Have other minorities been discovered in China? What are the names?

No. But there are many unrecognized ethnic groups in China

1, the Mang People

The Mang People are an ethnic group that has not yet been identified, with a population of 82 households and 568 people in 1985, living in four villages, namely, Nanchenxinzhai, Pinghezhongzhai, Xiazhai, and Leigongdaoniu, in Mengla, Jinping County, Yunnan Province, in a high mountainous area of forests and turnip forests. The Mang people call themselves "Mang", and others call themselves "Abi", "Manga", "Bagran", "Mangdijao", etc., "Mang" (or "Mu", "Meng") has the meaning of "man" or "people". The word "Mang" (or "Mu" or "Meng") has the meaning of "people" or "people's". "Fork Man" is the local Dai and Han name for them, meaning "people on the mountains". The Mang people are all very short, 1-60 meters even if they are tall.

Mang people's language belongs to what language so far failed to determine, but from the general daily use of language, with the obvious tongue sound, and because of the Dai longer and mixed with some Dai words. The Mang people do not have writing, carving wood, knotting rope to remember things, the phenomenon of calculating by corn can be seen everywhere.

The status of parents in a Mang family is not equal, with the external father being the plenipotentiary and the mother being the decision-maker in charge of household affairs. Both men and women have the right to inherit property. After the children become a family, usually under the auspices of the uncle separated from the family to set up their own households, parents mostly live with their youngest son, but no matter separated or living with the children, have *** with the responsibility of supporting the elderly. Non-married children and married children have the same status.

The rice pestle cannot be sat on, the old rice pestle can only be left to rot, it cannot be burned as firewood or moved to other uses, and people from different clans cannot **** use a rice pestle. Green plants cannot be brought into the main hall house. Early rice is harvested first by women and eaten for three meals before it is officially harvested and eaten by men. Pigs, chickens and dogs cannot be killed in front of the house. Women are not allowed to sit or sleep in the bed of the head of the family, and daughters-in-law are not allowed to eat at the same table with their father-in-law and brother-in-law. Meat cannot be cooked in the fire pit where ancestors are worshipped. The place where the ancestors died and the pestle and mortar cannot be placed with red and white cloths, raw pigs, chickens and other sundry things. Hunted muntjac can only be cooked and eaten outside the house, and women are not allowed to eat it. Each clan is forbidden to eat and use totem objects.

Festivals, religious beliefs

The Mang people divide the year into 13 months, January to December 30 days a month, 13 months is the celebration of the harvest and the "number of the land", the whole time, 5 to 7 days. The 13th month is a time for celebrating the harvest and the "land numbering" and "land preparation", which lasts 5 to 7 days. The days are counted according to the 12 phases of the Han Chinese. The thirteenth month, in addition to the "number of land", to avoid the date of the New Year pig, in addition to the members of the clan but also feast guests and friends, eating and talking, singing and dancing, all night long. When sending guests, the host family with a piece of pork weighing one or two kilograms to the guests. Also had a Spring Festival Water Festival, June Festival, October Year, but just do a little bit of good food, family reunion only.

The Mang people believe that "the soul is immortal" and that any object in the world has a "soul". The "soul" is responsible for all things in the world, and therefore the ancestors and various nature spirits are especially honored.

Marriage, funeral customs

Mang people practiced monogamy, pre-marital social freedom, every night, the young men outside the house blowing a kind of short bamboo tube made of "Thur" to the girl to pass on the love, if the girl is interested in, that is, the young man access to the home, while talking and singing. Through several interactions, such as the two sides of love, the man will ask the matchmaker to carry 15 kilograms of rice and squirrel jerky to the woman's home to propose marriage. Female parents agree to accept the gifts, do not agree to call the matchmaker to bring back the original. Gifts received, agreed on the date of marriage and from the husband or from the wife to live in the way of marriage. From the wife to live without bride price, from the husband to live with a certain amount of rice, meat, wine, silver dollars as a bride price. On the wedding day, the man's family banquets guests (from the wife to live with the female side of the banquet), the groom accompanied by the matchmaker to the woman's home to meet the bride, into the home shall not go through the front door, the woman's home to wine and feast, the two sides of the matchmakers sang songs of joy to each other. According to the principle that children take their parents' names and are each part of a clan, the daughter of a brother and the son of a sister can intermarry, which is partly true of the Bujia family to this day. Because both parties already know each other very well before marriage, there are generally no divorces. Widows can remarry, but not only can not take away the property of the husband's family, but also to send a "compensation gift" to the original husband's family. If there is a violation of the provisions of the same clan not to intermarry, will be regarded as a dog or pig, must be kneeling in front of the pig food trough to eat pig food, to the God of Thunder and ancestors repentance, and then leave the village to the uninhabited forest to go to the hermitage.

