Thinking Maps for History Grade 7

Thinking guide applied to junior high school history classroom, can effectively solve the traditional education has been difficult to solve the multifaceted problems. Below I have carefully organized the history 7 grade on the thinking guide, for your reference, I hope you like it!

History 7 grade on the mind map to appreciate History 7th grade (book) knowledge point summary

★ First lesson of the ancient inhabitants of the motherland territory

First, the earliest human beings in our country

1. The earliest known human beings within the territory of our country is the Yuanmou people, about 1.7 million years ago.

2. The fundamental difference between humans and animals is whether they can make tools.

2. Peking Man

Peking Man is about 700,000-200,000 years old, retaining the characteristics of apes, but with a clear division of labor between hands and feet, able to make and use tools, and using beaten stone tools.

★ Lesson 3: The Ancestors of China and Summer

I. The Ancestors of China and Summer? Huangdi and Yandi, the first ancestor of humanity? Huangdi

II. Yao, Shun and Yu's? The first ancestor of humanism?

1. The establishment of the Xia Dynasty marked the beginning of slavery. The slave society in China began in the 21st century BC.

2. Around 2070 BC, Yu established the Xia Dynasty, the first dynasty in China's history. The establishment of the Xia Dynasty marked the establishment of the early state in China.

★ Lesson 4: The Rise and Fall of Xia, Shang, and Western Zhou

I. The Rise and Fall of the Xia Dynasty

1. After Yu's death, he passed on the throne to his son, Kai, so that the hereditary system replaced the system of meditation, ? The family rule was replaced by the family rule. The family world was replaced by the public world. public world?

2. Around 1600 BC, Tang defeated Jie, and Xia destroyed Shangjian. In 1046 BC, Shang and Zhou fought in Muo Ye. Shang extinguished, King Wu established the Zhou Dynasty, set the capital of Hao, also known as Haojing, historically known as the Western Zhou.

II. The feudal system of Western Zhou

1. Purpose: In order to consolidate the rule, Western Zhou practiced the feudal system.

2. Content: The Zhou Emperor divided the land and civilians, slaves, to relatives, meritorious officials, etc., and sealed them as vassals. The vassals had to obey the orders of the Son of Zhou, pay tribute to the Son of Zhou, guard the territory in normal times, and follow the Son of Zhou in war with troops.

3. Role: developed the remote areas, strengthened the rule, and made the Western Zhou a strong state.

★ Lesson 5 Splendid Bronze Civilization

1. At the end of the primitive society, bronze has appeared in China. The Shang Dynasty was a splendid period of bronze culture in China. Famous bronzes include the Simuwu Ding (majestic shape) and the Four Sheep Square Zun (exquisite shape).

2. With the same period of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, China's southwest region of the Chengdu Plain, also prevails a unique bronze culture, which is the world-famous ? Samsungdui? culture. There unearthed bronze masks, large bronze statues, bronze god tree, etc., caused the attention of Chinese and foreign people.

★ Lesson 6: The Strife of Spring and Autumn and Warring States

I. The Spring and Autumn Contest

1. In 770 B.C.E., King Ping of Zhou moved east to Luoyi, which is called the ? Eastern Zhou? The Eastern Zhou was divided into two periods: the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

2. Duke Huan of Qi appointed Guan Zhong as a minister, actively reforming internal affairs and developing production; at the same time, he reformed the military system and formed a powerful army to ? The king was the first to be recognized by the Chinese government in the Spring and Autumn Period. as a command, and gradually became the first hegemon in the Spring and Autumn Period.

3. In the late 7th century BC, Duke Wen of Jin became the hegemon of the Central Plains after the Cheng Pu war between Jin and Chu. A hundred years later, King Zhuang of Chu became the hegemon of the Central Plains.

Second, the seven heroes of the Warring States period

1. The seven heroes of the Warring States period are Qi, Chu, Qin, Yan, Zhao, Wei and Han in the order of southeast, northwest and center.

