What are the materials used for overlay woodcut prints? What are the relevant overviews of these materials in foreign countries and domestic?

A, watermark prints of materials and tools

Boards generally use the fine grain, wood quality, clean, smooth surface of the pear, white fruit wood, birch, jujube wood and linden. With basswood and birch made of three-plywood, five-plywood, seven-plywood effect is very good. Water willow system of plywood, wood grain changes, in the watermark prints can be achieved in the topography of the special artistic effect.

Before engraving the board, first of all, use wood sandpaper to grind the board, so that the surface of the board is flat and smooth, in order to engraving and topography. Sanding with wood sandpaper, sandpaper should be wrapped in a small rectangular block of wood, flat against the board along the wood grain rubbing, until flat. If used as a secondary version, the texture is not necessarily very smooth, slightly rough with traces of wood grain, easy to print out a variety of natural interest, to achieve the watermark prints of "wood flavor" effect.

Wood engraving knife Prepare a set of 12 pieces of high-level wood engraving knife. If you can try to customize the hand of the wood engraving knife is better. Carve watermark prints in particular to round mouth knife, square mouth knife, triangular knife, flat mouth knife, oblique mouth knife is appropriate. Square knife and flat knife can be used to shovel a large area to remove part. Beveled knife can be used to cut off wood fibers, beveled knife blade to be pointed and sharp, it is appropriate to prepare a knife with different bevel angle.

Wood engraving knife

Paper watermark prints in the topography, commonly used rice paper, rice paper to "special net" the best. According to the need to choose a single or folder Xuan, some people are also accustomed to using leather Xuan, filter paper, blotting paper and professional printmaking paper. In short, printing watermark prints with paper, with good water-absorbing properties, sensitive, tough, less discoloration after drying is appropriate.

Pigment Selection of transparent performance of Chinese paint and watercolor paint. The use of gouache ads and other powder pigments, can also achieve the effect of moist and heavy. Japanese water-based printmaking pigments are not bad, but should not use oil-based pigments.

Pigments

Abrasives In the process of topography, "Malian" is generally used. The word "marien" comes from the Japanese word for a bamboo peel eraser made from the bark of a large bamboo shoot.

"Malian" production method: choose a good piece of wider bamboo shoot skin soaked in hot water, to completely soft when removed, and then according to less than the width of the bamboo shoot skin, cut a round piece of cardboard, coated with a layer of glue, will be fine hemp rope disk glued to this piece of round piece of cardboard, to become a piece of cardboard cushioned rope cake, and then paste this rope cake in the bamboo shoot skin light side, the bamboo shoot skin, the bamboo shoot skin, the bamboo shoot skin, the bamboo shoot skin, the bamboo shoot skin, the bamboo shoot skin, the bamboo shoot skin, the bamboo shoot skin, the bamboo shoot skin, the bamboo shoot skin, the bamboo shoot skin. Then stick the rope cake on the light side of the bamboo shoot skin, roll the bamboo shoot skin tightly against the edge of the rope cake, and knot the two ends in the center to make a "Malian".

Malian

Brush color color brush According to the size of the layout part, prepare various sizes of underline pen, watercolor pen, oil brush and sheep hair brush.

Other utensils A palette box, a white plate, a spray can for wet paper, and a metal ruler for paperweights.

Sprayer

As the saying goes, "If you want to do a good job, you have to make good use of it." Because the effect of printmaking picture is inseparable from the performance of tools and materials, only by familiarizing and mastering the characteristics of these 2E_tools, can we bring out the expressive power of tools and materials.

Second, the production steps and methods of watermark prints

Drawing A watermark prints to complete the first to make a good design of the small composition, the design should be based on the printed works after the performance of the wet and dry, light and dark, and the virtual and real characteristics of the draft on the draft in advance to consider, and then to complete a small draft. According to their own creative intent and ink, color to make a variety of attempts, from which they can pick out to reflect their own intentions, but also watermark characteristics of the drawing for enlargement. After enlarging the drawing, taking into account the characteristics and features of the watermark prints at the same time, we should start to solve the plate, plate division, engraving the main plate, water changes, set of procedures, color configuration, and so on a series of watermarking in the production of technical problems.

In the draft, the composition of the expression once determined, it is necessary to further follow the formal rules, to refine, strengthen and enrich the structure of the composition form. The structure of the composition of the work is a combination of form, color, knife flavor, wood flavor, rhyme and other formal factors, and different structures cause the composition of the form of colorful formal aesthetics, giving people different artistic infectivity.

Flap draft With a sharpened pencil on a copy of the paper with a single line sketched out the outline and structure of the part of the drawing, and then this drawing is reversed over the surface of the board has been processed. In addition, no matter what method of tracing the drawing to the board, before engraving, it is necessary to brush the board with a light color, so that the engraving of the moment to go or stay on the board of the part of the shape of the clear, clear knife, which will help the author to better operate the knife.

