Where is the symbol of the world cultural heritage Dengfeng Tiandi historical building?

The Millennium context has been passed down from generation to generation.

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Songyang Academy is located at the southern foot of Songshan Mountain in Dengfeng City, at the foot of Taishi Mountain. Surrounded by mountains and arches, it is elegant and quiet, and the architecture is simple and elegant.

Songyang Academy is famous for its superior geographical location, long history and the birthplace of Neo-Confucianism.

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Songyang Academy, formerly known as Songyang Temple, was built in the eighth year of Taihe in the Northern Wei Dynasty (484). After the Five Dynasties, the Tang Dynasty was changed to an academy. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Wang Yinglin's Yu Hai, together with Bailudong Academy in Jiangxi, Yuelu Academy in Hunan and Yingtian Academy in Henan, was called the four major academies.

Song Yang Academy of Classical Learning

Architectural composition

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After many additions and repairs, the present Songyang Academy has basically retained the architectural layout of the traditional academy, with a length of 128 meters from north to south and a width of 78 meters from east to west, covering an area of 9,984 square meters, and 26 existing buildings in the Qing Dynasty. The five courtyards are arranged along the central axis, from south to north, namely the gate, the first hall, the lecture hall, the Taoist temple and the library. Except for the Taoist temple, which rests on the top of the mountain, other buildings are covered with hard mountains and tiles, which have the local architectural style of Henan.

The building of Songyang Academy is moderate in volume, with blue bricks and gray tiles, simple and elegant. In addition, Songyang Academy also preserves 15 stone carvings and 14 ancient trees after the Eastern Wei Dynasty.

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The architectural layout of Songyang Academy is closely related to the responsibilities of Songyang Academy. Songyang Academy has three responsibilities: giving lectures, offering sacrifices and collecting books. When Songyang Academy was first established, its aims were: firstly, to avoid the influence of war; Second, the pursuit of literati seclusion. With the attention of the government, the participation of officials and the expansion of influence, the teaching of the academy and the imperial examination have gradually come closer. Therefore, the lecture hall and examination room of the academy building occupy an important position in the architectural layout.

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First Temple: There is a statue of Confucius in the center of the temple, portraits and stone tablets of four disciples of Confucius in the east, Yan Hui and Ceng Zi in the east, and Zisi and Mencius in the west. The front hall and Taoist temple of Songyang Academy are used for offering sacrifices. Through sacrificial activities, the memory of ancient sages is expressed, and the enthusiasm of teachers and students for loyalty to the monarch and patriotism is stimulated.

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Lecture Hall: The lecture hall is the main building of the Academy, with three main rooms, where Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi and other masters of science give lectures. There are teaching tools, two-way (Hao Cheng, Franz Chen) lecture charts, etc. This is also the place where the famous story "Snow at the Door" happened.

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Taoist temple: Taoist temple refers to the place where Confucianism preaches. Busts of Emperor Yao, Dayu and Duke Zhou are displayed in the temple, and three large-scale color pictures, Emperor Yao's Tour of Songshan Mountain, Dayu's Water Control of Songshan Mountain and Duke Zhou's Yangcheng Sightseeing (Shadow), are hung behind the statue.

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Library building: The existence and size of the library building represents the grade and taste of the academy. The library building is the last existing building of Songyang College, which was built at 1684, rebuilt at 1739 and renovated at 1989. At present, 57 books of Qing Dynasty and dozens of other cultural relics are displayed in the building. Songyang Academy has a collection of 860,000 books in Qing Dynasty.

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Chi Pan: Chi Pan is located behind the lecture hall, and there is a bluestone arch bridge on the pool. Because Confucius' hometown is on the Panshui River in Qufu, Shandong Province, Panshi architecture has become a symbol of ancient institutions of higher learning. Confucian scholars are called "into the rock" only if they pass the exam. They will hold a ceremony around the pool and then go to the temple to worship the icon of Confucius.

In addition to the representative buildings on the central axis of Songyang Academy, there are Bo Yue Zhai, Jing Yi Zhai, Sanyi Zhai, Si Bu Zhai, examination room and Jianggong Jing in Songyang Academy. The architectural naming of the academy also highlights the influence of Confucianism, which dominated the feudal era.

Typical inscription

cultural relic

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Zhongyue Songyang Temple Monument: It is located on the east side of Little Square steps of Songyang Academy archway. It was carved in the second year of Tian Ping in the Eastern Wei Dynasty (535). The monument is 3.05m high,1.10m wide and 0.26m thick. The whole monument is unique in design and beautifully carved.

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The lower part of the tablet is an eight-point official script "Preface to the Inscription of Songyuan Temple in Zhongyue", with 956 words. Some experts call it "the crown of official script before Tang Dynasty". The back of the tablet is divided into 12 floors, and 94 statues of Buddha are carved, which are precious materials for studying the art of relief and calligraphy in ancient China.

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Datang Songyang Shengde Induction Monument: The monument is 9 meters high, 2.04 meters wide and 1.05 meters thick, which is the largest stone monument in Songshan area. The tablet was inscribed in Tianbao period of Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (744). It mainly tells the story of Sun Taichong, a Taoist priest in Songyang, who made nine rounds of alchemy for Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. Li wrote an article, and Xu Haoba, a famous calligrapher in Tang Dynasty, wrote an official script. His clear pronunciation and mellow voice, meticulous, rigid and flexible, elegant brushwork, is the treasure of calligraphy. On the back and both sides of the monument are Ouyang Yongshu's inscription and visitors' inscription. The stone tablet consists of three parts, the lower part of the stone tablet is a carved rectangular stone base, and there are ten stone niches carved on all sides: three in front and two on both sides, and there are ten relief warrior statues in the niches. The inscription is engraved on the central stone tablet.

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"General cypress" in Han Dynasty: There are three ancient cypresses in Songyang Academy, which were sealed in the sixth year of Western Han Dynasty (BC 105). When Liu Che, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, toured Song Yue, he saw cypress trees towering and lush, so he was named "General", "Second General" and "Third General". General Paco12m, 5.4m thick. The tree leans, its crown is thick and generous, just like a big umbrella covering the clear sky. The second General Paco is18.2m high and12.54m thick. Although its bark is mottled and aging, it is full of vitality and its branches are tall and straight. Three generals were destroyed at the end of the Ming Dynasty.

The age of General Cedar has always been a mysterious topic. The tree has a history of more than two thousand years since it was sealed. Mr. Zhao Puchu left a hymn of "Songyang has cypress, and it is three thousand years old". Appraised by forestry experts, Jiangjun cypress is a primitive cypress with a tree age of 4,500 years, which is the oldest and largest existing cypress in China.

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Songyang Academy has a compact structure and perfect functions. As the earliest academy in China to spread Confucian Neo-Confucianism, offer sacrifices to Confucian sages and hold examinations, it has played an important role in the development of Confucianism, and has irreplaceable specimen significance for studying the ancient academy architecture, education system and Confucian culture in China.