How many kinds of building foundation practices?

Foundation classification

1, according to the use of materials are divided into: gray soil foundation, brick foundation, rough stone foundation, concrete foundation, reinforced concrete foundation.

2, according to the depth of burial can be divided into: shallow foundation, deep foundation. Buried depth not more than 5M is called shallow foundation, more than 5M is called deep foundation.

3, according to the performance of the force can be divided into: rigid foundation and flexible foundation.

4, according to the construction form can be divided into strip foundation, independent foundation, full foundation and pile foundation. Full foundation is also divided into raft foundation and box foundation

A variety of foundation explanation

1) strip foundation: when the building is load-bearing brick wall, the wall foundation is often set up continuously, the formation of a long strip foundation.

2) Rigid foundation: It is a foundation constructed of materials with high compressive strength and low flexural and tensile strength. The materials used are concrete, brick, masonry, mortar, concrete, etc., which can be generally used for six-story and below civil buildings and wall bearing light plant.

3) Flexible foundation: with tensile and flexural strength are very high material construction of the foundation is called flexible foundation. Generally made of reinforced concrete. This kind of foundation is suitable for the superstructure load is relatively large, the foundation is relatively soft, with rigid foundation can not meet the requirements of the situation.

4) Independent foundation: when the upper part of the building for the frame structure or separate columns, often using independent foundation; if the columns for the prefabricated, the cup-shaped foundation form.

5) full foundation: when the upper structure under the load is very large, the foundation bearing capacity is very low, the independent foundation can not meet the foundation requirements, the lower part of the building is often made into a whole piece of reinforced concrete foundation, become a full foundation. According to the structure is divided into two types of raft foundation and box foundation.

6) raft-shaped foundation: raft-shaped foundation image of the raft floating in the water. Well-format foundation and reinforced concrete plate connected to a piece, greatly increasing the contact area of the building foundation and foundation, in other words, the unit area of the foundation soil layer to withstand a reduction in the load, suitable for weak foundations and the upper load of the building is relatively large.

7) box foundation: when the raft foundation depth is large, and there is a basement, in order to increase the rigidity of the foundation, the basement floor, roof and wall cast into the whole box foundation. Box-shaped internal space constitutes a basement, with greater strength and rigidity, mostly used in high-rise buildings.

8) Pile foundation: when constructing relatively large industrial and civil buildings, if the foundation of the weak soil layer is thicker, the use of shallow buried foundation can not meet the requirements of foundation strength and deformation, often using pile foundation. The role of pile foundation is to transfer the load through the pile to the deeper buried hard soil layer, or through the friction around the pile to the foundation. According to the method of construction, they can be categorized into reinforced concrete precast piles and grouted piles. Supplementary knowledge will cover pile foundations in detail.

9)Ash foundation:It is a foundation made of lime, earth and water in proportion and compacted in layers. The strength of gray soil increases with the increase of lime content within a certain range. However, after exceeding the limit, the strength of gray soil will be reduced. This is because slaked lime precipitates water during calcification, which increases the plasticity of slaked lime.

10)Brick foundation:Brick as a masonry material, the formation of the foundation of the building. Is China's traditional brick masonry method, modern often with concrete structures with the construction of residential, school buildings, offices and other low-rise buildings.

11) masonry foundation: is not less than MU30 strength level of masonry, not less than M5 mortar masonry and formation. In order to ensure the quality of masonry, the height of each step and the foundation of wool stone foundation width should not be less than 400mm, each step on both sides of the width of each outstretched should not be greater than 200mm. stones should be staggered lap masonry, mortar should be full of seam, and each step should not be less than two batches of wool stone. The frost resistance of the foundation of wool stone is better, in cold and wet areas can be used for the foundation of the building below 6 floors.

12)Concrete foundation: concrete as the main carrier of the foundation form, divided into unreinforced concrete foundation and reinforced reinforced concrete foundation 2 kinds.