Song Lian is a famous writer. What are the stories about Song Lian?

Song Lian (1310165438+1October 4th? -1381June 20), first named Shou? , the word Jinglian,No. Qianxi, alias Longmenzi, Zhen Xuan Dun and other Han people. Originally from Jinhua, he moved to the west (now Yiwu, Zhejiang) and later moved to Pujiang, Jinhua (now Pujiang, Zhejiang). A famous politician, writer, historian and thinker in the early Ming Dynasty. Together with Gao Qi and Liu Ji, they are called "three great poets in early Ming Dynasty", and together with Zhang Yi, Liu Ji and Ye Chen, they are called "four gentlemen in eastern Zhejiang". Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, praised him as "the head of the founding civil servants", and scholars called him Taishigong and Song Longmen. ?

Song Lian was ill since childhood, and his family was poor, but he was smart and studious, so he was known as a "child prodigy". He was employed by Ji Meng, Wu Lai, Liu Guan, Huang Cheng and others. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, he resigned from the imperial court and ordered monks to write books. In the early Ming Dynasty, he was hired by Zhu Yuanzhang and was honored as a teacher of the Five Classics, giving lectures for Prince Zhu Biao. In the second year of Hongwu (1369), he was ordered to major in Yuan history. Most of the court etiquette was formulated for him when he was tired of being an official and learned the imperial edict from the Hanlin bachelor. Hongwu ten years (1377), resigned as an old man and returned to his hometown. Later, because his eldest grandson was involved in the Hu case, he was demoted to Maozhou and died in Kuizhou at the age of 72. Ming Wuzong pursued "Wen Xian", so he called it "Song Wenxian".

Both Song Lian and Liu Ji are famous for their prose creation, and they are called "the Sect of a Generation". His prose is either concise or graceful and elegant, each with its own characteristics. He admired Taige literature, and his style was honest and elegant, which provided a model for the literary creation of later "Taige style" writers. Most of his works were carved into seventy-five volumes of The Complete Works of Song and Shi Xue.

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Statue of Song Lian

Song Lian learned a lot from studying Buddhism and Taoism, especially Buddhist classics. In the view of Heaven and Nature, he borrowed the theory of "Qi mother" used by doctors and early Taoists, that is, "Qi is the mother of life", and thought that the rise and fall of the universe, the joy of the four seasons and the prosperity of the world were all due to the operation of "Qi mother" or "vitality". This kind of "qi mother" or "vitality", "it has no roots and people have no doors", and the list is endless. Although people can't perceive it, it does exist. Song Lian believes that reason, the heart of heaven and earth, is absolute, and it leads to all things and movements through vitality. Nature is full of vitality because the endless "heart of heaven and earth" runs through vitality. In his view, seeking the Tao, learning the Tao and cultivating one's morality lies in knowing and obtaining this "heart of heaven and earth" so that "my heart" can be "flushed", "deep", "enlightened", "condensed" and "full" If we can do this, people can be in harmony with heaven and earth, with the sun and the moon, and with the four seasons, thus realizing the "gentleman's way." The reason why people can recognize the "heart of heaven and earth" is because it has Tai Chi, which is all-encompassing, so it can respond to the "Tai Chi" of heaven and earth, and the so-called recognition of the "heart of heaven and earth" is just to express the original "heart of heaven and earth". The essence of the Six Classics is to record the principle of "my heart", so the Six Classics and "heart" are equally absolute. "The heart is the classics, and the classics are the heart", which are inseparable. This attitude reflects Jinhua's tradition of attaching importance to Confucian classics and history.