People die with red thread tie feet, to white cloth covering the whole body, and then use the whole piece of wood hollowed out round wooden coffin, coffin wood can not use the new cut, the older the better. After two days of stopping the coffin at home, the funeral by the back door. Each family has a public **** cemetery near the village. Within nine days after the burial, on the first night of every third day, the family must offer prayers at the grave. Murdered people cannot be buried in the public **** graveyard. Forests are widely planted around the graveyard and are called ancestor trees. It is forbidden to pile up soil and dig in the cemetery, and it is forbidden to blow up stones or cut down trees. Returning from the funeral, everyone should take a bath and clean themselves, and family members should cut off a lock of hair on the head.

Costumes and Houses

The costumes of the Mang people are similar to those of the Dai. Men used to wear earrings, which are rare today. Men's and women's tops are short and thin, with narrow sleeves close to the skin, no collar, and silver buttons on the lapel. Men wear big tube pants with buttoned crotch, women wear tube skirt, and a piece of cloth called "spring" is tied around between the skirt, similar to the waist of other ethnic groups. Both men and women wrap their calves during labor. Women wear their hair long and in high buns, with animal bones as hairpins, red headbands, and decorations of sea shells, animal bones and beads of various colors, and red cloth and red threads around the edges of their garments. Men also keep their hair long and tie it in a knot at the back of the head, but nowadays most of them have cut their hair short. In the old days, both men and women had the habit of tattooing their faces around their mouths, which is still vaguely visible among a few elderly people. Women like to chew betel nut to color their teeth.

The Mang people's housing is generally earth, wood, bamboo construction of grass-roofed buildings. People live upstairs, and downstairs they pile up firewood and weeds and raise livestock. The size of the house depends on the population. The middle room is a hall, with a number of "fire pits" for different purposes, some of which are dedicated to ancestors, some of which are for parents to discuss hospitality, some of which are for women to talk and do needlework, and some of which are for cooking. On the left and right sides are the family's bedrooms and warehouses. The bedrooms do not have beds, and people sleep directly on the bamboo fence.

Dengren

Mainly distributed in southeast Tibet Tsatsumi around the Equ, Tsatsumiqu, Gedoqu and Dulequ basins. By December 1995, the population*** was 1,494 people. The Deng people have their own language, belongs to the Tibet-Burma language family of the Chinese-Tibetan language family. The Dens speak two languages, each with its own name. Speaking Dajang words of the Deng people call themselves "Dajang", speak Geman words of the Deng people call themselves "Ge". In some areas of Chasum, the general use of Dajang language. The Deng people do not have writing, mostly use the knotting rope and carve wood to remember the method. Normally, they do not have the habit of remembering the year, month and day, so they do not have the habit of remembering their age and birthday. The Deng people are mainly engaged in agriculture and feeding. The clothing of the Deng people is that men generally wear long sleeveless clothes (up to below the hips), women wear short tops with sleeves (only covering the chest) and skirts, and both men and women use large shawls (about one meter wide, about three meters long for men and two meters long for women, which can be used as a quilt cover) and satchels. Staple food materials for jade rice, chicken claw grain, barley, wheat. Food processing uses bamboo dustpans and wooden reefs. Water use a few sections of long thick bamboo tube. Boiling water also uses bamboo tubes, bamboo bowls are made of thick bamboo sections slightly cut into. Bamboo bowls are made of thick bamboo nodes that are slightly cut. People also use thin bamboo gimlets to make bamboo bowls, which are made of fine bamboo and can be used to hold thin rice. Both men and women are addicted to alcohol and tobacco. They live in long houses with no windows. This kind of long house has a certain distance from the ground, similar to the train's hard seat sleeper car. The walls and floors are made of woven bamboo or covered with wooden boards. The marriage customs of the Deng people are mainly monogamous under patriarchal authority, and there are also a considerable number of polygamous husbands, but there is no phenomenon of polygamy. Funeral, fire, earth burial of two kinds, taboo water burial. It is believed that the dead thrown into the water, the whole family will not go well. Deng people have many taboos, the main ones are: when cooking wine, outsiders are not allowed to enter the home. After the death of a person, in addition to the name of the deceased shall not be mentioned, a certain period of time, the same family members do not labor, in order to show condolences and beg for a good year. Otherwise, it is believed that people will suffer and the land will be less productive. In general, after the death of men, stop labor for 11 days, after the death of women, stop labor for 10 days, taboo touching the human body or across the human leg, taboo anyone sitting under or near the animal head, also not allowed to hang anything above the pile of animal heads. It is not permitted to lean sticks, umbrellas, or other things against the posts. Guests from afar, Sherpas

The Sherpas mainly live in Lixin Commune (including Xuebugang) at Zhangmu Crossing on the Sino-Nepal border and Chentang District in Dingjie County. The population living in our territory is more than 1,200." Sherpa" means "Easterner" in Tibetan.

