What are the historical background and clothing characteristics of Egypt respectively?

The Egyptian artistic genre is full of strict rules and order, and the ancient Egyptian clothing, because of the hot climate, was simple. In the last ancient Egyptian dynasty, including the period from the third to the sixth dynasty, i.e. the 500 years from 2780 to 2280 BC. Men's clothing was a short cloth, a very narrow "loincloth", tightly tied around the waist, with a belt to hold it in place, a garment that remained in place later as a light work garment, and women's clothing, too, consisted of only one garment, a long, straight skirt that ran from the chest to the ankles, with one or two garters hooked into it. second era of prosperity for Egyptian culture. Men were no longer satisfied with loincloths, but added several layers of skirts, short loincloths underneath, and a skirt over that, which reached down to the ankles.

In the third phase we find a great shift in the clothing of men and women. The Egyptian occupation of Syria led to the appearance of Asiatic clothing in Egypt, where men wore one or more skirts, which could be worn under or over the skirt. Women also wore this garment with a shawl, knotted at the chest, and both sexes now wore complex garments with "hems" and "pleats" that varied along the edges of the garment. Towards the end of the new dynasty (the Third Dynasty), the clothes became heavier, the colors were stronger, the decoration of the edges disappeared, and the use of smooth fabrics with a slight sizing and Asian influences was introduced.

Clothing

Ancient Dynastic period,

Women - Nugbai: tighter, simple style. It was worn from the chest down to the heels, and was tied with a cloth belt under the chest. The upper end usually has one or two suspenders fixed with buckles. Only Nuggets that are too narrow and tightly fitted are worn without suspenders. When worn, the shoulders, arms and breasts are exposed, and if the suspenders are wide, the breasts may be covered.

Note: Nuggets were common dress for women of all classes in ancient Egypt, usually made of breathable linen. The nuggets were also decorated at parties. It was worn from the feet to the body and secured with color-coordinated suspenders.

Men: In the beginning, the Nuggets were worn to cover up their shame by tying a belt made of plants around their waists, with the ends of the belt hanging down in front of them. Gradually, clothes similar to the Nugubai came into being. They were fastened with a belt. Men's clothing varied according to their status.

Note: There was a close relationship between dress and the shape of buildings. Most of the Fifth Dynasty garments were conical in shape. It was similar to the shape of a pyramid. Later the royal costumes became longer and wider.

Middle Kingdom Period

Women - Nugbai: The style of clothing has changed, and there are two types of sleeveless and sleeved. The length remained the same and a belt was tied under the chest. Some did not. In addition, shawls became popular. These shawls cover the chest.

Men - Nugbai; long robes appeared, usually reaching the heels.

New Kingdom period

Women - changes in dress. From the colorful paintings in the tomb of Queen Nafelti of the Nineteenth Dynasty, the queen wore a nubuck made of thin, white, fine linen. She wore a colorful ribbon under her breast, which was tied in a knot from the front to the back and back to the front. The ends of the knot fell down to her knees. The shawl was in the form of a bat, woven with gold thread and decorated with beautiful jewels. Isis, the queen's goddess of health and life, also wore a nugget of white, with two suspenders and a collar around her neck.

Note: The most characteristic feature of the New Kingdom period was the sari. It may have come from India or from the region east of Iraq. It is completely different from the costume of the Old and Middle Kingdom. They were made of long strips of cloth, about 5 meters long and half a meter wide. It was worn in a casual manner. It was preferred by women in the New Kingdom. It was not only easy to put on and take off, but also symbolized civilization and progress. Another characteristic of the New Kingdom women's dresses was the tucks and splits in the dresses. This could make women more attractive and beautiful.

Men - Nuggets. Shirts and robes became more common. These shirts and robes are of different sizes and have tucks that cover the upper body so that the breasts are not exposed. The amount of clothing also changed. Men often wore two nuggets of white, some on the inside and some longer and thinner on the outside.

Towards the end of the 18th dynasty the dress code of men was changed to be longer on the inside and shorter on the outside. This is evidenced by the statue of King Amenhotep I. He wore two Nuggets. He wore two nuggets, one from his shoulders to his feet and the other from his chest to his mid-calf, and he also wore a shawl.

Tucked nuggets were often worn by New Kingdom pharaohs during ceremonial events. This type of dress was generally unadorned with gold jewelry, except for a gold buckle on the belt.

Note: Ancient Egyptian attention to clothing decoration mainly in the period of Tutankhamun, when the most popular in the clothes last embroidery or wear a variety of precious ornaments

Ancient Egyptians attached great importance to their appearance. Dress up in the mirror, and then apply some cosmetics, sprinkle some perfume, these modern women must do every day "homework", in four or five thousand years ago in Ancient Egypt existed. Has been found in ancient Egyptians use cosmetics, mainly for the containers of perfumed oils and balms, contain eyeliner cream vials, cosmetic spoons and bronze mirrors and so on.

Scented oils and balms are made by mixing the scent of flowers with the oils of plants and animals, which can be called the predecessor of modern perfume. Ancient Egyptians not only put these "perfumes" on their faces, but also on their bodies, and made the balm into spices piled on their heads, and the balm gradually melted and flowed into their wigs and bodies, and they used this method to keep the scent for a long time and to increase their charm. Eyeliner paste was made of galena or malachite ground into a paste and mixed with oil. It was applied to the eye rims and eyelashes to make the eyes appear large and bright. Vessels containing cosmetics and their use with glass, ivory or chrysoprase stone refined from the appearance of the curious, itself is a symbol of beauty, such as the existing Louvre Museum in Paris, the eighteenth dynasty of the masquerade spoon, with high-quality wood and ivory carefully carved from the shape of a swimmer in the shape of a girl, holding a peach-shaped box, the girl wearing a wig, sunken earrings and necklaces.

Draped in gold and silver was also an important way for ancient Egyptians to dress themselves. Both in life and in death, people liked to wear jewelry, even to animals in paintings. Making jewelry materials are gold, silver, gemstones, jade, copper, shells, etc., different colors contain different symbolic meanings. For example, gold is the color of the sun and has the property of bringing life; silver is the symbol of the moon and is mainly used to make the bones of gods; turquoise or malachite is the color of the Nile River, which "gives" life to everything; jasper and carnelian produced in the eastern deserts symbolize plants and blood, respectively, and both contain the color of life. Jewelry made from these materials includes amulets, headbands, earrings, earrings, rings, collars and necklaces. Among the various kinds of jewelry, the most exquisite ones are those processed by the method of making cloisonné, which matches gold with precious stones carved into various shapes to form a piece of colorful and precious jewelry.

Ancient Egyptian gold mainly from the south of the Nubian and Kush kingdoms, goldsmiths already know how to make gold foil, and then processed into a variety of shapes of jewelry with gold foil, only then the gold foil than the present to be hundreds of times thicker. Compared with gold, silver was more scarce at that time, mainly imported from West Asia, so it was more precious than gold, usually mixed with gold, made of alloy jewelry, but also to achieve the effect of making jewelry more wear-resistant.

Ancient Egyptians in addition to the love of dress, but also particularly clean, especially in religious ceremonies, unclean is considered to be a great disrespect to God, will be God's "punishment". When the worship activities, even the pharaoh, but also to bathe and change clothes. Out of this need for cleanliness, the ancient Egyptians often easy to hide dirt hair and beard are shaved, men and women have become bald and beardless people. Replaced by a variety of wigs and fake beards. Over time, bald and wearing a wig became a habit of the ancient Egyptians, if anyone left hair, will be humiliated and ridiculed by others. This is the reason why everyone wears a beautiful wig in ancient Egyptian murals or papyrus paintings.