Changes in the Economic Structure of Modern China

First, the gradual disintegration of the natural economy

(1) Separate China families from weaving, weaving and farming.

China family cotton textile industry "spinning" and "weaving" separation. It also separates the "weaving" and "ploughing" of farmers in China. Individual agriculture was separated from family handicrafts, and a large number of farmers and craftsmen went bankrupt.

(2) Agricultural and sideline products in China are increasingly commercialized.

The great powers manipulated the silk and tea market in China, making the silk and tea production in China subordinate to the needs of the international market and increasingly commercialized.

Second, the Westernization Movement

(1) veteran military industry.

There are mainly Anqing Inner Ordnance Institute founded by Zeng Guofan, Jiangnan Manufacturing General Administration founded by Li Hongzhang, Fuzhou Shipping Bureau founded by Zuo, and Tianjin Machine Manufacturing Bureau founded by Manchu aristocrats Chonghou.

(2) Establish civil industry.

There are mainly ship investment promotion bureau and Kaiping coal mine founded by Li Hongzhang, Hanyang iron works founded by Zhang Zhidong and Hubei weaving layout.

(3) Planning coastal defense, and initially building three navies: Beiyang, Nanyang and Fujian.

(4) Establishing new schools and sending overseas students abroad set a precedent for modern education.