About Japan's Warring States Period

This kind of flag is called flag finger, and its use and origin can be referenced.

Samurai family

White flag and red flag

The samurai family line can be said to be the product of war. In the war, the family line is the basis to distinguish between the enemy and ourselves, and it is used to check the meritorious military service after the war. As soon as the troubled times ended, the family line lost its vitality.

Originally only bureaucrats or bureaucrats owned family lines, in the era of "white flag versus red flag" in which the source and rank fought together, quickly spread among warriors. Since the Kamakura era, warriors have always used flags and family lines to mark the position of their troops against the enemy on the battlefield. From the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Muromachi era to the Warring States period, battlements, flags, signs and family lines on horse prints were the only basis for distinguishing the enemy from the enemy at a long distance.

The original flag of Pingping was first seen in The Story of Pingzhi, which is about waiting for a saint to fight:

"Flat armor with a red flag, red light shines. The source of the white flag, the wind blowing, is spectacular and boosts morale. "

Later, The Story of Pingjia recorded a record of the Battle of Mo Chuan:

"In front of this hall, I also rode the Pechi flag with 300 soldiers and rang the bell." (omitted) "As soon as Guangsheng's voice fell, he abandoned the red flag and replaced it with a white flag."

At that time, the two schools in Yuanping used the white flag and the red flag as the identification credentials of their respective camps.

In the Yuan Ping era, the confrontation between military forces was simple, and family lines were not necessary. Genji, who has no land in the wild, uses a white flag, and Pingjia uses a red flag, only two colors. Since ancient times, the military flag of the imperial court has been songkhla Red, so Pingjia takes the traditional red flag as the military flag; Genji's army is flying a white flag, probably to fight against Pingjia.

Red is a color that can easily boost morale. Relatively speaking, white is pure and clean, and it is the color that purifies the gods. It is said that gods live on it, and the army often uses it to protect them. Later, it developed into the flags of gods such as the Buddha with a white background and a dark sky.

In the first year of Wenzhi (1 185), Pingjia was destroyed in the West Sea, and Yuan Laichao designated the white flag as the special flag of Genji DC.

Five years after Pingjia's death, Yuan came to Korea to send troops to Austria and conquer Fujiwara Taiheng. On July 26th, 2005, Shen Jia, Lai Chao passed the Guoyu Palace in Shimonoseki, and Koji Sasaki of Genji came to fight. Sasaki came from Genji's family, but he sided with Hiraya's family in the war. He had to intercede for Tian Yisheng and others, and only seven counties and other territories in Austria were confiscated. When Lai Chao conquered Austria, Yi Long was eager to make contributions. He came to the battlefield by the usual route. Unexpectedly, the military flag used by Longyi is an unwritten white flag, which is also the "private flag for imperial use". Lai Chao was not very happy, so he gave Sasaki the army fan painted with the bright moon and made him a military flag. From now on, it is forbidden to use the white flag at will. The dragon wing painted a pattern of military fans on the flag, which was one of the earliest Wu family plans drawn for Sasaki family.

After a long time, every family or even a family has its own coat of arms, which has become an established custom.

Popularization of literature

After Genji's white flag flew all over the world, the battle between Aoyu, Chengjiu Rebellion and Wenyong Hongan (Mongolian invasion) started one after another. At this time, the guards and first-class soldiers all over the country, because they could not use the white flag uniformly, had various flags and curtains as identifiers. The Tongyu Party of Musashi Seven Party is marked by the "round fan", which is the earliest example of using the family pattern on the flag seal. In addition, Yukio Hatoyama's "village concentration", Kumatani's "pigeon residence" and Sasaki's "three-eye knot" are also widely known.

At the same time as the flag pattern, there are curtain patterns. Xintianjia's "big, medium and black", Ashikaga's "two lures and two lures" and San Pu's "three lures and two lures" all come from screen patterns.

In the second year of Kuanxi in my wife's mirror (1230), on February 3rd, there was a commotion in Kamakura at midnight, and the royal family holding the flag gathered outside the Taishi Mansion in Beitiao. The next day, a surname returned the military flag to his master according to the family pattern on the flag. It can be seen that at that time, the general Kamakura warriors had already used the family system.

