Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional culture - What is the evolution of China's ancient local administrative system?
What is the evolution of China's ancient local administrative system?
2, the Han Dynasty implemented a system of "counties and states", and then sealed twenty marquis, marquisate equivalent to the county. The "Tang Mu Yi" (汤沐邑) was granted to queens and princesses, which was equivalent to a small county. During the Han Dynasty, the states began to be formed: the central government sent the prime minister to "inspect" the localities and divided the country into thirteen states. After the middle of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the ministers centralized military, financial, personnel, and administrative powers in a single body, and developed from mere inspectors to administrators with total control of local power.
3, Wei Jin and North and South Dynasties administrative system, the Southern Dynasties, Governor jurisdiction over two states or more than two states, the formation of the "Governor District" (the Northern Dynasties called the "Governor") so that in the state counties and counties on top of the Governor State, the formation of the Governor State, the state, counties, counties, and the four levels of the establishment. The system was established.
4, the Sui and Tang dynasties, the state, the county two to the road, the state, the county three levels of evolution, the Tang dynasty, according to the size of the jurisdiction, the status of the importance of the population, the economic level of the high and low, is divided into "auxiliary, Xiong, Wang, tight, on, in, under" seven and so on.
The formation of the Tang Dynasty "Road" in the Old Tang Book - Geography:? The first year of Zhenguan? Beginning of the mountains and rivers shape, divided into ten Road, one said Guannei Road, two said Henan Road, three said Hedong Road, four said Hebei Road, five said Shannan Road, six said Longyou Road, seven said Huainan Road, eight said Jiangnan Road, nine said Jiannan Road, ten said Lingnan Road. To thirteen years (ZhenGuan) fixed book where the state government three hundred and fifty-eight, county one thousand five hundred and fifty-one? Kaiyuan twenty-one years for the world's fifteen Road, each Road to set interviews to prosecute illegal, such as the Han assassin's office." Later on, each road became a town with several states under its jurisdiction, and the provincial governors gradually evolved into local warlords.
5, Song Dynasty, 1, administrative structure: "road, state (prefecture, military, supervision), county" three-tier system.
There were two types of states in the Song Dynasty: the first was divided into six levels: the Governor's State, the Sectional State, the Observation State, the Defense State, the Regimental State, and the Assassin's State.
The second, divided into eight ranks of auxiliary, Xiong, Wang, Tight, upper, middle, (middle and lower), and lower states. The government, army and supervision of the Song Dynasty
There were at most 37 governments in the Northern Song Dynasty (Jingfu and Zifu), and 34 governments in the Southern Song Dynasty (Song Shi - Geography Zhi). The so-called "land is not a state and when the Jinhui place, then the army". The army and the government, state, supervision is the same level. Supervisors were set up in places where metallurgy was practiced, money was minted, salt was produced, and horses were herded. (Prefectures: chi, gui, wang, tight, upper, middle, (middle-lower), lower .)
6, Yuan, Ming, and Qing province system, province system originated from the system of the guan-tai since the Wei and Jin dynasties.
The Yuan dynasty provinces were "in charge of state affairs, counties, towns and borders", and "all money and grain, military and armor, cantonment, transportation, military and state affairs, all of which were led by them". (In general, there were two ministers, one of whom was a prime minister, and one of whom was a minister.) Ming Dynasty, three divisions separate provincial system: Chengxuan Buzhengji (Buzhengji Division), all commanding generals, mentioning the criminal investigation division, three divisions is both the name of the official government, but also the name of the provincial level of civil affairs, military, supervision of the three zones. After the twenty-fifth year of Qianlong, the country identified as 8 Governor 15 Governor.
Local administrative system under the provincial system Yuan dynasty: road, province, state, county and so on. The Ming dynasty has the government (state), county. Qing dynasty government, hall, state, county.
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