 20 schools, and there are also many schools in Japan that teach various schools of pattern science techniques. In addition, in hotels, department stores, public facilities halls and other places, you can enjoy the beautifully decorated art of flower arrangement.

Sumo originated from the religious ceremony of Japanese Shintoism. People hold competitions for the god of harvest in temples, hoping to bring a good harvest. In Nara and heian period, sumo was a court sport, but in Kamakura and the Warring States period, sumo became a part of samurai training. Professional sumo began in the18th century, which is very similar to the present sumo competition. Shinto ceremony emphasizes sumo, and the purpose of stamping before the game is to drive away the evil spirits in the field and also to relax the muscles. Salt should be sprinkled on the ruins to achieve the purpose of purification, because Shinto believes that salt can drive away ghosts. Sumo is played on the table. The whole table is square, with a circle in the middle and a diameter of 4.55 meters. In the competition, two lux stood almost naked on the stage with their hair in a bun and pocket belts. In the competition, Lux must not touch the table or cross the circle except the sole of his foot. You can decide the game in a minute or two or even a few seconds. Sumo referee * * * consists of six people. The referee is the "secretary" with a folding fan, and the other five people are in the front row, east, west and referee's seat respectively. The highest rank of Hercules is "Yokozuna". Here are the Grand View, Guan Wei, Summary and Neck Front. These four grades are called "in-screen" and belong to the upper layer of soil. Again, there are twelve scenes, in addition to which there are three subordinate items and three sequences. The bottom layer is called preface. An ordinary lux needs a lot of efforts to get a higher level; It is impossible to get the lowest score without hard work.

Kimono is the name of traditional Japanese national costume. It is also called "persistence" in Japan. Kimono is an imitation of China's clothing style in Sui and Tang Dynasties. In the 8th and 9th centuries, Tang Feng was once popular in Japan. Although it changed later and formed a unique Japanese style, it still contains some characteristics of ancient Chinese clothing. The different styles and colors of women's kimonos are the signs that distinguish age and marriage. For example, unmarried girls wear tight sleeves and married women wear wide sleeves; Comb "Teru Shimada" hairstyle (one of Japanese hairstyles, bowl-shaped). The girl is wearing a red collar shirt and a bun, and the housewife is wearing a plain shirt. Kimono doesn't need buttons, just a knotted belt. There are many kinds of belts, and the method of knotting is different. A widely used method of tying knots is called "Taikoo Knot". There is a paper or cloth core in the belt where the waist is tied, which looks like a square box. This is the decoration behind the kimono that we often see. Because tying knots is very troublesome, there are ready-made "improvement belts" and "cultural belts" after the war. Although today's Japanese daily clothes have long been replaced by suits, kimono is still recognized as a must-wear dress for weddings, celebrations, traditional flower patterns, tea ceremonies and other grand social occasions.

Judo enjoys a high reputation all over the world. The basic principle of judo is not to attack, but to use the opponent's strength to protect the body. The grade of judo players is expressed by the color of their belts (primary: white/advanced: black).

Kendo is a Japanese fencing sport, which originated from samurai's important martial arts fencing. According to strict rules, the contestants wear special protective equipment and stab each other's head, body and fingertips with bamboo knives.

Karate is a fighting sport introduced to Japan from China via Ryukyu Kingdom (now Okinawa). Karate does not use any weapons, only fists and feet. Compared with other fighting sports, karate is a practical form of sports.

Aikido was originally just a kind of exercise to practice "shape", and its basic idea is not to use force against power. Compared with judo and karate, Aikido, as a mental exercise and fitness exercise, is very popular with the elderly and women.

The traditional Japanese drama "Nocturnal Nocturnal Nocturnal" (のぅ) is a traditional Japanese drama and one of the oldest surviving dramas in the world. Nengju originated from ancient dance drama forms and various festival dramas held in Japanese shrines and monasteries in the12nd century or13rd century. "Neng" means talent or skill. Actors hint at the essence of the story through facial expressions and body movements, rather than showing it. Now this kind of drama still has tenacious vitality in Japan.

New Year's Day 65438+1 October1

Adult Day 65438+ 10 15 Commemorative activities for young people at the age of 20.

February 1 1, the anniversary of the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), it is said that the first generation of emperors ascended the throne.

Vernal equinox March 20

Green Festival is Hirohito's birthday on April 29th.

Constitutional Memorial Day: May 3rd, 65438+May 3rd, 0947, Japan's Constitution was implemented.

May 5th International Children's Day

Respect for the elderly in September 15

Autumnal equinox September 23

Sports Festival 10 10/0 Tokyo Olympic Games 1964 opens.

