Teaching theory and its five schools

1. Philosophy-oriented teaching theory;

Originated from the tradition of Socrates and Plato that "knowledge is morality". According to this theory, the purpose of teaching is to form human morality, which is naturally formed through knowledge accumulation. In order to realize the moral purpose, knowledge becomes everything in teaching, and then a teaching theory system which is biased towards knowledge giving and receiving as the logical starting point and developed from the purpose and means is deduced in turn.

2. Behaviorism teaching theory:

At the beginning of the 20th century, with the strengthening of "stimulus-response" in America, the art of teaching lies in how to arrange reinforcement. From this, a variety of teaching modes and methods such as program teaching, computer-aided teaching, self-study unit, individual learning method and audio-visual teaching are derived.

3. Cognitive teaching theory:

Cognitive psychologists criticize behaviorism as an "empty organism". In the interaction between individuals and the environment, they think that individuals act on the environment, not the environment that causes people's behavior, and the environment only provides potential stimulation. Whether these stimuli are noticed or processed depends on the psychological structure of learners. The basis of learning is the formation and reorganization of learners' internal psychological structure, not the formation of stimulus-response connection or the strengthening or change of behavior habits. Teaching is to promote the formation or reorganization of learners' internal psychological structure. American educational psychologists Bruner and Ausubel put forward cognitive teaching theory, among which Bruner's cognitive structure teaching theory has the greatest influence.