What is high industrial rationalization? (Regional economics question)

Industrial structure rationalization is also known as industrial structure advanced. It refers to the process of transferring the focus of a country's economic development or the center of gravity of its industrial structure from the primary industry to the secondary and tertiary industries one by one, marking the level of a country's economic development and the stage and direction of its development. The advanced industrial structure is often specifically reflected in the process of changes in the ratio of output value, employed persons and national income among various industrial sectors.　The rationalization of the industrial structure is the basis for the industrial structure intensification, and the intensification without rationalization can only be a kind of "virtual intensification". The process of rationalization of industrial structure makes the structural efficiency continuously improve, which in turn promotes the development of industrial structure to a high degree of sophistication. It can be seen that rationalization and intensification are the two bases for the optimization of industrial structure.

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From the viewpoint of structural proportion of industrial structure, there are three aspects of intensification: (1) In the whole industrial structure, the predominant proportion of the first industry evolves step by step to the predominant proportion of the second and the third industry, i.e., the focus of the industry is shifted in turn; (2) the predominant proportion of the industrial structure from the labor-intensive industry evolves step by step to the predominant proportion of the capital-intensive, technology-intensive, and knowledge-intensive industry. (2) The industrial structure evolves from the dominant proportion of labor-intensive industries to the dominant proportion of capital-intensive, technology-intensive, and knowledge-intensive industries, i.e., it shifts to the intensity of various factors in turn; (3) The industrial structure evolves from the dominant proportion of industries manufacturing primary products to the dominant proportion of industries manufacturing intermediate and final products in turn, i.e., it shifts to the form of products in turn.　From the point of view of the degree of heightened industrial structure, there are four aspects of heightened content: (1) industrial high value-added, i.e., the proportion of surplus value contained in the value of the product is large, with a high rate of absolute surplus value and excess profit, which is the process of increasing the degree of technological intensity of the enterprise; (2) industrial high-technology, i.e., the general application of high technology in the industry (including the compounding of new technology and traditional technology); (3) industrial high Intensification, that is, the rationalization of industrial organization, with high economies of scale; (4) industrial high processing degree, that is, processing depth, with high labor productivity.

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Generally speaking, the industrial structure of the heightened performance of a country's economic development in different periods of the most appropriate industrial structure, the main measurements are: (1) the principle of income elasticity (income elasticity criterion), that is, every unit of income and increase in the ratio of the demand for a particular commodity. If the increase in demand due to the expansion of income can be converted into commodities with high income elasticity, the growth rate of exports can be increased accordingly, which is more desirable for the overall economic growth; (2) the principle of the rate of increase in productivity (the principle of productivity increase). In order to export commodities with high income elasticity, it is necessary to have sufficient international competitiveness, so the best choice is to focus on industries with high rate of increase in production or industries with high possibility of technological development; (3) Principle of technology, security and group, i.e., from a long-term viewpoint, the driving force of economic development is technological innovation, so that industries that can become the core sectors of technological innovation in the future cannot be easily given up, even though they are at a disadvantage at the moment. For the stable development of a country's economy, it is in fact required to have a certain degree of national security or industries capable of safeguarding the prestige of the country; for the balanced development of industrial sectors, it is necessary to form a wider range of industrial groups. Meet the above three criteria of the industrial structure of the state, can be called a certain period of a country's industrial structure of the most appropriate state, but also shows the stage of the country's industrial structure to reach a high level of standard conditions.