What is the culture and art of Jiaozuo?

Jiaozuo's main historical and cultural and humanistic characteristics. Jiaozuo's underground civilization has accumulated layers and layers of civilization, and the cultural cloth on the ground has been sprinkled. Jiaozuo landscape is the human culture of the landscape, Jiaozuo humanities is the humanities of the landscape, mountains and people as one, inseparable.

Here is the birthplace of the human ancestor, there are Pangu open heaven and earth, Chinese ancestor Fuxi Nuwa married, Nuwa mending the sky, Xuan Yuan Huangdi prayed for the sky to break Chiyu, Dayu water and other myths and legends. The end of primitive society, located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin, Huai Chuan civilization on the attraction of the four sides of the hundred tribes, become the birthplace of the Chinese nation in the heart of the region.

This is the starting place of Shang Tang's revolution; it is the front base of King Wu's campaign against Zhou Zhou; it is the base camp of Guangwu's revival in the Later Han Dynasty; it is the source of "Zhengshi Xuanfeng" and the birthplace of Taiji culture with Bagua as its soul; it is the root place of water conservancy and resort culture; it is the root place of China's 46 surnames and the three surnames of Japan's Sakanoue, Ozou and Harada. The root place of the three surnames.

Shennong's place of sacrificing to the sky, tasting a hundred herbs, and the remains of the activities of Sun Simiao, the king of medicine, show the origins of ancient agriculture and medicine. Numerous ceramic relics unearthed and the ceramic ruins at Dangyangyu show that Huaichuan is the root of developed ceramic culture; Xia Xiaozheng, first issued by Dayu, is the root of China's calendar, and Taijiquan, originating in Chenjiagou, the eight-stage boxing of Yueshan Temple, and Ape Boxing of Jinying Temple prove that Huaichuan is the root of the Chinese martial arts, and that it is the center of Taoism and the holy land of Buddhism.

It is the hometown of many masters and titans. Confucius, Li Bai, Bai Juyi, Han Yu, and countless other historical figures have traveled here, or hidden away, or buried here. The "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove" of the Wei and Jin dynasties lived in Xiuwu Hundred Rocks, which had a great influence on them.

Jiaozuo is located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River in the north, agricultural development has a long history, with a fine tradition of farming. As early as 7,000 to 8,000 years ago, there are people here to plant corn and other food crops. From the Jiaozuo area excavated Neolithic culture sites, in addition to the discovery of a large number of stone shovels, stone axes, stone sickle, mussel knife and other production tools, there are wells, houses and other signs of primitive agricultural production. During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, the local agriculture has been very developed. Jiaozuo ancient handicrafts are also very developed. Mining, smelting, pottery, weaving and arts and crafts. During the Warring States period, there has been a coal mining industry, to the Ming and Qing Dynasties has a considerable scale of mining, continues to this day, so that Jiaozuo has the "coal city" name. From the archaeological excavation of cultural relics, the Spring and Autumn period here has begun to bronze production, the Eastern Han Dynasty Shanyang has become one of the country's larger smelting base, the Song Dynasty appeared in the production of weapons, agricultural tools, mainly workshop groups.

According to historical records, the city has 60 historical cities, of which there are 6 in the urban area; 335 shrines and temples, of which more than 70 in the urban area, and now statistics, the city has immovable cultural relics and monuments point 833, of which the national key cultural relics and conservation units of the 6, the provincial level 44, the county level 492, the urban area has immovable cultural relics and monuments point 214, of which the national key cultural relics and conservation units 1, the provincial level 6, the county level 492, there are 214 immovable cultural relics and monuments point There are 214 immovable cultural relics and monuments in the city, including 1 national key cultural relics protection unit, 6 provincial level and 81 municipal level. The Daocheng Railway, Ze Coal Sheng Mine, Fukushima Office and Money Bank reflect the history of modern coal city; Jiaozuo Institute of Technology (now Henan University of Technology) is the earliest higher education institution in Henan Province. Traditional history and culture still shine in today's Jiaozuo, and have been inherited and developed.

The period of the Yellow Emperor was a time of invention for the Chinese nation, with the rise of farming, housing, fishing and hunting, garment making, water storage, pottery making and other industries. The emperor advocated "science", and for those who had inventions, they were rewarded with an official title and assigned to specialize in a particular industry to give full play to their expertise.

The area around Jiaozuo was the fiefdom of Ning. Ning was the name of a man who was a tribal leader in the area of Jiaozuo. The land in this area was also called "Ningyi" after the name of the tribal leader. To this day, Xiuwu is simply called Ning, and Yuntai Mountain is called "Ningbei Mountain" because of this cultural origin.