We can learn about the customs, weapons, flags, seals and family background at that time from the scroll "Mongolian Attack and Painting" written by the fat warrior Yoshichang Takesaki who was active in the battle of Wen Yong Hong An. Among them, most of the Kyushu nobles who joined the army had family seals, such as "three-eye knot auspicious characters" (Takesaki Goro soldier Wei Jichang), "four-eye knot" (Dazai, Shaoershaburo, Saemon), "crane turtle, pine bamboo, plum" (Baishi, Liulang, Tongtai) and "two-piece merger", so it is speculated that in the middle of Kamakura era.

Under the shogunate system, the shogunate sent troops to the war, and the warriors in the same battlefield had to testify to each other in order to reward their achievements after the war. Therefore, family background began to become an indispensable thing in the Wu family society.

The pronoun of martial arts

By the end of the Kamakura era, all countries in the world had their own families. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the family background of the country's mighty men was known to the world, and family background became synonymous with names. Military records at that time were used to describe the military actions of samurai, such as the famous Taiping Ji. For example, "Taiping Ji" Volume 16 Hyogo Sea-land Communication Articles:

"To grind the horizontal, horizontal, horizontal, horizontal, left-leaning, horizontal, horizontal, horizontal."

The two leads are Ashikaga's family, and the four eyes are tied to Sasaki's family near Jiangyuan, which directly infringes on Matsuda's family, while Zuo Ba is Uto's family, and Yuan Yi refers to Gao's family. This is a typical description of Taiping Ji-the flag pattern represents the surname.

At first, the family coat of arms is the representative of the name, and it is a kind of shield coat of arms used between the same family. In the troubled times of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, when the Ashikaga family rose, wars often occurred between the same clan, and the arms of the same clan were indistinguishable and easily confused. In this era, the number of wars and heraldry is increasing rapidly. For example, the Battle of Mingde (139 1) is a war between mountains and names. In order to prevent the arms from being confused, bamboo flags are used to distinguish them. Later generations used different heralds between the same family, mostly because of this.

The emperor's coat of arms are chrysanthemums and tung trees. In the early days of Kamakura, clothes and utensils were painted with patterns from time to time, but on important occasions, flags were painted with sun and moon patterns. In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the royal family often gave chrysanthemums and tung heralds to meritorious soldiers (for example, the famous Ashikaga respected teacher "ordered me to praise, and the five or seven tung heralds were exempted"), so there were many warriors who used chrysanthemums and tung heralds after the Northern and Southern Dynasties. Nobunaga gave Xiuji five or seven tung patterns, which is also a precedent.

In the Southern and Northern Dynasties, heraldry was an important evidence to show the family background, regardless of the people or the army. It is an important reward to give it to meritorious soldiers, because the coat of arms safeguarded the authority of nature, and people at that time respected the flags and curtains painted with the coat of arms. Today, Jun Chuan wrote an article in Da Cao Zi, saying that there were some imperial flags, two white flags and three pennants painted with imperial patterns around him, and the flags had to be chosen from excellent soldiers.

In the middle of Muromachi, due to military needs, family lines spread all over the world. After Taiping Ji, books and war notes in Muromachi era, such as Zheng Wenji, Da Dang Military Discipline, Kamakura Big Grass Paper, Yu Ji He Ji, ァィィィィィィィィィィィィィィィィィ1

"Papaya, wheel violation, melon grain, three scales, four knots, ba, ba jiao, apricot leaf, medium black, pill, thick, two tendons, water chestnut, pine chestnut, wheel, edge folding and so on.

Later, in the Yongzheng period (1504 ~ 152 1), a collection of genealogies began to appear, which was also called "Yongzheng inscriptions on bronze" or "Ashikaga inscriptions on wood" and "Dongshan Temple imperial books". When Ashikaga shogunate officials told Ashikaga Yoshimasa, the eighth generation general of Muromachi shogunate, they listed 260 family patterns from the names of guardians to the stories of China people. This is an important historical material for studying Wu Jiating's model.

After the Ren Ying Civilization Rebellion (1467 ~ 1477) ended, the authority of Ashikaga shogunate declined, and its guardian name declined, and the new strongman brought Japan into the Warring States period. After Shangshan Qianxin entered the Kanto, in the fourth year (156 1), he compiled the family genealogy of Kanto heroes into Notes on the Kanto Curtain, and collected the genealogies of 25 1 aristocratic families in Musashi, Anfang, Shangzong, Xiazong and Ueno-centered Liu Chang. In addition, Miyoshi Nagayoshi's "Pattern Control of Abo's National Flag in this Scene" includes the family pattern of General Abo. This is the end of the heyday of the family line.

Family pedigree in the prosperous times.