2. Taking place in 260 BC, the decisive battle between Qin and Zhao was the Battle of Changping. The Battle of Changping made the six eastern states no longer capable of resisting Qin.

★ Lesson 7: The Age of Great Changes

1. The Spring and Autumn Period was a period of disintegration of the slave system in China, and the Warring States Period was a period of formation of the feudal system in China.

2. A revolution in the history of China's agricultural development refers to ox plowing. Cattle plowing: at the latest, used in the late Spring and Autumn, and popularized in the Warring States period. Iron farming tools: appeared in the Spring and Autumn, popularized in the Warring States.

Second, the famous Dujiangyan

During the Warring States period, Li Bing built the Dujiangyan for the state of Qin is a world-famous flood control and irrigation project. The Chengdu Plain became the ? Land of Heavenly Capital?

3. Shang Yang Changed the Law

1. Time and place: 356 BC, the state of Qin.

2. Content: ① The state recognizes private ownership of land and allows free trade. ② Reward for farming and war, those who produce more food and cloth are exempted from corvée service; titles and fields are awarded according to the size of military service, abolishing the privileges of the old nobles who have no military service. ③ The county system was established, and the ruler of the state directly sent officials to govern.

3. Role: After the change of the law by Shang Yang, the economy of Qin was developed, the fighting strength of the army increased, and it developed into the richest and strongest feudal state in the late Warring States period.

★ Lesson 8: The Burgeoning of Chinese Culture (I)

1. The written history of China begins with the Shang Dynasty.

2. The writing carved on tortoise shells or animal bones by the Shang Dynasty is called ? oracle bone writing?

★ Lesson 9: The Burgeoning of Chinese Culture (II)

1. Confucius, a late Spring and Autumn period person whose words were recorded in the Analects, proposed ? Ren? s doctrine and advocated the principle of ? love for others. He was the first person in the world to be a member of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (CELA). The government should be based on virtue. In education, Confucius proposed to teach according to the ability of the students, to learn from the past and to learn from the new, and to learn honestly.

2. Laozi was a man in the late Spring and Autumn period, whose doctrine was recorded in the Tao Te Ching, in which he believed that all things have opposites, and that opposites can be transformed into each other. The Tao Te Ching was compiled by the Taoist school during the Warring States period.

3. Mozi was a man of the Warring States period who advocated ? love and love? and ? non-attack? , against bullying the small and the strong, and in favor of just war.

4. Mencius was a man of the Warring States period who believed that ? There is no righteous war in the Spring and Autumn period. , opposed to all wars. He was against all wars. He advocated a benevolent government. Mencius was a man of the Warring States period who believed that there would be no righteous wars in the Spring and Autumn period and opposed all wars. 5. Han Fei was a man at the end of the Warring States period, advocating reform, opposing empty talk of benevolence and righteousness, and advocating the rule of law.

6. Sun Wu was a person in the late Spring and Autumn period, and wrote the book "The Art of War", whose military thought is: "Knowing the enemy and knowing yourself will not prevent you from fighting a hundred battles". Know the enemy and know yourself and you will not be in danger in a hundred battles.?

★ Lesson 10 ? The King of Qin sweeps the six?

I. Qin's Unification of the Six Kingdoms and the Establishment of Centralized Rule

1. Time of the extermination of the six Kingdoms: From 230 BC to 221 BC, King Ying Zheng of Qin exterminated the six Kingdoms one after another.

2. Establishment of Qin Dynasty: In 221 BC, the first unified and centralized feudal state in the history of China was established? Qin Dynasty and set the capital at Xianyang.

3. Establishment of centralized rule

(1) Purpose: To strengthen the rule of the creation of a centralized system of feudal absolutism.