The name of the Yellow Emperor came from the development of the yellow land and the development of agriculture. In the same period, why was Ning the person named after Ning? It is related to the culture of family lineage, to the culture of fertility. It was Ning who put an end to the social state of human beings without families and households, and started to form a family living style by blood relations, and to distinguish, continue and grow their offspring by procreation and fostering. Created the family as a social cell of social organization.

The area around Jiaozuo, so called Huaichuan, is also called Hanoi. When the Yellow Emperor's tribes were active in Henan and Hedong, and started the agricultural civilization, the Hanoi Ning tribe, in the middle of the three rivers, started the family civilization. Hanoi, between the mountains surrounded by water, rivers, lakes and swamps are connected, abundant water and soil salty, deep forests and grasses. The Ning people of the watery countryside, worship fire; the beginning of the family culture, the need for fire. The place where fire is fixed and preserved in the clay, the clay burns out the pottery quality, giving the Ning people the inspiration to make pottery.

Ning land soil is suitable for making pottery, as evidenced by the later Dangyangyu making stranded porcelain and stranded pottery, and Jiaozuo pottery kilns and porcelain kilns all over the Song Dynasty. Ning head of the pottery, good at making pottery, the Yellow Emperor named him "Taochen", people call him "Zi". This "Zi" is the "Zi" of Confucius, the meaning of "Mr.", and the meaning of "being authorized", which was worshipped as the god of pottery in the later generations.

A.D. 1896 (Qing Guangxu XXII), the Italian Rosa di as an acting priest, under the banner of the investigation of the "Sino-Japanese post-war situation," came to China, and discovered Jiaozuo this piece of high-quality anthracite coal treasure (Jiaozuo anthracite coal by the Queen of England known as "ballast", selected for royal use). (Jiaozuo anthracite was called "fragrant ballast" by the Queen of England and was chosen for royal use). After Rosaldi returned to Europe, he organized an Anglo-Italian joint company at 10 Cannon Street, London, England, in March 1897, and registered it according to the British law, naming it as British Fortune Company, or Fortune Company for short, and then set up an office in Beijing, with British Consul General in Shanghai, James Mason, as the general manager, to plan for plundering the coal resources of Shanxi and Jiaozuo. They used pressure and economic means to force the Qing government to give in, and expanded the business of Fook & Co. in China through the governor of Henan, Liu Osprey, who was the buyer of Fook & Co. On March 27, 1898, the Premier of the Qing government and Fook & Co. signed the contract of "Henan Mining, Iron Production and Transportation of Minerals" on March 27, 1898 with the permission of Emperor Guangxu. On July 20, 1902, without the formal signing of the Qing government to approve the situation, openly started to build the railroad from Sanliwan dock to Jiaozuo mining area. It was only at the end of that year that it agreed with the Qing government on the constitution of the Dao (then Daokou Town, Joon County, now Daokou Town, Slide County) and Ze (then Zezhou, Shanxi Province, now Jincheng City, Shanxi Province) railroads. The following year, the Qing government allowed the company to build the "Daozhe Railway" Daokou to Qinghua (Hanoi County Qinghua Town, today's Boai County Qinghua Town) a section of the line.

The earliest city in Henan Province to provide running water was Jiaozuo, which began in 1908, when the Yingfu Company utilized the No. 1 and No. 2 wells of the coal mines, installed pumping facilities, and built a brick square on the well platform with an iron round water tower, pumped water to the tower, and supplied water to the city through a pipeline.

The earliest use of electric lights and streetlights in Henan Province was in Jiaozuo, which began in 1919, when the British Shangfu Company and its employees had electric lights in their homes. Zhongshan East Street (now Xinhua Street) installed more than ten street lamps, cowbell lamp type.

The earliest power plant in Henan Province was the Jiaozuo Power Plant. Its predecessor is the British company Jiaozuo coal mine attached power plant, built in the thirty-first year of Guangxu (1905).

The Jiaozuo coal miners' strike, which broke out in 1925, was rare in the history of China's workers' movement in terms of its length, scale and ferocity. It dealt a heavy blow to the imperialist forces in Jiaozuo and strongly mobilized and inspired the people of Jiaozuo. It shook the Central Plains and won the reputation of China, and received great attention from people from all walks of life and famous leaders of the ****production party. Qu Qiubai, Liu Shaoqi, Zhao Shiyan, Wang Ruofei and others wrote articles and talks to evaluate and praise it, and on March 13, 1926, the eleventh day after the striking workers in Jiaozuo signed the conditions for resumption of work, Mao Zedong published an important article, "An Analysis of the Various Classes in Chinese Society," in China Youth. In the article, Mao enthusiastically compared the Jiaozuo coal strike with the Hong Kong seamen's strike, the Beijing-Hankow Railway strike, the Kailuan Coal Mine strike, the Guangzhou Shamian strike, and the strikes in Shanghai and Hong Kong after the May 30th Tragedy, praising them for their "special ability to fight", and criticizing the Jiaozuo coal workers for their "special ability to fight".