The battle of Chuanzhong Island, the battle of Changxiao, the battle of cheap Yue, the battle of long-handed small shepherd ... and finally the battle of Guanyuan and Osaka twice. Yuan He, the world is at peace, and the warriors are no longer driven to the battlefield. Since then, flags, flag objects and horse seals have become useless, and the family line has returned to the official era and become a ritual vessel. Edo Daming goes to Edo to attend attendance every year, and uses family lines to identify his family on the way and when he enters the city. Therefore, the guns, long knives and even luggage of Daming's entourage should be painted with family patterns. At this time, the family pattern is the representative of surname and family.

Edo shogunate adopted the clothing system of Muromachi shogunate, and stipulated that the dresses outside the belt must have family lines. More than five officials wear "big grain" dresses, and the number of grains in the family varies from nine grades. The official pattern of the famous flag designated by the shogunate, called face pattern, original pattern and regular pattern, must be used in the ceremony of entering the city. What is used informally is called inner granule, or substitute granule, heterogranule and control granule.

Wu Jiajia pattern produced in Kamakura period was a practical symbol in the wars of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Muromachi and Warring States Period, and became a ceremony in Edo period, proclaiming that the world was peaceful.

Family patterns and landscapes

First, the meaning of family lines

The choice of family line almost always has its unique significance. Early families were only used for identification. With the passage of time, the types have gradually increased, and the family background has changed from simple to complex, leaving various influences in various times. Below, briefly explain the various meanings of the family line.

(1) Elegant

Family emblem is a decorative pattern, and the beautiful shape naturally becomes one of the factors in choosing family emblem. This family pattern mostly comes from the official's house, because the pattern of the official's house comes from the decorative patterns of clothes and cars. Compared with the Wu family pattern, the elegant family pattern obviously occupies the mainstream.

Family patterns, such as peony, rattan, gentian, papaya, grass, grass, chrysanthemum, water chestnut, apricot leaf, cypress, crane, plum bowl, butterfly, etc., are originally clothes patterns, so they are chosen according to their own hobbies.

② refers to things.

This kind of heraldry is mainly related to the origin of Miao characters. There are two kinds of weapons:

(1) Families directly related to Miao characters. For example, the pattern of torii is "torii", that of Kato is "Fujimaru with characters", that of Xiao Ye and Okubo is "Damen Temple", that of Kimura, Tian Mu and Zongnei is "Muzi", and that of Ishii, Gai Na, Sakai, Inoue, Underground and Iwagenfan is "well truss" or "shaft". There are many such family lines directly related to names.

(2) There are riddles and hints, which need thinking to understand. For example, Yoshino uses cherry blossom patterns because Yoshino's cherry blossoms are quite famous; One of Wu Teng's rattan pills counts wood grain, and the other counts wood grain as five on the abacus (five on the abacus, that is, a few beads in the upper half).

③ Ruixiang

Don't worry, it's not auspicious ... auspicious family lines mostly contain the desire to prolong life, eliminate disasters and solve problems, and make future generations prosperous and happy.

Some families are based on the second meaning of "referring to things", but there are also words such as sky, length, size, luck, vice and benefit. A typical example is Ishida's book "Lucky", which combines several auspicious characters into a family line, but fails to change his own destiny.

The auspicious family patterns circulated in ancient times include the royal chrysanthemum pattern: the chrysanthemum is tall and elegant, which is said to be the auspicious grass to prolong life. Toyotomi Hideyoshi's family model is the five-seven-tung tree, and "tung" refers to the phoenix tree, which stays in the mythical bird of China. Cranes live for a thousand years, turtles live for a thousand years. The meaning of blessing is also obvious, such as pusheng and crane pattern in the south.

④ Commemoration

This kind of family line mostly commemorates things in family history (things famous for the birthplace of their relatives or ancestors). Songpu family originated in Pinghu Valley in front of Feiqian, so it uses "Ye Ye Wen"; Gunney's family originated from the lying butterfly in Zandou County, Sanhe, so it uses the "floating butterfly pattern".

⑤ Wu Shang

The family pattern of the Wu family, going in and out of the alley of life and death, changed the pattern of the public and turned elegance into strength, which is a family pattern of martial arts.

Initially, sword shapes were added to family patterns, such as sword papaya, sword Tang Hua, sword sorrel, sword cypress, sword ling and sword plum bowl. In order to save the family, I left a flower-like pattern, hoping that future generations would be martial, and I added a sword-so there was this almost contradictory family pattern.

