How many styles and schools are there in interior design?

The styles of interior design can be mainly divided into: traditional style, modern style, post-modern style, natural style and mixed style.

First, traditional style.

Traditional interior design absorbs the "shape" and "spirit" characteristics of traditional decoration in terms of indoor layout, line modeling, color tone and the modeling of furniture and furnishings. For example, absorb the composition and decoration of ceiling, hanging and sparrow replacement of traditional wooden frame buildings in China, and clarify the modeling and style characteristics of furniture. Another example is the imitation of Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Rococo and Classicism. Traditional styles in the west, such as interior decoration and furniture style imitating the Victorian style in Europe, Britain or Louis style in France. In addition, there are Japanese traditional styles, Indian traditional styles, Islamic traditional styles, North African castle styles and so on. Traditional styles often give people a sense of historical continuity and regional context, which makes the indoor environment highlight the image characteristics of national cultural origins.

Second, modern style.

The modern style originated from the Bauhaus School established by 19 19. Under the historical background at that time, the school emphasized breaking through the old tradition, creating new buildings, attaching importance to function and spatial organization, paying attention to the formal beauty of structural composition, being concise in modeling, opposing redundant decoration, advocating reasonable composition technology, respecting the performance of materials, paying attention to the texture and color configuration effect of materials themselves, and developing non-traditional asymmetry on the basis of functional layout. Bauhaus school attaches importance to the actual process operation and emphasizes the connection between design and industrial production.

Gropius, the founder of Bauhaus School, has a very clear view on modern architecture. He believes that "the concept of beauty changes with the progress of thought and technology". Architecture has no ultimate, only constant. "Modern architectural technology cannot be obliterated in architectural performance, and an unprecedented image should be applied in architectural performance". Outstanding representatives at that time were le corbusier and Ludwig ludwig mies van der rohe. At present, modern style in a broad sense can also refer to the architectural image and indoor environment with simple and novel modeling and a sense of the times.

Third, postmodern style.

The word postmodernism first appeared in the book Selected Poems in Spain and Spanish by the Spanish writer de anis (1934), which was used to describe the rebellion within modernism, especially the rebellious psychology of modernism, that is, postmodern style. In 1950s, with the decline of so-called modernism, the cultural trend of post-modernism gradually took shape in the United States. Influenced by popular art in 1960s, postmodern style criticized the pure rationalism tendency in modern style. Postmodern style emphasizes the historical continuity of architecture and interior decoration, but does not stick to the traditional logical thinking mode. It explores and innovates on modelling technique and pays attention to human feelings. It often sets exaggerated and deformed columns and broken arches indoors, or combines abstract forms of classical components in new ways. That is, the use of non-traditional mixing, superposition, dislocation, fission, symbols and metaphors creates an architectural image and indoor environment that combines sensibility and rationality, tradition and modernity, and the public and experts. Post-modern style can not be evaluated only by the visual image we see, but also by the image from the design ideas. The representatives of postmodern style are P Johnson, R Venturi and M Graves.

Fourth, natural style.

The natural style advocates "returning to nature" and advocates and combines nature aesthetically, so that people can achieve a physiological and psychological balance in today's high-tech and high-tempo social life. Therefore, natural materials such as wood, fabric and stone are used indoors to show the texture of the materials, which is fresh and elegant. In addition, due to the similarity of its purpose and technique, the pastoral style can also be classified as natural style. The pastoral style strives to show carefree, comfortable and natural pastoral life in the indoor environment, and the simple texture of natural wood, stone, rattan, bamboo and other materials is commonly used. Ingeniously set up indoor greening to create a natural and elegant atmosphere.

In addition, some British Hillington Municipal Center and Yale University Teachers' Club opposed the same international style in the 1970s, and used wooden boards and tiles to build walls, traditional local doors and windows and sloping roofs, which were called "local style" or "local style", also known as "grey school".

Five, mixed style

In recent years, architectural design and interior design are generally diversified and inclusive. Indoor layout also has modern and practical characteristics, absorbing traditional characteristics, integrating ancient and modern Chinese and western in decoration and furnishings, such as traditional screens, furnishings, coffee tables, modern wall and door and window decoration, and new sofas; European classical glass lamps and wall decoration, including traditional oriental furniture and Egyptian furnishings, sketches and so on. Although the mashup style is eclectic in design and uses many styles, it is still unique in design, and the overall composition and visual effect of shape, color and material have been thoroughly scrutinized.