Song Lian called "the heart of my body" "the treasure of the world", so people have their own saints in their hearts, and the key lies in how to "know each other" and "clear their hearts". The method of "intimate" and "pure heart" is to constantly eliminate "human falsehood" and achieve "intention". The way to get rid of "human falsehood" lies in learning, and the content of learning is to record the six meridians of the sage's heart. At the same time, Song Lian also talked about the reference, but did not discuss its specific methods and steps. On the contrary, he is more keen on advocating Buddhism as the only way to break the border and taking Buddhism as the "door of human nature". Therefore, Song Lian's study has the characteristics of Zhu Xue and Xue Lu, and is influenced by Buddhism. ? His theory is a link in the evolution of Zhu Luhe's thoughts from Yuan Dynasty to Wang Xue's appearance in the middle of Ming Dynasty. ?

literature

A generation of literati

Song Lian

Portrait of Song Lian

Both Liu Ji and Liu Ji are famous for their prose creation, and they are called "the Sect of One Generation". He insisted that Ming Dow's prose should seek truth from facts, draw lessons from classics, emphasize "expressing one's will", pay attention to "changing things" and demand "feeling things with things", so his prose is rich in content and has certain artistic skills. His prose is either concise or graceful and elegant, each with its own characteristics.

Since the founding of the Ming Dynasty, the system of emperors' rites and music was mostly formulated by Song Lian, and Liu Ji praised it as "the first product today". Ji Chuanru, such as Qin Shilu, Biography of Wang Mian and Biography of Li Yichuan, can grasp the details, highlight the personality, exaggerate less, but infect deeply; Scenery such as "Preface to Peach Blossom Creek Poetry" and "Huancui Pavilion" are simple and delicate, like Ouyang Xiu.

Because of Song Lian's prominent position and the prosperity of the founding of the People's Republic of China in the early Ming Dynasty, his writing style was clean and elegant? In the article, there are many contents praising feudal rule and promoting feudal morality. Some articles, such as Reading the River and Lou Ji, are full of scenes, but they are tired of whitewashing words. Song Lian's article provided a model for the later "Tiger Style" writers' literary creation. In addition, influenced by Buddhism and Taoism, some of Song Lian's works are also gloomy and sentimental. His literary fame spread far and wide overseas. During the Hongwu period (1368- 1398), envoys from Korea, Japan, Annan and other countries paid double the price for Song Lian's collected works.

Personal work

Song Lian's works include New Theory of Filial Piety, Zhou Lun, hundred schools of thought Contention, Biography of Longmenzi's Ning Dao, 30 volumes of Ganxi's Internal and External Collection, 25 volumes of Luanpo Collection, 2 volumes of Luoshan Poetry Collection, 2 volumes of Puyang Characters, 40 volumes of Hanyuan Collection, and Song History/kloc. Wait a minute. [28]? He is the author of 20 volumes of Bian Hai Lei and Hongwu Zheng Yun 16. Zeng edited Yuan Shi 2 10. Except the History of Emperor Wu of Hong, which is a single line, and the History of Yuan Dynasty, all other works were later combined into the Complete Works of Song Dynasty (also known as the Complete Works of Song Wenxian or the Collected Works of Song Dynasty) with 75 volumes. Among them, "Preface to seeing Ma Sheng off to Yang" contains the unit of 8th grade classical Chinese in People's Education Edition. In the next generation, Song Lian is the first person to open a private library.

Historical science

Historian Song Lian presided over the compilation of Yuan History (Volume 2 10). Wang Yi compared it with Sima Qian [29]? , the quartet scholars call it Tai Shigong. His achievements in literature masked his achievements in history. It is said that he was good at remembering historical times when he was studying Three Biographies of the Spring and Autumn Annals in his youth. As an adult, I also like to create biographies and epitaphs. He changed the previous method of admonishing your majesty with history as a mirror, and created a method of admonishing your majesty with today as a mirror. He is a school of "learning while learning". Hongwu Zheng Sheng's Record of Political Affairs and his other book Biography of Puyang had a great influence in the history of Ming Dynasty. However, Song Lian's historiography is only a tool for him to promote Confucian classics. Although he writes about history, he doesn't want to be famous for it. Song Lian's creation in the history of Yuan Dynasty is incomparable with his essays, fables and other works.