One of the three artifacts used to worship the gods is a razor. With the expansion of the samurai's power, swords and other weapons were painted with heraldry, which gradually became a custom. Similar family lines include bow, arrow, chord (snake eye), eagle feather, lion, deer, flag, sign, shovel and so on.

⑥ Faith

This family model is the expression of Shinto, Buddhism, Catholicism and Confucianism.

In the era of separatist regime, bloody tragedies such as besieged cities and field battles occurred frequently. Whether it is Shinto, Buddhism or Catholicism, many people have the desire to turn to religion for help. Religion is a rare comfort in troubled times.

The resulting coat of arms, based on their respective religious beliefs, consists of doctrines, mantras, sacrificial vessels, Buddhist instruments and so on. But they all expressed the hope of seeking Buddha's protection.

In the family crest, the crest related to this kind is the most.

Appendix: Interpretation of the meaning, terms and sects of faith

1 Shinto

From the top to the gods, stone gods and land gods (), there are "eight million gods", which shows their large number. Moreover, God always has to adapt to the times, which leads to the ups and downs of faith. In the era of Wu, the most revered warrior was the bow and arrow god in Hachiba Palace, followed by Kumano Izumi, visiting the Ming God, Mishima Ming God and the God of the sky.

Based on the belief in these gods, there are gods, Shenmu, Shencao, Shen Wen and other gods in the family to protect them.

god

Most of the messengers of God are birds and beasts, as if birds and beasts are predestined friends with God. Examples are the eagle of Asu, the deer in spring, the dove of Eight Banners, the fox of Millian, the heron of Qi Bi, the tortoise with loose tail, and the "カラス" of Kumano.

Shenmu

There must be trees in the shrine, and the trees have become the instructions and symbols of the gods (really accidental, there are endless people seeking happiness), such as Chinese fir patterns.

Shencao

The grass used in the sacrificial activities is called sacred grass, how to "He Maokui" in Maoming, and the patterns of leaves and cypresses. Ben Duo's "God" by He Mao and Song Ping (Tokugawa), an admirer of He Mao, both used the pattern of "sunflower". The patterns of leaves and cypress leaves commonly used as offerings in ancient times became family patterns after visiting the official family of Shen Ming Shrine.

Shen Wen

Shenwen is the emblem used by the shrine itself, which is included in the tattoo of the Red Army shrine. Well-known gods include Shinohara's visit to the leaves of the Ming God, the plum bowl full of palaces, the tortoise shell of Izumo Society and the word "you", the folding word of the Ishima shrine, and the eagle feather of the Ashu shrine. In addition, there are a few examples that regard the related buildings and sacrificial utensils of the shrine as the family line, such as thousands of bottles of fishwood (X-shaped cross-shaped wood at both ends of the cross beam building of the shrine), bottles, injection ropes, mitarai, forehead and torii.

② Buddhism

In belief, Shinto takes this world as its concept, while Buddhism pays attention to things beyond this world, such as the afterlife and death. Compared with Shintoism, Buddhism pays less attention to decoration.

Religious instruments and Buddhist instruments become heraldry, in addition to their religious significance, which may also be related to their neat and elegant shapes and family lines.

Lunbao

It symbolizes that the earth is uneven and all obstacles are broken.

star

The wonderful symbols of bodhisattva belief such as seven hexagrams and nine hexagrams. Chiba's family tattoos are Nine obsidians and Moon Star.

A symbol of good fortune

Buddha's chest is a collection of auspicious virtues, releasing the mark of great light.

No words

The reason of Zen belief.

③ Catholicism

When Catholicism spread to Japan, there were many believers in the northeast of Kyushu. Because foreign teachers were forbidden in the Tokugawa era, there were very few families handed down. However, the descendants of enthusiastic believers still left a garden guard, クルス (what is it? ), cross and other family lines that imitate the shape of the cross.

④ Confucianism

Confucianism is naturally a religion from China, and its family pedigree is mainly based on the Eight Diagrams in the Book of Changes, such as Eight Diagrams, Liang Yin and Shou Ziwen. Two quotations are the most common family lines, such as two quotations from the family of General Ashikaga and three quotations from the family of San Pu.

Five cults

In that superstitious era, cult spells were popular among the people, and there were all kinds of things to avoid disasters and treat diseases, prolong life and get happiness. Examples of such family lines are Abe Qingming Seal, Jiuzi, and Cage Eye.

Second, the classification of families.

Family lines are mostly symmetrical objects, and there are many kinds. Here, try to make a simple classification.