The genre of interior design

Genre, here refers to the art genre of interior design. From the analysis of the artistic characteristics of modern interior design, there are also many schools, mainly including: high-tech, bright, white, new rococo, surrealism, deconstruction and decorative arts.

1. High-tech or weighing technology.

High-tech or weighing technology school highlights the achievements of contemporary industrial technology, shows off in the design of architectural form and indoor environment, advocates "mechanical beauty", exposes steel structure components such as beams and slabs, grids and various equipment and pipelines such as air ducts and cables indoors, and emphasizes technology and sense of the times. Typical examples of high-tech schools are Pompidou National Art and Culture Center and Hongkong China Bank.

Second, the Illuminati

Ming School, also known as Yinpai School, prides itself on the precise and bright effect of new materials and modern processing technology in interior design. Mirror glass, stainless steel, polished granite and marble are mostly used as decorative materials in the interior. In the aspect of indoor environment lighting, refraction, refraction and other new light sources and lamps are often used to form a dazzling indoor environment under the contrast of metal and mirror materials.

Third, white schools.

The interior of the White School is unpretentious, and the interior interface and furniture are often white, which is simple and clear, such as the Smith Mansion and its interior designed by American architect R Meyer. R Meyer's white interior not only simplifies the decoration, but also chooses white surface treatment, and has deeper conceptual connotation. When the designer is in the design room, he should consider the people who are moving indoors and the ever-changing outdoor scenery seen through the doors and windows. Therefore, in a sense, the indoor environment is only a "background" of the activity place, so they don't do too much rendering in decorative modeling and color application.

Fourth, the New Rococo School.

Rococo was originally a style of architectural decoration prevailing in European courts in the18th century, characterized by exquisite, light and complicated carvings. The new rococo inherits the complicated decorative features of rococo, but the "carrier" and processing technology of decorative modeling use modern new decorative materials and modern scientific and technological means, so it has a gorgeous and slightly romantic decorative atmosphere and still has the flavor of the times in the tradition.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Descartes abstract painting school

De stijl began in the Netherlands in the 1920s, and the artistic school represented by the painter P mondriaan emphasized "the expression of pure modeling" and "liberated art from the bondage of tradition and personality worship". De stijl thinks that "the abstraction of living environment is a reality of human life". They often use geometric shapes and three primary colors of red, yellow and blue for interior decoration and furniture, and sometimes they also use three colors of black, gray and white. De stijl's interior, whether in color or shape, has very distinctive characteristics and personality. Architecture and interior are often based on geometric blocks, and the indoor and outdoor space of the building is integrated with the internal space and external space, and the blocks are emphasized by the bumps and strong colors of the roof and wall.

Sixth, surrealism.

Surrealism pursues the so-called artistic effect beyond reality, and often uses abnormal spatial organization, flowing curved surfaces or interfaces, strong colors, unpredictable light and shadow, strange furniture and equipment, and sometimes modern paintings or sculptures to set off the surreal indoor environment. The surreal indoor environment is more suitable for some indoor spaces with special requirements for visual image for display or entertainment.

Seven, deconstruction.

Deconstruction is a philosophical concept put forward by the French philosopher J Derrida in 1960s. It is a query and criticism of structuralism and theoretical tradition prevailing in Europe and America at the beginning of this century. Deconstruction in architecture and interior design holds a negative attitude towards traditional classicism and composition rules, emphasizing that it is not bound by historical culture and traditional rationality. It is a school that seems to disintegrate the structure, break through the traditional composition form and use a wide range of materials.

Eight, decorative arts or decorative arts.

Decorative art originated from an international exposition of decorative art and modern industry held in Paris, France in the 1920s, and later spread to the United States and other places, such as some skyscrapers built in the early days of the United States. Decorative art is good at using multi-level geometric lines and patterns, focusing on the door and window feet, cornices, waist lines and top corner lines of buildings. The interior and exterior decoration of the Old Jinjiang Hotel and the Peace Hotel built in Shanghai in the early years are all decorative arts. In recent years, some hotels and large shopping malls are often decorated with decorative art patterns and patterns on the basis of modern style, which has both the flavor of the times and the connotation of architectural culture.

At present, when the society is gradually transitioning from industrial society to post-industrial society or information society, people's demand for its surrounding environment can not only meet the use requirements and material functions, but also pay more attention to the demand for spiritual functions such as environmental atmosphere, cultural connotation and artistic quality. The emergence, development and transformation of different artistic styles and schools of interior design are not only the continuation and development of the historical context of architectural art, but also have profound historical and cultural connotations of social development, which will greatly enrich people's spiritual life in the morning and evening.