The Jiaozuo coal mine strike of 1925 was highly praised by the Chinese government for its anti-imperialist strike.

From then on, the thorough revolutionary spirit of the Jiaozuo coal miners, "especially capable of fighting", became the *** same wealth of the people of the whole country in the revolutionary struggle and socialist construction. Until now, the spirit of "especially able to fight" has been used in all walks of life, leading to a series of "especially able to suffer", "especially able to endure", "especially able to dedicate" and so on. Special dedication" and a series of ideological concepts to inspire people to move forward. The spirit of nationalism, patriotism, collectivism, and sacrifice and dedication constitute the deepest and richest connotation of the spirit of "special fighting" of Jiaozuo coal miners

Jiaozuo was inhabited by human beings as early as 8,000 years ago, during the period of clan communes.

During the Xia Dynasty, Jiaozuo was part of the Jizhou prefecture and was called Qinhuaidi.

Shang and Western Zhou Dynasty, Jiaozuo was a part of Gui Nei Di (畿內地), which belonged to the three states of Yong, Gan and Wen.

Eastern Zhou Dynasty: Nanyang of Jin.

The Warring States period belonged to Wei and Wei.

Qin was part of Sanchuan County.

Western Han Dynasty: Hanoi County, Jizhou.

Eastern Han Dynasty: Hanoi County, Sili Department.

Three Kingdoms: Hanoi County, Jizhou, Wei Province.

Jin It belongs to Hanoi County, Ji County and Xingyang County of Si Prefecture.

North and South Dynasties: Hanoi County and Xingyang County in Si Prefecture.

Later Wei Dynasty: Hennai County, Wude County, Ji County, Donghengnong County.

Sui: Hannei County, Ji County, Xingyang County.

The Tang dynasty was divided into Hanoi county, Huizhou, Hebei province, Hanyang Sancheng, Mengzhou, Henan province, Henan province, Henan province, and Xingyang county, Zhengzhou.

Five Dynasties It belonged to Huizhou, Mengzhou, Zhengzhou and Kaifeng Prefecture.

North Song Dynasty Subordinated to Hanoi County of Huizhou on the west road of Hebei, Jiyuan County on the north road of Beijing, Zhengzhou Fengning Military System on the west road of Beijing, and Kaifeng Prefecture of Jinggi.

Yuan It was divided into Huaiqing Road, Mengzhou, Hebei Road, Yannan and Hebei Provinces, and Bianliang Road, Henan Jiangbei Province.

Ming Subordinated to Huaiqing Road of Hanoi Buzhengji and Kaifeng Prefecture.

Qing Dynasty It belonged to Huaiqing Prefecture of Henan Province.

In 1913, Hanoi County was changed to Qinyang County, and in 1927 the eastern part of Qinyang County was transferred to Boai County, and Jiaozuo City was established on September 8, 1945, and in March 1948 it was changed to Jiaozuo County, and on October 15, 1949, it was changed to Jiaozuo Mining Area, which was transferred to the leadership of Xinxiang Administrative Commissioner Office of the plains province, and on November 15, 1952, the plains province was abolished, and the Jiaozuo Mining Area was transferred to Xinxiang Administrative Commissioner Office of the Henan Province. On July 9, 1956, Jiaozuo City was changed to Jiaozuo City under the direct leadership of Henan Province. on December 1, 1959, Xiuwu and Boai counties were assigned to the leadership of Jiaozuo City. on August 15, 1960, Xiuwu and Boai counties were withdrawn from the establishment of the city of Jiaozuo, and Wenxian was withdrawn from the establishment of the city of Jiaozuo; and Wenxian was incorporated in Qinyang County. on October 5, 1961, the establishment of Xiuwu, Boai and Wenxian counties was restored to the leadership of the Office of the Commissioner of Xinxiang Administration. On January 19, 1974, Jiaozuo City belongs to the dual leadership of Henan Province and the Xinxiang area. 1982 March, Jiaozuo City is designated as a provincial municipality. 1983 September 1, Xiuwu, Boai two counties under the leadership of the city of Jiaozuo. 1986 January, Wenxian, Wuzhi, Mengxian, Jiyuan, Qinyang five counties under the leadership of the city of Jiaozuo. 1988, Jiyuan County to Jiyuan. 1989, Qinyang County to Jiyuan City. In 1989, Qinyang County was changed to Qinyang City. 1997, Meng County was changed to Mengzhou City, Jiyuan City under the direct leadership of Henan Province. 2002, Jiaozuo City, Qinyang City, Mengzhou City, Xiuwu County, Wuzhi County, Wen County, Boai County, four counties and four urban areas of Jiefang District, Shanyang District, Zhongzhan District, Macun District, counting 116 townships (townships) offices.