Sub-plate watermark prints generally need a master plate and more than one sub-page, sub-page of the method: the drawing turned traced on a plate, carved into the main plate, and then based on this plate, borrowing the transparency of the copy paper, with a pen to the main version of the object depicted on the paper. Then, based on the copy paper with the location of the main plate coloring area, the pad on the copy paper, copying to the second board, that is, the secondary version. According to the needs of the picture, the main and secondary version is not enough to set, depending on the specific circumstances of the third and fourth engraved plate, to increase the picture after covering the shape or color of the object. Such as encountered in a place carved bad, you can increase a carved plate to make up for, aligned in the original part of the overprint on.

Carving with a knife on the board, regardless of what kind of knife, can be carved out of many different shapes of points, lines, blocks. Several knives can also produce different feelings and artistic effects. The basic method of transporting the knife is no more than the use of the blade of the front, the side of the blade on the board for push carving, picking carving, halo carving, trembling carving, shaking carving, shoveling carving, scraping carving, single-knife carving, and so on.

Push carving This is the main knife carving object, pinch the knife to the wood, with a round mouth knife, triangular knife, square mouth knife smoothly and evenly according to a certain angle to push forward with the carving, can be caused by a neat line of yang or yin, block, surface.

Pick carving with a round mouth knife, triangular knife, square mouth knife short with the plate, the knife into the plate surface that is upward picking, can form the size, length, width and other different round, triangular, square points. If you choose to use the triad plate engraving, picking carving need to pay attention to the direction of the knife and the wood grain towards the perpendicular force, pick when the wood can be natural break. If you go along with the wood grain pick engraving, not easy to break off.

Halo carving with a square mouth knife, flat mouth knife, oblique mouth knife tilted carving plate, light and heavy, after the knife, it will produce a similar effect of the transition between the depths of the brush.

Vibratory carving round mouth knife, triangular knife, square mouth knife forward knife, before and after the staccato force, up and down, the formation of thick and thin, lack of lines, surfaces, with "gold and stone flavor".

Rocking carving with a round mouth knife, triangular knife shaking left and right forward knife, can be carved into the two sides of the jagged zigzag, strange change in the effect.

Shovel engraving The head of the knife is slightly flat, with a knife flat shovel over, it becomes "shovel engraving". Shovel surface is generally wider, in addition to the square mouth knife, other than the knife shovel out of the knife touch, rough edges, more changes. Because of the wide surface of the shovel, with the force also need to be larger.

Scraping the use of the blade or tip of the knife in the woodblock scraped out of the depression, light scraping can be scraped out of the soft indentation, scraping will appear more intense scraping. Scrape out of the knife touch, often have a more subtle feeling.

Single-knife carving With a beveled knife can be negative or positive carving, use the knife to maintain a certain degree of obliquity.

"Yin carving" is carved into the black background concave in the layout of the line, surface, point, in addition to the layout remains on the plate; "Yang carving" is carved into the white background protruding line, surface, point, in addition to the layout carved off. The use of "yin carving" or "yang carving" of a single line, outlining the outline of the form, which is the traditional technique in China, the use of appropriate, very beautiful and rich in national characteristics.

The key to the use of the above knife is how to shape the shape of the object, whether it is the choice of yang carving, yang carving or the use of what kind of knife, take what kind of knife, we must pay attention to grasp the object's shape and features, but also to give full play to the role of the knife touch, knife traces, to enhance the artistic infectious force. The use of knife, choose the type of knife, in a piece of work can not change too much and clutter. Also want to prevent the knife mediocre monotonous, according to the manuscript depicting the carving, and the lack of vitality.

Topography watermarked layout of the key, is to master the changes in moisture. Whether it is the water of the board, or paper absorbed water, have a direct impact on the quality of topography. Topography before, first with a water spray can evenly spray the paper damp, so that the water mist evenly spread on the paper. Hot weather or dry season is sprayed wet. If it is cloudy and rainy weather, the air humidity, the water in the paper is not easy to evaporate, the most appropriate. Paper in the moisture will be more than dry when swelling some, in the entire topography process, basically to maintain a certain degree of humidity, so as not to set inaccurate. In general, the first printing plate after printing the main plate, the first printing light color after printing dark color. In the topography process will be wet paper flat on the plate, covered with old newspapers or plastic film, pressed paperweight tools, good marking line (in the watermarking prints will be printed on the side of the paper aligned with the longer and the picture parallel to a line, and then extend the vertical line marking the middle of the printed paper, so that even if the printed paper deformation after draughts, distention, can only be from the middle of the two even extended, will not affect the accuracy of the set of the plate). Begin to lay the color on the plate, each layout lay the color needs to be repeated several times. If the topography found that too much water seepage, you can use the "broken ink method", that is, the urgent use of clean brushes dipped in water in the opposite direction of the pen, so that the water pressure color water retraction.

In addition, an ancient watermark prints, aimed at reproducing Chinese paintings. After careful plate division, production, overprinting, can be done with a pen, ink, color, and water color moist, thick and thin, almost like the original special effects. Now China's Rongbaozhai, DuoYunXuan and other publishing units, still use this method of copying ancient and modern Chinese painting.