① Plants

More animals are used, which shows the influence of Buddhism.

Examples: Ginkgo biloba, pine, diarrhea, rice, bamboo, taro, cypress, lotus, Nadeshiko, sunflower, peony, iron wire, Toona sinensis, plum, cherry, water chestnut, Queena Ding, water chestnut, tung, platycodon grandiflorum, chrysanthemum, rattan, Polygonum cuspidatum, etc.

② Animals

Mammals, birds and insects are widely used.

Examples: lion, phoenix, deer, horse, rabbit, crane, eagle (eagle feather), goose, pigeon, sparrow, thousand birds, turtle, butterfly, clam and so on.

③ Instrument

Most of them are necessities of life.

For example: wheel treasures, garden guards, passbook, coins, bells, bows and arrows, swords, weapons, array caps, shovels, string disks, apricot leaves, thorns, sail cranes, rudders, thorns, cars, round fans, fans, five virtues, hats, Zhou Bin, cotton and silk.

④ Architecture

Unlike equipment, it stands somewhere and cannot move.

For example: thousands of jade trees, Gan Lan, torii, foreheads, shafts, well trusses, buddhist nun, stone stacks, etc.

⑤ pattern

All kinds of straight lines, curve patterns, painting patterns.

Examples: Ling, Qieling, Liang Yin, Mujie, Folding, Mi Wife, Yamagata, Cage Step, Tortoise Shell, Scale, Horn, Bar, Wheel, Papaya, Wheel Violation, Snake Step, Scroll, Tanghua, くつわ, Tangcao, Rizu and so on.

6. Characteristics

Most of the characters selected by family lines have auspicious meanings, and the calligraphy and painting are concise and complete.

Example: one, two, three, five, six, eight, nine, ten, hundred, ten thousand, big, small, moon, water, sky, mountain, Sichuan, nowhere, forest, Shanghai, China, Canada, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, dragon, well and so on.

All landowners symbol

The combination of words and patterns is mostly a spell.

Example: Abe Qingming seal, nine characters.

Today, astronomy, nature

Sun, moon, stars, waves, snow, clouds and so on.

Examples: sun, moon, stars, clouds, clouds, water and so on.

Third, briefly introduce the family line.

● Gentiana pattern

Gentian pattern is the representative family pattern of Yuanjia.

Speaking, Gentiana macrophylla was originally a misnomer of China. Stir-fried root as medicine is bitter and effective.

One year, someone passed by Erguang Mountain (two barren hills? ), in the snow, I suddenly saw a big white rabbit prancing. The rabbit dug up a blade of grass in the snow and jumped away. Pedestrians were deeply surprised, pulled up the grass and bit the grass root, which tasted bitter; However, after a while, the whole person was full of vitality. This herb discovered by pedestrians is Gentiana, which is said to make people feel extraordinary.

Gentiana scabra has purple flowers every autumn, which looks pitiful. Some people draw their flowers and leaves, which are called gentian patterns. In Heian period, nobles often weave and embroider clothes patterns in the style of gentian patterns.

Gentiana is used in the family. According to the known information, it has been in my home for a long time. It is recorded in the book: "For a long time, all the adults in my family have' Gentiana' tattoos". Tattoos are a kind of clothing. In addition, "Dayao Copy" records that Zong Fu of the Intermediate People's Court wrote Qin Gui's script. Families such as wicker, salt warehouse, thousand species and long history in Genji village are scrambling to use gentian family patterns. In the Wu family, the guardian red pine family claimed to be Genji Murakami, so in addition to the Ba pattern, the gentian pattern was also used.

Of course, these officials and guardians may not be attractive to a government. The real heavyweight is the origin of Genji Qingchuan. Genji in kabuki, such as "Persuade into Account" and "Revenge of Zeng Ming", are all dressed up with gentian. In the play, Lai Chao's mother was pregnant because of a ghost, and her son was called a ghost fighter, which was later General Yuan Lai Chao.

Family bloodline is a symbol of the Wu family. As Lai Chao is an elder of Genji and a member of the Wu family, the family lineage used by Lai Chao has been handed down. Therefore, people who call themselves Genji regard Lai Chao as Genji's elder and often use gentian patterns.

Muzeng Zhongyi used the pattern of gentian, and Muzeng, who claimed to be a descendant of Zhong Yi during the Warring States Period, also inherited the family pattern, and it is still the chapter of Muzeng Town, Nagano Prefecture. In addition, Kamakura City, where the Laichao shogunate is located, now takes Gentiana as the city chapter.

