How to solve the problem of enterprise inventory management?

At present, there are many inventory management strategies adopted by enterprises: EOQ inventory management (menstrual order batch), JIT inventory management (just-in-time system), multi-variety joint procurement method, supplier management inventory strategy and so on. Each kind has its own specific use occasion, which should be used in combination with the actual situation of the company. ?

(1) Implement ABC inventory control for inventory items?

This method can clearly classify and highlight the key points, which is an appropriate follow-up management. ABC inventory control method is to divide the importance of goods according to the price of goods in stock and take different management measures respectively. The classification of ABC can refer to the following table:

Class A items are the key objects of inventory control, which need accurate inventory records and inventory in strict accordance with the inventory cycle of items.

Point, check its quantity and quality, and formulate irregular inspection system, closely monitor the use and storage of such items. It is a very important resource, and the increase or decrease has a great influence on the total inventory. Adopt the strategy of improving the turnover efficiency of class A goods for management. In addition, try to reduce the inventory of Class A items and take the order cycle quantity. For C-class commodities, because it has little impact on the total amount of funds, extensive management can be adopted for such commodities, but at the same time, the implementation of the plan should be prevented from being affected by quantity and quality. General daily management is mainly aimed at class B materials belonging to class A and class C ...

(2) Take different inventory control for different materials.

1. For items with stable consumption and constant order quantity, we adopt quantitative inventory control to control the quantity of items in stock. This method is mainly aimed at projects with stable consumption and long procurement cycle in the company. When the inventory quantity drops to a certain inventory value, immediately take the method of replenishing inventory to ensure the supply of inventory. This control method must continuously check the inventory of inventory items.

2. We take regular inventory control for stable consumption and unimportant independent items. The conventional road village control mode is to check the inventory according to a certain period T and replenish the inventory to a specified inventory S at any time. This inventory control mode has no fixed ordering point, but a fixed ordering period. There is no fixed order quantity for each order, but according to the comparison between the current inventory I and the specified inventory S, the supplementary quantity is Q=S-I, but due to the lead time of the order, the consumption of the order needs to be added in advance. This inventory method should also set up a safety inventory. Conventional inventory control methods can also simplify the workload of inventory control, but because of the instability of inventory consumption, there is a risk of shortage, so it can only be used to stabilize consumption and inventory control of unimportant items. ?

(3) Inventory material management information analysis?

Analyze the information of inventory materials from many angles, such as the daily business data analysis of materials in and out of storage, the analysis of funds occupied by materials, the analysis of materials' source and destination, and the analysis of materials' classification and composition. , and can analyze all kinds of inventory management indicators, and play a supervisory and promoting role in the inventory management of enterprises. ?

The inventory management system comprehensively controls and manages the warehousing, warehousing, moving and counting of inventory items, and helps the warehouse managers of enterprises to manage inventory items, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing inventory, reducing capital occupation, eliminating material backlog and shortage, improving service level and ensuring the smooth progress of production and business activities. The inventory management subsystem consists of levels, categories, locations and batches. Manage the inventory quantity, inventory cost and capital occupation from different angles, such as single piece and ABC classification, so that users can know and master the accurate data of inventory business in time. Manage the close data between inventory management subsystem and procurement, production, sales, cost and general ledger subsystem. ?

(D) Pay attention to ways to reduce inventory costs?

Although a large number of stocks must exist, not all of them can play a role in time to meet the needs of production or delivery. For enterprises, inventory in transit, sluggish (unsalable) inventory, reserved inventory (deliverable orders cannot be delivered for other reasons), work in process or items to be inspected are all unavailable inventory. One of the goals of inventory management is to improve the ratio of available inventory to total inventory.

It is usually reduced in the following ways:

1. Inventory in transit. Shorten delivery and transportation time: shorten the transportation time from suppliers to enterprises as much as possible, and the management of this time has a great influence on the inventory in transit of enterprises. Generally speaking, products with high value, small size and light weight will give priority to air transportation, and sea transportation is a common mode of transportation. However, it is necessary to carefully compare the impact of shortening transportation time on inventory and even inventory cost and the impact of transportation cost, and choose the appropriate transportation mode, otherwise the overall optimization will not be achieved. It takes a long time and a long distance for the goods to leave the supplier's factory and actually arrive at the enterprise warehouse. In this process, the later the commodity ownership is handed over to the enterprise and the longer the payment period, the less risks and expenses the enterprise needs to bear. ?

