Names and pictures of all ancient Chinese musical instruments

Guqin

The qin was invented in the age of Fuxi (Fuxi reigned 2400 BC-2370 BC, see wikipedia entry "Three Emperors and Five Emperors Chronology"), for the five-stringed zither, or Shennong (2370 BC-2338 BC) made (Ancient History of the Examiner: Fuxi made the qin and the serpent. Program Jian Yi Zhi Lu: Fuxi hacked tung for the piano, rope for the strings; well-rope mulberry for the serpent. The Emperor's Century: Shennong began to make five-stringed zither, to have Gong Shang Angle Zheng Yu voice. (After nine generations to the king of wen, and increase its two strings, said less palace, less business.) The location of the invention of the qin in today's west Henan and east Henan region (Fuxi's capital in today's Henan Huaiyang, Shennong's capital in today's Shandong Qufu).

The ancients said, "Among the eight tones, only the strings are the most, and the qin is the first", "Among all the instruments, the qin is the best in terms of virtue", and this word qin refers to the ancient qin. "The qin person rely on the sound of heaven and earth", "through the gods, frighten the ghosts and gods", "thus gourd Ba drum qin, flying birds flying set, abyssal fish out of the hearing; Shi Kuang drum qin, six horses back to feed, Xuan Crane extended neck" ..... Almost all ancient stories about music come from the guqin. The guqin has a very wide range of artistic expression, clear, simple, mellow and extremely rich in penetration and texture, so its realm of expression is very wide: the faint and distant "Pingsha Falling Geese", elegant and pure "Plum Blossom Three Lane", leisurely and soothing "Fishermen and Woodcutters Q & A", strong and rough "Guangling San", mournful and sorrowful "Changmen Grievance", the majestic "Running Water", there is almost nothing that can not be expressed on the guqin. The Guqin is the most powerful instrument in the world, and it is the most powerful instrument in the world.

Thur

Thur has a very long origin and accounts for the largest proportion of stringed instruments found in archaeology. It is unearthed in Hubei, Hunan and Henan provinces, and the vast majority from the Eastern Zhou Chu tombs. Other provinces such as Jiangsu, Anhui, Shandong and Liaoning, only a little sporadic discovery.

Thur, shaped like a zither, there are 25 strings, the thickness of the strings are different, each string has a column, according to the pentatonic scale of strings. The earliest of the serpent has fifty strings, so it is also known as "fifty strings".

Drums

Drums appeared earlier, from the excavated artifacts found today, it can be determined that the drums have a history of about 4,500 years (to the Shanxi Xiangfen Taosi site of the drums unearthed in the early tombs, for example). In ancient times, the drum was not only used for rituals, music and dance, it was also used to fight enemies, drive away ferocious beasts, and was a tool for chiming the time and alarm. With the development of society, the drum has a wider range of applications, national bands, all kinds of drama, opera, song and dance, lion dance, boat races, festive gatherings, labor competitions and so on are inseparable from the drum instruments. The structure of the drum is relatively simple, is composed of two parts: the drum skin and the drum body. Drum skin is the drum's sound body, usually with animal leather masked on the drum frame, after beating or tapping to make it vibrate and sound. There are many varieties of drums in China, including waist drums, big drums, same drums, flower pot drums and so on.

The so-called "drum qin and sepals" in ancient literature means that before the qin and sepals are played, the sound of the drums serves as a guide. The cultural connotation of the drum is vast and profound, the majestic drums are closely accompanied by human beings, the ancient barbaric step by step towards civilization.

Sheng

Sheng, anciently known as Lusha, is a reed instrument originating from China, and is the world's earliest instrument to use free reeds to produce sound by means of reeds in each tube, is the only harmonic instrument among wind instruments, and is also the only instrument that can be blown and sucked to produce sound, with a clear and translucent tone, a wide range of sound, and a strong contagious power. In traditional instrumental music and kunqu, the sheng is often used as an accompaniment to other wind instruments such as the flute and suona, adding pure fourths or fifths to the melody. In modern Chinese orchestras, the sheng can play the role of melody or accompaniment.