Other families with gentian as their genealogy include Tang Ben, Racecourse, Miyagawa and Ishikawa, as well as Ishikawa and Guqiao. They are all gentlemen, mostly families close to Lai Dynasty. Gentiana scabra in Lai Dynasty became the representative genealogy of Qinghe Genji, and the original Gentiana scabra also evolved into Gentiana scabra, Gentiana scabra, and Gentiana scabra, but it was painted red in a certain dynasty. ...

● Sunflower pattern

Original sunflower pattern

The sunflower pattern was originally the god pattern of the Hemao Shrine in Kyoto. In mid-May every year, Jiamao Shrine holds Jiamao Festival, and worshippers decorate their crowns with sunflower, nicknamed "Kwai Festival".

Noble people who believe in Jia Mao and Ming Shen use sunflower patterns in family patterns. In the family pattern, Nishida, an aristocratic family in Chuanjing County, Danbo, used "two-leaf sunflower". Many local tyrants in Sanhe, such as Songping, Benduo, Ai Yin and Teru Shimada, used sunflower patterns in the early Warring States period, but the specific patterns are unknown. In the eighth year of Qing Dynasty, Tokugawa Ieyasu became the general of conquering foreigners, and the Kwai Wen era began. Sixteen years after the celebration, it became the unique coat of arms of Tokugawa (Songping) family.

Accurately speaking, the family pattern of General Tokugawa's family is "three-leaf sunflower", sometimes called "three-leaf sunflower". In Historical Records of Tokugawa, "Imperial Pattern" is called "Sunflower Painting".

Tokugawa family and clover sunflower

Before the Songping family changed its surname to Tokugawa, the family line was already a three-leaf sunflower passed down from generation to generation. Compared with the old family model, the number of leaves in sunflower is more than two, and a circular pattern is added. This is said to be the original creation of the Songping family and has become their characteristic.

In addition, the tomb of Guangzhong, the father of Konka in Songying Temple, is engraved with the pattern of sword and ginkgo.

The family line of the previous generation of famous artists often represents the family, such as Sasaki's fan line. If the Songping family is really the Xintian family of the last generation of Qinghe Genji claimed by Kang Jia, its family lineage should be Dazhong Hei, or an unnamed family lineage with one sunflower attracting two or three leaves, which represents the mystery of the origin of the Songping family.

The origin of Songping family sunflower pattern as a family pattern is as follows:

The first statement: Songping Qingkang's water sunflower device

Konka's grandfather, Qing Kang, is said to be a man who can win the world if he lives to be thirty. When Qingkang defeated Hata, the mayor of Sanhe Guotian, Benduo, the mayor of Yinai, was loyal in the court and celebrated with sunflower as a vessel. Qingkang was very happy, and since then, Kwai has been the home pattern (in my opinion, this statement is really like the Qingkang Yi language created by the imaginative Edo literati. )

The second statement: follow the family line of Sakai and Bendo.

The Sakai family is closely related to the ancestors of the Songping family. The Sakai family, who served as a shogunate conservative for generations in the Edo period, originally belonged to the Matsuhei family adopted by the son-in-law, and has already belonged to the kinship. The Noriko Sakai family is one of the Jiamao clans, so it uses the writer's sunflower pattern. After Matsuhei adopted this model, Sakai changed the family model to "sword model" in order to avoid confusion.

The family pattern of our family is "standing sunflower pattern", in which the sunflower is divided into three leaves. The Songping family may have only slightly modified this model. Later, the shogunate was dissatisfied with the fact that this family used the same pattern as the general's family and asked this family to choose another pattern. The family didn't know enough, arguing that "sunflower pattern is our family pattern". The implication is that your Tokugawa family used this style earlier than ours.

The third statement: Songping's family is Jiamao.

Three generations of Mu of Songping family once called themselves "Jia Mao's courtiers". If the Songping family itself is a Jiamao clan, it is not surprising to use sunflower patterns.

ο Limitations of Trifoliate Sunflower

The general's family has strict restrictions on the use of royal clover sunflower. Genji's elder, Wu Jia Liang Dong's family pattern of clover sunflower is a symbol of authority, so it is of course meaningful to control the arbitrary use of clover sunflower pattern.

