Among the ancient buildings in China, according to the characteristics of the times, what are the characteristics of Song architecture?

architecture in the song dynasty generally refers to the architecture in the northern and southern song dynasties during the song dynasty from 96 to 1279, which, like previous dynasties, inherited the architectural tradition of the previous dynasty. The development of economy, handicraft industry and science and technology in Song Dynasty made the architects, carpenters, technicians, engineers, bucket system, architectural structure and modeling technology in Song Dynasty reach a high level. The architectural style is becoming more and more systematic and modular, and the buildings gradually appear free and changeable combinations, and bloom with a mature style and a more professional appearance. In order to enhance the indoor space and daylighting, the column reduction method and the column shifting method were adopted, which increased the number of floors of the huge bucket arches on the beams and columns, and even appeared the irregular beam-column layout form, which jumped out of the neat pattern of beam-column layout in the Tang Dynasty. There are various types of buildings in Song Dynasty, among which the outstanding buildings are pagodas, stone bridges, wooden bridges, gardens, imperial tombs and palaces. Because the garden design that pays attention to artistic conception deliberately pursues the artistic conception of combining natural beauty with artificial beauty, the architecture of this period has changed the vigorous characteristics of the Tang Dynasty. The roof and corner of the building tend to tilt, which is not like the rich style of the Tang Dynasty, giving people a gentle feeling. Paint is widely used, which makes the color stand out. The changes of carving and painting in window lattice, beam column and stone pedestal are very rich, and the shape of columns is even more varied. Song Dynasty was one of the most powerful dynasties in ancient China. It developed in politics, economy, culture, handicrafts and commerce, and made great progress in science and technology, which made the architectural level of Song Dynasty reach a new height. During this period, the civil class grew, and the architecture in Song Dynasty changed the vigorous characteristics of Tang Dynasty, and became slim and beautiful, paying attention to decoration. In the Song Dynasty, the city formed the layout of setting up shops along the street and forming streets by lines, and the buildings of urban fire protection, transportation, shops, bridges and so on all had new development. Bianliang (now Kaifeng, Henan Province), the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, completely presents the face of a commercial city. During this period, large-scale buildings were no longer built in all parts of China, and only the spatial level in the direction of deepening was strengthened in terms of architectural combination to set off the main building and vigorously develop architectural decoration and color. The main hall and the fishpond flying beam located in Jinci, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province are typical buildings in the Song Dynasty. The level of masonry buildings in the Song Dynasty was constantly improving. At this time, the masonry buildings were mainly pagodas and bridges. Lingyin Temple Tower in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, Fanta in Kaifeng, Henan Province and Yongtong Bridge in Zhao County, Hebei Province are all examples of masonry buildings in the Song Dynasty. The wood structure building adopts the modular system and the quantity quota system with "material" as the standard, which makes the architectural design and construction standardized to a certain extent. In the Song Dynasty, China's economy and society developed to a certain extent, and gardens with artistic conception began to rise during this period. The classical gardens in China focus on freehand brushwork, integrating natural beauty with artificial beauty, and expressing a certain artistic realm with architecture and artificially built household landscapes, rocks, flowers and trees. The representative gardens in Song Dynasty include Canglang Pavilion in Su Shunqin and Sima Guang's Paradise. In Song Dynasty, the specification book "Building French Style" about architectural design and construction was issued, which is a perfect monograph on architectural technology. The publication of this book reflects that during this period, China architecture has reached a new level in engineering technology and construction management.