This way of printing process:

(a) sketch: by the painter dedicated to this work. The first step of the first color plate, the drawing of all the same tone of the handwriting is classified in a set of plate, the picture has a few shades, can be divided into several sets of plates. Color simple picture has two or three sets, work fine and complex to be divided into dozens of sets. Sketch in accordance with the number of sets on the ink line hooked on a transparent paper, the requirements of the picture will be the depth of the level of intensity and brush strokes faithfully reflected, and then this paper is glued to the board to pay the carving.

(2) engraving: in addition to engraving based on the ink line, the engraver must also refer to the original, carefully understand, hold the knife as a pen, in order to convey the spirit of the original and the penmanship of the exquisite.

(3) printing: each sub-page engraved, in accordance with the needs of the picture, in turn, one by one version of the overprint into a painting. Printing paper, rice paper, silk-based, ink color material must be identical to the raw material.

Due to the printing materials and mounting forms and the same as the original, and thus this watermark replication is particularly strong, with a cool original, a few can be messed up really effect.

Modern watermark prints topography completed after drying, according to the practice of international printmaking title, must be immediately adjacent to the bottom of the picture half a centimeter, from left to right, with a pencil sign on the number of prints (with the denominator indicating the total number of prints, the numerator indicates the first few), the title of the work, the type of prints, the size of the work, the author's name and the year and month of creation, in order to express the author's sense of responsibility for their own work and the work of authenticity of the difference between the signs. .

Mashing (watermark reproduction)

Three, watermark prints several special texture techniques

The original meaning of texture refers to the texture of the muscle. In watermark printmaking, it refers to the structure and characteristics of the topography of various natural forms. Texture in printmaking performance is not a knife carved out, texture is through a special selection of materials veneer, cloth, white paper, decorative wallpaper, sand, wood shavings and other performance. The use of texture enhances the artistic infectivity of watermark prints, and is not to be ignored in watermark prints.

Paste texture Paste a variety of material texture, and on the basis of understanding the material texture printing effect and characteristics. Objective objects with abstract texture to express, produce abstract or imagery or figurative, and even achieve realistic artistic effect. All this requires the artist's unique inspiration and wisdom, a skillful grasp of printing technology and the ability to master various materials. In the face of the special prints produced, the artist repeatedly examines the traces and texture of concave, convex, flat, and oblique, and formulates the best printing plan.

Intaglio method This method is similar to intaglio printing in copperplate. With a dry color, can adjust some paste, painted to contain the dent in the texture, with a transparent plexiglass sheet along the texture of the texture will be convex on the color scraping, so that the color exists in the dent, will be printed on paper covered with a Malian or spoon from the back of the pressure to rub. Grinding force depends on the water content of the paper to determine.

Convex printing method generally use the old oil paintbrush dipped in the desired color, the use of the flat side of the pen, in the need to print convex marks on the texture of the rub, due to the flat side of the pen is wide, the pen contains a color containing less water, so only a small amount of color rubbed to the convex lines, the concave part of the color does not exist. This allows you to print the detailed texture of the bumps.

Wet printing method Chinese painting colors or watercolor colors according to the need to add water to mix well, the paper contains a little more water, with a brush dipped in color, coated in the texture of the need to print, will be printed on the paper overlay, gently massaged with the Malian or patting can be printed out the desired texture.

Overlapping method With a transparent color on the plate, the first print light color, and then in the same part of the darker color overlap on the print. First print some false, and then in the same part of the brush color overlap printed on. Can also be printed in the same part of the plate on the first cold color and then print the warm color or the first warm color and then print the cold color. This is a thin color overlap imprinting, covering many times, to achieve changes in the natural, thick overall effect.

Dyeing method If the whole picture is printed and turned over to see the overall color relationship is more scattered, the parts are not harmonious enough, and then the printed picture overlay in the color plate alignment, brush on the plate to play a unified role in the tone of the transparent color, thin cover printing a number of times, you can get rid of the picture of the "fire" and correct the lack of uniformity of the problem.

The synthesis of various techniques will be concave printing method, convex printing method, wet printing method at the same time in a printing to complete the method, the need for convex shape of the place, the color can be on the convex part of the local printing needs to be concave shape of the place, the color will be rubbed in the concave part of the back of the printing paper with the Malian or the spoon to apply pressure to the color adsorption to the printing paper, but also can be used in a wet printing method to make it wet, seepage, so that the topography effects Variable. So repeated printing, take a comprehensive watermark printmaking special techniques can be completed.

"For the article after the law and can, some change after the big." Technique is the former in practice after summarizing, and constantly enriched, so we have to through their own learning and practice, and gradually accumulate experience, on the basis of which can be innovative, improve. If this book can help in the creation of watermark printmaking and research techniques, and play an introductory role, I am very pleased. The author's level is limited, please correct any bias.