(2) The supreme ruler was the emperor, and the central government set up a prime minister, a lieutenant, and an imperial historian in charge of administration, military and supervision

(3) The county system was introduced at the local level. (The county system originated from Shang Yang's change of law, and has been used until today)

2. Measures to consolidate the unity of the Qin Dynasty

1. Political: the establishment of the first unified centralized feudal state in the history of our country

2. Economic: the unification of the currency (unified use of round open square holes of copper coins), weights and measures.

3. Cultural: unification of the script (small seal script as the national standard)

4. Ideological: burning books and burying scholars.

5. Militarily: counterattacking the Xiong Nu, building the Great Wall in the north (from Lintao in the west to Liaodong in the east). The south chiseled the Lingqu River and developed the southern border.

6. After the unification of Qin, the county system was introduced at the local level.

★ Lesson 12: The Great Unification of the Han Dynasty

1. Concrete measures for the great unification of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty:

(1) Politically: Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty accepted the advice of the Lord Father Yan and promulgated the ? Pui En Order? which allowed the kings to divide their fiefdoms among their children and establish smaller marquisates, weakening the power of the marquisates;

(2) Ideologically: accepting Dong Zhongshu? Dismiss the hundred schools and revere only the Confucians? s proposal to take Confucianism as the orthodox thought of feudal society, and the dominance of Confucianism in ancient China was thus established.

(3) Militarily: the Huns launched many large-scale counterattacks, basically lifting the threat of the Huns to the northern border counties.

(4) Economically, the right to coin money and the right to operate salt and iron were returned to the central government, and the five-baht coinage was unified.

★ Lesson 15: Han's passage to the West and the Silk Road

I. Zhang Qian's passage to the West

1. Location of the Western Regions: During the Western Han Dynasty, people took the area west of the Yumen Pass and Yangguan Pass in present-day Gansu Province, which is today's Xinjiang region and further afield.

2. Zhang Qian's two visits to the Western Regions:

(1) In 138 BC, Zhang Qian made his first mission to the Western Regions. (Purpose: to contact the Dayuezhi to attack the Xiongnu)

(2) In 119 BC, Zhang Qian made his second mission to the Western Regions. (Purpose: to strengthen friendly exchanges with the countries in the Western Regions)

3. Setting up of the Capital of the Western Regions: In 60 B.C., the Western Han Dynasty set up the Capital of the Western Regions, which was in charge of the affairs of the Western Regions. From then on, the present-day Xinjiang region came under the jurisdiction of the central government and became an inseparable part of China.

4. Silk Road: from Chang'an through the Hexi Corridor, the present Xinjiang region, to West Asia, and then to Europe, this communication between the Middle East and West of the transportation of the main land route is the history of the famous Silk Road. Role: The opening of the Silk Road, the powerful promotion of East-West economic and cultural exchanges, to promote the prosperity of the Han Dynasty had a positive effect.

★ Lesson 16, the flourishing culture of the Qin and Han Dynasties (I)

1. The world's earliest known paper appeared in the early Western Han Dynasty.

2. An important historical figure in the Eastern Han Dynasty who improved the art of papermaking was Cai Lun. Significance: most of the world's papermaking is directly or indirectly transmitted from our country. The invention of papermaking is a great contribution of our people to world culture.

3. Zhang Heng of the Eastern Han Dynasty made the geodesic instrument. Role: to determine the direction of earthquakes. It is the earliest seismic instrument recognized in the world.

4. Hua Tuo of the Eastern Han Dynasty first made ? Ephedrine? , a creation in the history of world medicine. The main work "Five Animal Play".

5. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Zhongjing wrote "Treatise on Typhoid Miscellaneous Diseases". The book describes the theory of Chinese medicine and the principles of treatment. His medical ethics and skills were so high that later generations honored him as ? Sage of Medicine?

★ Seventeenth lesson of the flourishing Qin and Han cultures (2)

1. Buddhism originated in ancient India, the end of the Western Han Dynasty (the end of the 1st century BC) into the Central Plains of China (Zhang Qian through the Western Regions, Buddhism along the Silk Road gradually spread to China). It was widely spread in China during the Eastern Han Dynasty.