2. Reserve inventory. Controlling the batch delivery of orders can greatly reduce the inventory level for customers, but it is very stressful for suppliers. Therefore, enterprises must strictly control such orders and provide customers with batch delivery services when really necessary. Check the reserved inventory regularly, strengthen communication with sales department, finance department and customers, and eliminate the reasons caused by payment and customer project delay as soon as possible. ?

(5) Zero inventory management?

Zero inventory management is an inventory cost control system implemented in coordination with just-in-time production. Just-in-time production advocates "production only when needed", so the whole production process is demand-driven, and its basic guiding ideology is to organize production only when customers need it. The customer not only refers to the supply object of the final product of the enterprise, but also includes every link in the whole enterprise product manufacturing process. Under JIT production mode, the manufacturing process of products is regarded as a complete supply and demand chain, and the next production link is the customer of the previous production link, and each production and supply activity is to meet the demand of the next link. In this way, the production signal is the customer's requirement; The control of all kinds of materials can be realized by simple and eye-catching automatic control, without traditional account book records or reports and documents. The responsibility of monitoring the production process and product quality is no longer the production scheduling and quality supervision department, but is directly carried out by the workers in the production line at any time. It should be emphasized that zero inventory management does not require absolute zero inventory, but advocates an idea: reduce inventory as much as possible. The better the JIT production is performed, the closer the inventory activity is to zero. ?

How do enterprises realize zero inventory?

1. Cooperative subcontracting method?

Collaborative subcontracting is mainly an industrial structure adopted by manufacturing enterprises. This structure can make the supply inventory of the main enterprise zero through the flexible production of several subcontractors. At the same time, the centralized sales inventory of the main enterprise makes the sales inventory of some subcontracting services and sales enterprises zero.

2. Rotation mode?

Rotation mode, also known as synchronous mode, is a form of zero inventory and zero reserve. Under the premise of careful system design, the speed of each link is completely coordinated, thus completely canceling even the temporary stagnation between stations. This way is based on the production of conveyor belt, which is formed by a larger extension. It synchronizes production and material supply, and realizes zero inventory through conveying system supply. ?

3.JIT supply system?

It is not only a very difficult system engineering, but also requires a lot of investment to completely rotate between production stations or between supply and production. At the same time, some industries are not suitable for rotation. Therefore, the punctual mode, which is more flexible and easier to realize than the rotating mode, should be widely adopted.

Just-in-time mode does not adopt a rotating system similar to a conveyor belt, but relies on effective connection and planning to realize the coordination between stations and between supply and production, thus realizing zero inventory. If the rotation mode mainly depends on "hardware", then the JIT supply system depends largely on "software". ?

4. Kanban mode?

Kanban, also known as calling card system or card system, was first adopted by Toyota Company of Japan. In every process of an enterprise, or between a manufacturer and a supplier, a card with a fixed format is used as a voucher, and the next link specifies the supply of the previous link according to its own rhythm and the direction of the production process, so as to coordinate the relationship and achieve timely synchronization. Using kanban method, the supply inventory can achieve zero inventory. ?

5. Faucet mode

The faucet mode is zero inventory mode, just like the faucet that turns on the water pipe, you can take water without keeping your own inventory. This was first adopted by Sony Corporation of Japan. After a certain period of evolution, this method has developed into an instant supply system. Users can ask for it at any time and buy as much as they need. Suppliers assume the responsibility of immediate supply with their own inventory and effective supply system, so that users can realize zero inventory. ?

6. entrusted custody method?

Entrusted by the user, the trustee will store the materials owned by the user, so that the user can no longer keep the inventory, or even reserve the inventory, thus realizing zero inventory. The trustee collects a certain amount of custody fee. The advantage of this form of zero inventory is that the trustee can make use of its own professional advantages to realize high-level and low-cost inventory management, so that users no longer set up warehouses, and at the same time reduce a lot of warehouse and inventory management affairs and concentrate on production and operation. However, this zero inventory method is mainly realized through inventory allocation, and it does not reduce the total inventory. Japanese Miyayama Pharmaceutical Company and China Tianjin Communication and Broadcasting Equipment Company have achieved zero inventory in this way.