At first, the lanterns of imperial merchants could be painted with three-leaf sunflower patterns, and it was not until the third year of Tianhe (1683) that the word "imperial" was changed, and some monasteries also allowed the use of three-leaf sunflower. In the era of Tokugawa Yoshinaga, a general of the eighth generation who enjoyed the eight-year warranty (1723), the use of the three-leaf sunflower pattern was definitely restricted, because the three-leaf sunflower pattern was used in Yamamoto Zuo in the third year of Zheng De (17 13) and the eighth year of warranty (1723).

However, the famous artifacts that have survived now occasionally have the imprint of the three-leaf sunflower pattern. What is the explanation? There are several possibilities: from the general's family; General's children's wedding supplies; A person who welcomes the general's family as an adopted son can use the clover sunflower pattern all his life.

Every Wen Jia in Song Ping in the Edo era.

Song Pingxue is smart-"Upper Feather Butterfly Ball" or "Left Eight".

Songping Andy's Home —— Sunflower with Three Leaves or Liu Kui.

Songping Eagle Family-"Maru Ye Mudan" or "Six Queena Ding".

Matsumoto Pinto (Takamatsu) Family-"Marubi Sankui" or "Liu Kui".

Songping Meitu's Home-"Octagonal Sunflower" or "Six Sunflowers"

The Baoke family in Songping (in "Fire and Frying", the owner of Huijin Francisco, Baoke Ichiro, was invented. In fact, it was not until the twentieth year of Kuanyong that the Baoke family entered Huijin, which was previously the territory of Maruko Meiji or Huameiji, the son of Kato Akira No.1.

Song Ping gave it to (Xiwei)' s family-Maruko and Sunflower.

Matsuhei Fujii's Home: "Burying Oxalis" or "Wu Santong"?

Matsui Matsui's family-"Ye Ye" or "She Cang Mei" (strange, what does this family have to do with Luo Ao She Cang? )。

Songping Aoping (enduring) family-"Nine Yao" or "Songzhu Peijuntuan Rice".

Songping Aoping family-"Nine Yao" or "Nine Yao in the army" (Aoping family is said to come from Tongyu Party, and its family pattern is that the army is equipped with a round fan. After giving the surname Songping, the army is equipped with a round fan as the secondary pattern).

Hata Matsuhira-Six Stars.

Matsuhei Okauchi's Home-"Table Three Models" or "Three Butterflies and Sixteen Leaves Chrysanthemum".

Songping Benzhuang (Gong Jin) Home-"Jiumujie" or "Juba Fan".

● Tang Hua diamond pattern

In the offerings of Suoguo Temple, Shinji Takeda also painted a similar diamond pattern on the red vertical line.

It is recorded in "Chasing Punishment in Changcang" that Tang Ling was used by Otani, Takeda Ling was used by Jiafei and Ruoxia to protect Takeda's family, and the family with the same clan of Takeda's family used Ling He pattern, while Takeda Yimen and Yuanzhou Kogasawara used Songpiling as their family pattern.

Family Patterns recorded that Wutian used Songpiling and Tanghualing, Kogasawara used Sanjieling, Gulou used Tanghualing, and Akiyama also used Songpiling. The original text of "Looking at the Family Pattern" is:

"Pine ridge, takeda. Lai Yinan, Silla Saburo, Yiguang and Sun Ye. From the four subordinates, prepare to guard the government generals, and the child will be named Qianshou Maru. Yongcheng five years, according to the cold spring court captured Mr Abe lai, hence in Kyrgyzstan, pacify foreign thieves. At that time, I was entrusted by the gods and was awarded a first-class military flag and a collar. Yesterday, the Queen of Magic Art recruited three Koreans to use it. The magical queen wears armor and shields, and lives in the armor sleeves of Prince Daimyojin of Kyrgyzstan. The texture of this skirt is also cut with diamonds. After the reform of the three Han dynasties, the town lived in Tianjin and Kyrgyzstan to be admitted to the Hall of Fame. Today, according to the induction of spiritual god, it is given by the source Lion, which can be described as a wish for the future. Lai, male, Silla, Yiguang, although the son of Ji Zi, passed it on according to his father's love, that is, all the flags are red. The flag bearer has no stripes on the white background, and the armor has loose diamonds, so the last generation of Yiguang is a tattoo. "

● Papaya pattern

Nobunaga's family background. It is said that the other side of the sea (China? ) Noble patterns from the Wu family are widely used in society. However, Ma Guozao's descendants used many designs of papaya in the grass department, including asakura's family and Oda's family from asakura's family, so it was the same design as asakura's family. The pattern of housekeeping contains "Introduction to Two Papaya"-Fuyong's and "Six Papaya"-Zhang Weishou is under the official guard in Hanoi, Yu Sa, and "Two Papaya"-Ebinna and Qi Zhengzhen, "Close Papaya"-in addition, "Siつ Papaya" is used by Yagi, Obuchi and Ikeda Chongzheng. "Three cups of papaya, two cups of papaya, two cups of papaya" belongs to Miki's family.