2. Taoism is a native religion in China, and Taoism emerged in the folklore during the Eastern Han Dynasty.

3. Sima Qian was a great historian in ancient China, who lived in the era of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty. He wrote "The Records of the Grand Historian", which recounts historical events from the period of the Yellow Emperor to that of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, and is the first chronological general history of China.

4. The sculpture of the Qin and Han Dynasties was of a high artistic level, and its outstanding representative was the Terracotta Warriors of Qin Shi Huang's Mausoleum, which was a sensation in the world.

★ 18th Lesson The Three Kingdoms

1. The Battle of Red Cliff: The Battle of Red Cliff in 208 is a famous battle in the history of our country in which fewer won more. It laid the foundation for the formation of the Three Kingdoms. 2. Formation of the Three Kingdoms: In 220, Cao Pi abrogated Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty and claimed the title of Emperor, with the state name of Wei, and set the capital at Luoyang, which was the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. 221, Liu Bei claimed the title of Emperor in Chengdu, with the state name of Han, which was called Shu. 222, Sun Quan claimed the title of King, with the state name of Wu, and later set the capital at Jianye. 3.

3. Economy of the three kingdoms: Wei emphasized the construction of water conservancy projects and developed agriculture, Shu prospered in silk weaving, Wu developed shipbuilding, and in 230, Sun Quan sent general Wei Wen and other generals to lead an army of more than 10,000 people across the Taiwan Strait to reach Yizhou (i.e. Taiwan).

★ nineteenth lesson in the development of the southern region

1. Western Jin Dynasty was established: 266 years, Sima Yi's grandson, Sima Yan, took the throne, the establishment of the Jin Dynasty, the capital of Luoyang, known as ? Western Jin Dynasty.

2.? Wu Hu? Internal migration: Since the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the northern minorities such as Xiongnu, Xianbei, Capricorn, dizi, and Qiang migrated to China one after another.

3. The demise of the Western Jin Dynasty: In 316, an armed group of in-migrating Xiongnu people destroyed the Western Jin Dynasty.

4. The establishment of the Eastern Jin Dynasty: In the second year of the Western Jin Dynasty's demise (317), Sima Rui rebuilt the Jin Dynasty, known as ? Eastern Jin Dynasty? , with its capital at Jiankang.

5. In the late 4th century, the Former Qin Dynasty was established by the tribesmen. Former Qin King Fu Jian unified the Yellow River Valley by using Han Chinese Wang Mang as the prime minister.

6. Changes in the Southern Dynasty: In 420, general Liu Yu made himself emperor with the state name ? Song? , ending the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Since then, the South experienced four dynasties, Song, Qi, Liang and Chen, collectively known as the ? Southern Dynasty?

7. Development of Jiangnan region

(1) Development time: from the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty

(2) Development reasons:

① Jiangnan region has abundant rainfall, hotter climate, fertile land, with superior conditions for the development of agriculture. (Natural conditions)

② The Jiangnan region was less war-torn, and many people fled to the Jiangnan region to avoid the war in the north. (Social reasons)

③ The southward migration of people from the north brought labor and advanced production technology to the Jiangnan region. (Root causes)

(3) Performance: the construction of many water conservancy projects; a large area of barren land reclaimed as good land; rice paddies began to use green manure, cattle plowing and manure fertilizer has also been promoted; wheat cultivation was extended to the south of the Yangtze River.

(4) Significance: laid the foundation for the southward shift of the center of economic gravity.

★ Lesson 20: The Great Integration of the Peoples of the North

I. The Unification of the North and the Integration of the Peoples

In the late 4th century, a powerful group of Xianbei in the northeast of China established the Northern Wei Dynasty, which, in 439, unified the Yellow River Valley. At that time, people of various ethnic groups lived together for a long time, production and life interacted with each other, and ethnic integration had become a trend.