The shape of the sheng is various, and its sound is bright and rich, rich in local characteristics, and it is often used in the accompaniment of lusheng dance and the ensemble of lusheng band. After the reform, it has been used in the national orchestra, and it can be used for solo, heavy or ensemble playing, with rich expressive power.

Ocarina

Ocarina in ancient times is a kind of blowing musical instrument made of fired clay, round or oval, with six holes. Ocarina originated in the Han ancestors of labor production activities related to the first may be the ancestors to imitate the birds and animals called and made to trap prey. Later with the social progress and evolved into a simple musical instrument, and gradually increase the sound hole, developed into a melodic instrument can play tunes.

Initially, ocarinas were mostly made of stone and bone, and later developed into pottery, and there are various shapes, such as flat round, oval, spherical, fish-shaped and pear-shaped, etc., of which the pear-shaped is the most common. The ocarina has a mouthpiece at the upper end, a flat bottom and sound holes in the side walls. The ocarina went through a long stage, about four or five thousand years ago, the ocarina developed from one tone hole to two tone holes, and was able to play three tones.

The flute

The flute is one of the most distinctive wind instruments in China. 16 vertical bone flutes (made of bird and fowl limb bones) were excavated from the early Neolithic site of East Lake Village, Maoyang County, Henan Province, in May 1986, which is more than 8,000 years old according to the determination. Vertically blown, with tone holes ranging from five to eight, most of which are seven-hole flutes, they have roughly the same scale as the Chinese tradition we are familiar with.

The xiao

The history of the xiao can be traced back to ancient times. Chinese archaeology has shown that bone sounders, which archaeologists call "bone whistles," have been found in excavations dating back more than 7,000 years (artifacts unearthed in Hemudu, Zhejiang Province, now in the Zhejiang Museum).

The xiao, divided into cave xiao and qin xiao, are single-barreled, vertical blowing, is a very ancient Han Chinese wind instrument. The long history of the xiao, sound mellow and soft, quiet and elegant, suitable for solo and repertoire. It is generally made of bamboo, blow hole in the upper end, there are six-hole xiao and eight-hole xiao points.

Bells

Bells are large percussion instruments of the Han race in ancient China, which emerged in the Western Zhou Dynasty and flourished in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period until the Qin and Han Dynasties. It is cast in bronze, by the different sizes of flat round bells arranged in accordance with the order of pitch, hanging in a huge bell frame, with a d-shaped wooden hammer and long rod were struck on the bronze bells, can send out different music, because each bell has a different pitch, in accordance with the sound score to strike, you can play a wonderful music.

Erhu

Erhu, also known as the "huqin", the Tang Dynasty has appeared, known as the "Xiqin" "", the Song Dynasty, known as the "Jqin". It is generally believed that today's huqin by Xiqin development, has become China's unique charm of stringed instruments. It is suitable for the performance of deep, sad content, but also depicts the magnificent mood.

The erhu is one of the major bowed-string instruments (stringed instruments) in the Chinese musical instrument family. The term huqin appeared in the Tang Dynasty, when the western and northern peoples were referred to as hu people, and huqin was the common name for the musical instruments imported from the western and northern peoples. After the Yuan Dynasty, during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, huqin became the common name for stringed instruments.

Pipa

The pipa is known as the "king of plucked instruments" and belongs to the plucked-string category of stringed instruments. Wooden, half-pear-shaped speaker, mounted on the four strings, the original is made of silk, now more steel wire, steel rope, nylon, neck and panel set to determine the pitch of the "phase" and "product". It is an important national musical instrument that can be played solo, accompanied by accompaniment, repertoire and ensemble, with the left hand pressing the strings and the five fingers of the right hand playing.

The pipa is a plucked-string instrument, originally known as the lute. Liu Xi in the Han Dynasty, "interpretation of the name. Interpretation of musical instruments" book has recorded: "batch of this out of the Hu, the drums on the horse. Push hand before said batch, lead hand but said put, like its drum time, because of the name also." The meaning of this ancient text is: pipa is riding on a horse playing a musical instrument, played forward called the pipa, backward picking into called the pazhou; according to the characteristics of its performance and named "batch put" (pipa). In ancient times, the drums were called drums when they were played, struck, played and played. At that time, nomads played the pipa well on horses, so it was called "the drum of the horse".

The lute is the most popular drum in the world.