? Antisocial personality disorder

Antisocial personality disorder in English is called antisocial personality disorder, also known as "contrary to morality", "disciplinary type", "ruthless personality disorder" is one of the personality disorders. "It is one of the personality disorders, mostly seen in males.

The so-called personality disorders, refers to childhood or adolescence development of serious personality defects, or personality in general does not adapt to a class of mental anomalies. Personality disorders lead to an inability to adapt to normal social life, manifested by emotional and volitional disorders, but no abnormalities in thinking and intelligence, and clear consciousness. Personality deficits in such people are persistent and stubborn, and most continue into adulthood or even remain unchanged throughout life.

Antisocial personality is also known as psychopathic or sociopathic, paradoxical personality, and so on. Among the various types of personality disorders, antisocial personality disorder is the most emphasized by psychologists and psychiatrists.

In 1835, the German Prichard first proposed the diagnostic name "paradoxical mania". It is pointed out that the patient appeared instinctive desire, interest hobby, temperament, moral cultivation of abnormal changes, but there is no intelligence, cognitive or reasoning ability of the obstacles, and there is no delusion or hallucination. Later, the name of "paradoxical mania" was gradually replaced by "antisocial personality", and nowadays antisocial personality disorder is referred to as personality disorder in the narrow sense of the term. This type of personality caused by the most illegal and criminal behavior, the same nature of repeated crimes, crimes particularly cruel or aggravating circumstances of the inmates, 1 / 3 - 2 / 3 of them belong to this type of personality disorder. Its *** same psychological characteristics are: emotional outbursts, behavioral impulsivity, coldness to society to others, hatred, lack of good feelings and sympathy, lack of responsibility, lack of shame and repentance, disregard for social morality and legal norms and generally accepted norms of behavior, often anti-social words and deeds; can not learn from the setbacks and punishments, the lack of anxiety and sense of guilt.

Personality disorders are not psychiatric disorders, but according to tradition and actual clinical diagnosis and treatment, they are psychological disorders, mental illnesses, or psychological diseases. Therefore, the treatment is different from mental illness, the patient is legally responsible for their own criminal behavior, but the sentence is lighter. Since it is a mental illness, in addition to social education, management methods or criminal treatment, it should also receive comprehensive prevention and treatment measures such as psychotherapy and psychological training to alleviate the symptoms.

Personality disorders should be clearly distinguished from personality changes. Personality disorders are the manifestation of inadequate psychological development, personality problems that appear in childhood and adolescence, and then take on a distinctly pathological personality in adulthood and continue throughout life. Personality changes, or secondary personality changes to be more precise, usually occur in adulthood, as a result of personality deviations that occur after a serious physical illness, organic brain disease, psychiatric illness, or severe psychiatric ***.

Causes and pathogenesis

The causes and pathogenesis of pathological or antisocial personality disorder have not been elucidated. The following information is available:

1. Genetics. The incidence of the disorder in relatives is positively correlated with blood relationship, that is, the closer the blood relationship, the higher the incidence. It has been shown that the rate of abnormal electroencephalograms is higher in both parents of the patient; monozygotic twins have a higher rate of personality concordance, very similar electroencephalograms, and a higher rate of delinquency than dizygotic twins. Foster children with pathological personalities had a higher incidence of pathological personalities compared with normal controls.

2. Poor brain development. Electroencephalography confirms that patients with this type of personality have immature brain development and may have had brain damage. From the pathopsychological analysis, the patient's psychological behavior has the characteristics of childishness and very immaturity, which is a pathological change of personality immaturity.

3. Family and social environment. Many surveys have shown that childhood trauma, unholy family relationships, poor family education and poor social environment factors also play an important role in causing disease. It is a recognized fact that human personality formation has great plasticity, especially in infancy and childhood.