Cultural Festival165438+1October 3rd Old Meiji Festival

Labor Thanksgiving Day165438+1October 23rd, respect labor and congratulate each other on a bumper harvest.

Emperor's birthday 65438+February 23rd, the birthday of the late Hirohito.

Japanese people regard giving gifts as a material expression of expressing their wishes to each other. The gift is not thick. If it is delivered properly, it will leave a deep impression on the other party. China's Four Treasures of the Study, celebrity calligraphy and painting, handicrafts and so on are the most popular, but the size of calligraphy and painting should not be too large. Gift packaging should not be sloppy, even a box of tea should be careful. China people give gifts in pairs, while Japanese people avoid giving gifts in pairs. They usually use odd numbers such as 1, 3, 5 and 7, but they are afraid of "9" because in Japanese, "9" is pronounced the same as "bitter". According to Japanese custom, gifts for individuals must be given in private, not in public. Japanese people are afraid of green. I don't like lotus flowers, but I like cherry blossoms, turtles and ducks.

Koreans advocate Confucianism and respect their elders. When the elders enter the house, everyone should stand up and ask how old they are. Take off your sunglasses when talking to the old man. Get up in the morning and greet your parents after dinner; When parents go out and come back, the children have to see him before they can eat. When riding a bike, make way for the old man. Answer the phone. When eating, you should serve food to the elderly or elders first. Only when the old man moves chopsticks can others eat. When riding a bike, make way for the old man.

social etiquette

When Koreans meet, the traditional etiquette is to bow. When the younger generation and subordinates meet their elders or superiors, they should bow, say hello and stand aside to show their respect. Men greet each other, bow and shake hands. When shaking hands, they either use their hands or their left hands and only nod once. Bowing etiquette is generally not used on businessmen. When dealing with Korean officials, you can usually shake hands or nod gently. Women don't usually shake hands with people.

In social groups and banquets, men and women socialize separately, even at home or in restaurants.

In Korea, if someone invites you home for dinner or dinner, bring a small gift, and it is best to choose packaged food. When toasting at dinner, you should hold the bottle in your right hand and the bottom of the bottle in your left hand, then bow and toast, and finally pour three cups. The toaster should hold its cup lower and touch the other's cup with its rim. Take a bow before you leave after drinking. When you are a guest, the host won't show you the whole house. Don't wander around alone. When you leave, the host will see you to the door, even outside, and then say goodbye.

Koreans accept gifts with both hands, but they don't open them in front of guests. It is not appropriate to send foreign cigarettes to Korean friends. Wine is the best gift for Korean men, but you can't give wine to a woman unless you make it clear that the wine is for her husband. Pay attention to giving gifts to Koreans. Korean men like brand-name textiles, ties, lighters, electric razors and so on. Women like cosmetics, bags, gloves, scarves and spices used in the kitchen. Children like food. If you send money, you should put it in an envelope.

If there is a visit, it must be agreed in advance. Koreans attach great importance to reception in communication. Banquets are usually held in restaurants or bars, and their wives rarely attend.

taboo

The government stipulates that Korean citizens must respect the national flag, national anthem and national flower. Not only does the radio regularly play the national anthem, but it also plays the national anthem before the theater performance. The audience must stand up. If foreigners are too negligent in the above places, it will be considered as disrespect for South Korea and Koreans.

Koreans have many taboos. When we meet on holidays, don't say unlucky things, let alone get angry and quarrel. On the third day of the first lunar month, you can't take out the garbage, sweep the floor, and kill chickens and pigs. Avoid lighting a fire at the Cold Food Festival. The zodiac is a marriage, and the wedding date is not a day. Fishermen are not allowed to turn over when eating fish for fear of capsizing. Don't go to someone else's house to have your nails cut, or the two families will have a grudge after their death. Don't wear a hat when eating, or you will be poor for life. Avoid pillow books when you sleep, or you will accomplish nothing. Avoid killing dogs born in the first month, or they will die within three years.

When sitting with the old man, sit up straight. Because the Korean dining table is a small table with short legs and placed on the kang, both the host and the guests should sit cross-legged on the ground when eating. If you should kneel in front of your elders, no matter who you are, you must never straighten your legs or part, otherwise it will be considered impolite or insulting.

Don't smoke in front of your superiors, and don't borrow or take fire from them privately. Don't make any noise while eating, let alone talk. You should take off your shoes when you break into a family house or a Korean hotel. Eating in the street and blowing your nose in front of people are considered rude.

Photography is strictly restricted in Korea. Military facilities, airports, reservoirs, subways, national museums and places of entertainment are all prohibited, as are taking pictures in the air and high buildings.