II. Reform of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty

1. Moving the capital: The Northern Wei Dynasty established its capital at Pingcheng (present-day Datong, Shanxi). The climate was arid and the food supply was insufficient; the location was far north, which was not conducive to the rule of the Central Plains, nor was it conducive to learning and accepting the advanced culture of the Han Chinese. Emperor Xiaowen decided to move the capital to Luoyang.

2. Emperor Xiaowen's reforms included:

① using Chinese language and banning Xianbei language in the court; ② officials and their families had to wear Han Chinese dress; ③ changing Xianbei family names to Han Chinese family names, and changing the royal family from the surname of Tuoyuan to the surname of Yuan; ④ encouraging marriages between Xianbei nobility and Han Chinese nobility; ⑤ adopting the Han Chinese official system, laws and decrees; ⑥ learning Han Chinese etiquette and law, honoring Confucius, ruling the country with filial piety, and advocating respect for the elderly and old age.

3. The role of reform: promote national integration and accelerate the feudalization of the northern peoples.

★ Lesson 21 承上启下的魏晋南北朝文化(一)

1. Zu Chongzhi of the Southern Dynasties was a famous mathematician and astronomer in ancient China, who utilized and developed his predecessor's creation of ? Circumcision? , for the first time in the world, the value of pi was determined as between 3.1415926 and 3.1415927. This result is nearly a thousand years ahead of the world.

2. Jia Si Fo is a famous agronomist in the history of China. The "Essentials of Qi Min" is the first complete work of agricultural science existing in China, and occupies an important position in the history of the world. Qi Min Yao Shu" summarizes the long-term accumulated production experience of the northern people and introduces the production technology and methods of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, by-products and fisheries.

★ Lesson 22: The Culture of Wei, Jin, and North and South Dynasties (II)

1. The Art of Calligraphy:

(1) Calligraphy gradually became an art of the time: the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty.

(2) Evolution: During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, calligraphic fonts were transformed from Seal Script and Clerical Script to Regular Script, and Cursive Script and Running Script gradually became popular.

(3) Sage of Calligraphy: Wang Xizhi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, a master of calligraphy, whose characters are either elegant and fresh, or ? The words are either elegant and fresh, or "floating like floating clouds," or "as if the dragon is shocked". His masterpiece, "Lanting Preface", is the most important piece of calligraphy in the world. The First Running Script in the World? His masterpiece, the Lanting Preface, has the reputation of being the best running script in the world. Wang Xizhi is known as the Sage of Calligraphy. The Sage of Calligraphy.

Second, painting: the Wei Jin and North and South Dynasties, painting art has a greater development, the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Gu Kaizhi is the most outstanding, masterpieces are the "Women's History", "Luoshen Fu Tu"

Third, the cave art: in order to publicize the Buddhist, the rulers of the Northern Dynasties to excavate grottoes, carving and manufacturing of statues of the Buddha. The Yungang Grottoes near Pingcheng in Datong, Shanxi Province, and the Longmen Grottoes near Luoyang, Henan Province, are two famous grottoes.

seventh grade history book of the motherland within the original inhabitants of the key points

1, the earliest known human beings within the territory of China is (Yuanmou) people, about (1.7) million years ago.

2, (Shanding Caveman) has been artificial fire.

3. (Shandengdong people) mastered the technology of polishing and drilling, and also made bone needles.

4. The use of (fire) enhanced people's ability to adapt to nature and was a major advance in human evolution.

5. Humans evolved from ancient (apes), and whether they can (make tools) is the fundamental difference between humans and animals.

6, a brief answer to the caveman than Peking man what progress?

①. Peking Man retains some of the characteristics of apes, while the caveman is basically the same as modern man.

②. Peking Man could only make rough stone tools, while Shanding Cave Man had mastered the techniques of polishing and drilling.

③. The Peking Man could only use natural fire, while the Peak Cave Man had already mastered artificial fire.

④. The Peking Man lived in groups, while the Peak Cave Man lived in clans united by blood ties.