The Sherpa people have their own language, no writing, general Tibetan. Lixin Village Sherpa language, its grammatical structure is basically the same as the Tibetan language; Chentang Sherpa language is more mixed, both Tibetan, Nyi, and native language. The Sherpas have only first names, not surnames, and their names are similar to those of Tibetans, but they do not bear house names. There are castes. Lixin Village Sherpa caste has five kinds, namely, Serpa, Garza, Saragha, eggplant, Umba. Chentang is divided into two kinds, namely, Tigawa, from Bawa.

Sharpa men wear wool woven white short-sleeved jacket, black wool along the edge, called "Pudu". Waist inserted a called "fruit Ben" crescent-shaped machete; women wear brightly colored long-sleeved shirt, lower body around a flower skirt, outside the cover of a handmade white woolen shoulders, called "Pardo", comb a long braid with red spikes, but also like to wear gold and jade earrings. They can sing and dance well, the music tune is melodious and elegant, the dance action is very similar to some folk dances in Nepal and Pakistan. Whenever a festival or a happy event, all the family to get together, while drinking, while singing and dancing, often all night long.

The Sherpa people live close to the Himalayas, at an altitude of nearly 5,000 meters. Their long life in the mountains has shaped the Sherpas' innate talent for mountaineering, and they have gradually become known around the world as Everest guides. Since 1921, when they were hired by the British team for alpine transportation, it has become a tradition to hire Sherpas to climb the mountain. Every year when climbing Mount Everest, the largest mountaineering team as "allies" to convene teams from various countries, money, materials, Sherpas are invited to go up to the mountain first to build the "road". Sherpa in the absence of any equipment, at the risk of their lives, set up a full length of 7,000 meters to 8,000 meters of safety rope. They carry the road rope to climb to the high places, the end of the rope with an ice pick fixed into the Millennium Rock Ice, hanging down the rope, you can play a guide, auxiliary climbing and to a certain extent to protect the safety of the role of the players.

1, faith

Sharpa people believe in Tibetan Buddhism, Lixin and Chentang each have a temple, the name of the Gonpa Saba and Lagang, the vast majority of people believe in the Sakya and Kagyu school, also believe in Gelugpa and Nyingmapai. Sakya and Kagyu followers can get married at home, do not live in the temple, cultivate the temple land, they just take turns to go to the temple to burn incense, make offerings and recite sutras. They take Buddhist rules as their code of conduct, and lamas enjoy a special status among the Sherpas. They also worship ghosts and believe in astrology, and all major moves are first divined and then decided.

2, funeral

If a loved one dies, the lama should be invited to recite the sutra, and then held cremation and burial. Adults die in a special wooden box, sent to the cremation of the place frame firewood burial, two or three days after the burial to take a small amount of ashes scattered into the river, the rest of the part of the stone base cover; children die, the body tied into a fetus-shaped, stored in the cliffs of the stone caves or tree holes, a long time into the body wax.

Life customs

Sharpa people's life customs by the natural environment and traditional culture, part of the same with the Tibetans, more colorful and distinctive.

1, food

The staple food is corn, rice, tsampa, followed by dry flat rice, potatoes, noodles, oil cake and so on. Sherpa love to drink ghee tea, sweet tea, "Balu" (corn wine), barley wine, yogurt and soju. They like cooked food, do not eat raw meat, with fried vegetables to accompany food. Vegetables favorite consumption of potatoes, nettles (a perennial herb, stems and leaves with fine hairs, skin contact can cause stinging, and even swelling, intolerable), eggs, beef and lamb and a small animal similar to toad. They do not eat fish, dogs or veal, and are not in the habit of feeding pigs, but eat pork. They do not kill cattle, and most of the beef eaten is meat from death by fall or disease, a custom which may be connected with that of the neighboring Nepalese. Corn is a common staple food, one can do "Gongze", is half-dry corn paste; one can do "Balu", is corn wine. In the past, the whole family used to eat with their hands in rice pots and vegetable pots. Now many people in the territory have gradually used chopsticks and bowls. Stir fry is very concerned about the spices, with cumin, chili, onions, garlic and curry powder, especially chili, cumin for indispensable condiments, most of these spices are crushed with a wooden punch or mortar, dipped in vegetables or rice balls to eat.

Must enter the main door, no back door allowed.