PPT Geography of Traditional Dwellings in China

On the banks of the rich and beautiful Nenjiang River in the northeast of China, there lives a Daur nationality who is mainly engaged in agriculture, but also engaged in animal husbandry and fishing and hunting. Daur people are famous for their bravery and good fighting skills. Since ancient times, they have been good at riding horses, shooting, wrestling and playing hockey. Hockey, called "back width" in Daur language, is a traditional sport of Daur nationality with a long history.

The house is like a person. Most Daur villages are surrounded by mountains and rivers with beautiful scenery. The yard of the house was built neatly. The tall "street"-shaped straw house gives people a generous and rough impression. Every household is surrounded by fences woven with red wicker in various patterns. The yard layout is rigorous, and stables and cowsheds are generally built far away from the yard to keep it clean and tidy.

The traditional houses of Daur nationality are mostly pine or birch beams, adobe or mud walls, yellow mud inside and outside, covered with grass, with two rooms, three rooms and five rooms. Two rooms, one bedroom in Westinghouse and one kitchen in East Room; There are three or five rooms, with the kitchen in the middle and the living room on both sides. Houses generally face south and pay attention to lighting. Windows are a major feature of Daur houses. There are three connected big kang in the south, north and west of the living room or in the south, east and north, commonly known as "Man Zi Kang". Manzikang has good thermal insulation performance and is an indispensable heating facility for Daur people in winter.

The living room of Daur people is more expensive than the west room. Westinghouse is located on the south kang, where most of the elders live. The son, daughter-in-law and their children live in the north kang or the east room, while the west kang is for guests' daily life. Most of the kang surfaces are covered with reed mats or felt.

Nowadays, with the development of economy and the improvement of living conditions, there are more and more brick houses. However, living customs such as using kang are still deeply loved by Daur people.

Morphological composition of traditional folk houses

China's traditional architectural heritage is very rich, including palaces, temples, tombs, temples and other magnificent official buildings, as well as folk buildings such as houses, ancestral halls, halls and academies. Residential building is the most basic and abundant building type closely related to people's lives. In order to distinguish it from the modern houses, we call it traditional houses or residential buildings. The form of folk houses includes social form and living form. Social form refers to the characteristics formed by social factors such as the history, culture, beliefs, customs and concepts of residential houses. Residential form refers to the characteristics formed by the plane layout, structural mode and internal and external architectural image of residential buildings. The characteristics of traditional folk houses are mainly manifested in three aspects in architecture:

1) plane layout and environmental characteristics. It is the embodiment of social system, family organization, customs and beliefs, production and lifestyle in residential buildings.

2) Structure and appearance characteristics. It reflects the influence of climate, geography, materials and construction technology on architecture.

3) Decoration and detailed features. It is the expression of culture, custom and aesthetic consciousness in the interior and exterior art of residential buildings.