● Tung pattern

"A completely settled model of Tong people" (Family Model of Knowledge and Experience).

Since Go Daigo gave the pattern of Tung to his teacher in Ashikaga, people in Ashikaga, such as Ji Liangjia (dismounted), Yisejia, Guanling Gushan, Hosokawa Morihiro, and some meritorious figures, such as Yoshinaga Miki, Matsunaga Hisahide, Shangshan Qianxin and ōtomo Sōrin, have successively received the pattern of Tung given by the Emperor. In the second year of Lu Yong (1559), Emperor Akimachi ascended the throne and received money from the Maori family, which not only rewarded the Maori family with two or three official positions, but also awarded chrysanthemum patterns and tung patterns. Later, the last general, Ashikaga Yoshiaki, gave the bronze statue of May 7th to Oda Shinbu, and Oda Shinbu gave the bronze statue to Toyotomi Hideyoshi and Konka. The value of tung pattern is similar to that of a medal.

● Alisma orientale pattern

Alisma orientalis is an aquatic plant used as a horse marker in Toyotomi Hideyoshi, which is native to the wood. Fukushima masanari, a relative of Muxia, was given the surname of Tamaki. He used "Alisma Erekat" as the family line, and other famous artists such as Maori, Mizuno, Doi, Asano Nagaakira, Aoping and Sakai also used it. Legend has it that Mao Liyuan chased the enemy to the river, and when he saw the soldiers stop because the water was full of Alisma orientalis, he shouted, "Beat grass, beat insects." The whole army was excited and won.

In addition, this is also the family mode used by shiina, the owner of Yue Chongsongcang, which is recorded in Audio-visual Family Mode.

● Samsung pattern

The word "Samsung" of Maori family is one of the most famous family lines in the Warring States period. Samsung refers to the general star and the left and right general stars, representing the three Wu Shen beliefs; A word pronounced "カツ" is said to be awe-inspiring to read. In the Family Pattern of Experience, there are three "Samsung" names: Ben Xiang family, Watanabe family and Shi Ting family, Gai Na family, Maori family, bamboo and rattan family, Li Mao family, Shi Ye family and Li Mao family. The word "auspicious" and "auspicious" are widely popular family patterns in Ishikawa and Houbei areas.

Six cents lower.

The significance of Liulian Money is related to Buddhism.

It turns out that the military commanders of Ye Zi's family in Xinzhou, such as Hai Ye, Wang Yue, Ginny and Tian Zhen, are all tattooed with geese, just like Inoue, Akai, Shanglin and Yamaguchi. The primitive family model of the real Tian family is "tying the goose gold"

Yukio Hayano changed his surname to Tian Zhen. Since then, I have made several military achievements from Takeda's family, and I was given a "sixpence" flag seal by Xinxuan, which has been used for decades. In the final battle of Guanyuan, Sanada Masayuki and Xing Cun joined the Xiliang Army, but Chang Xing's eldest son was lucky enough to join the Dongliang Army. After the defeat of the Western Army, the Xinxin series was renamed Xinxin, and the family pattern was changed to "one-つ-Zhou Waterfront Pattern". After two battles in Osaka in the last years of Kyung Yong, Makita Company Six disappeared completely.

There is also a family pedigree related to money. Shixian Xiujiu, whose territory was confiscated after the defeat of Zuochuan, made money with square holes. The inscription is "Yongle Bao Tong" which flowed into Japan in large quantities during the Warring States Period-surprisingly unique.

● Platycodon grandiflorum pattern

"Slapping the rustic Platycodon grandiflorum in the face" is not a slap in the face, but refers to the cooperation and unity of the rustic people with Platycodon grandiflorum as the family pattern, which revived the power of Meinong. The existence of Twitch's family is recorded in the Family Model of Knowledge:

"Platycodon grandiflorum. But there is no watercolor on the screen. Twitch and Guang Lai IV: The End of Sun Guofang. Lai's uncle Zheng, the national housing owner, is also known as Zhu Wen Maru. There are four generals going down, taking Tianjin and guarding the government. The rustic surname is the source, so it is a tattoo person. When it turns white, it is considered as water color. In the past, it was only used.