What are the rules of bridge?

Bridge originated in England from a 17th-century card game called Whist, and it is said that in India, three British soldiers in India wanted to play cards, but there was a shortage of three, which led to the creation of an open hand, and thus, the structure and framework of the modern bridge was created. After another 300 years of development, modern bridge was created in the 1940's. At that time, a large number of good bridge players emerged, such as Rees from England, and Old Belladonna from the United States, and so on. The world's highest level of bridge competition: the Bermuda Cup also began in 1948.

Entering the 70s, the old generation of bridge players passed away one by one, people in their memory at the same time, the new bridge players gradually emerged, like the small Belladonna brothers, Zia and so on. New bridge players were emerging, such as the Belladonna Brothers, Zia, etc. They were growing up like a spring. At this stage, the bridge calling system was gradually perfected, and new calling systems were invented. After the level of calling was raised, the water rose, and the "ship" of playing cards was also high, and the methods of tightening and strangling, which were considered unattainable in the past, often appeared in the high-level competitions.

China's bridge level has also improved greatly since the reform and opening up of China in 1978. Under the leadership of Comrade Xiaoping, China has also seen the emergence of world-class masters, such as Master Pan Kaijian and Master Zhang Desheng, all of whom are models for bridge players to follow. It is worth mentioning: Comrade Xiaoping was once awarded the title of World Master for life by the World Bridge Association during his lifetime, and Comrade Wan Li was also awarded the Solomons Best Sitter Award in 1989. China is also proud of Mr. Wei Chungking, a Chinese-American, who invented the Precision Calling System, and his wife, "Ms. Dragon" Yang Xiaoyan, brought the Precision Calling Method to Taiwan, which made the Taiwan Women's Team win the Bermuda Championship in 76 and 78 years. It was the first time in the world that the "precision" fever was created.

Now China's national players are also at a higher level. The Chinese team has also achieved better results in the Bermuda Cup. Moreover, Master Pan Kaijian would talk about bridge on CCTV-5 every Monday, which opened the eyes of the majority of bridge players in China. After China's reform and opening up, there was once a bridge fever. But then after the 90s, bridge went cold. However, there are still a lot of bridge enthusiasts in universities. Up to now, there are not a few students who dropped out of the famous universities such as Peking University and Tsinghua University because of playing bridge. Of course, we do not encourage the emergence of such students to put bridge in a right position and regard bridge as a hobby. But it is these college students who are studying bridge as a hobby that are laying a solid foundation for the future of bridge in China.

What is Bridge

Bridge is an intellectual game played by four people divided into two teams of peers, using playing cards as the tools. Modern bridge (contract bridge) has gone far beyond a game and has become a worldwide sporting event with strict rules.

Bridge is a game in which a deck of 52 cards is played with the kings and queens removed. Four players are seated east, south, west and north. The first deck of cards is dealt by the North family, one by one in a clockwise direction, i.e. in the order of East - South - West - North - East ...... The order of distribution will be 52 cards. (13 cards per person)

Bridge is divided into four processes for each deck: dealing, calling, playing and scoring. The cards are dealt, called, and played in a clockwise direction.

Calling

Bridge enters the calling phase after the cards are dealt. The call is a very important stage, it is the process of exchanging full information between the two partners. It is also the process of finalizing a contract between the two partners. The quality of the call is an important indicator of the level of a bridge player. Some people say, "The meaning of the call is clearly defined in each system, so what is there to learn?" In fact, it is not, the randomness in the call is very important, a good bridge player makes a judgment through the situation given by the house, and his keen sense of smell can quickly feel whether the deck is able to become a game, whether there is a slam.

The language of the call is 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 and seven numbers and spades (spade), hearts (heart), diamonds (diamond), clubs (club), and no trump (No Trump). There are also Pass (-), Double (Double,X) and ReDouble (ReDouble,XX). Such 7 numbers and 5 symbols paired together make up 7*5=35 calls, and with the 3 Pass,Double,ReDouble, there are 38 calls in a ****.

Whenever you make a call, you have completed a call. Regardless of what (except Pass), any convention is going to have 6 base piers. For example, North opens with a 1S call, meaning that I am willing to take 7 piers with a black heart as a check. Of course this is a very innocent interpretation, and we will learn more about the meaning of the 1S call at a later date. The doubling is for the opponent's fixing, and the redouble is made after the doubling. The call is declared over after 3 Passes in a row in the call, then the last fixing will become final, and the dealer and the first attacker are identified. In the case of a post-deal call, when the first 3 players do not call, and the 4th player still does not call, then the call is declared over and is recorded as an All Pass, thus moving on to the next deck.

The call begins with the number of levels (i.e. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7), with level 2 being larger than level 1. In the same level, the largest NT,followed by the order of S-H-D-C, when the opponent makes 1 call, you must cover him with a call that is bigger than his. Of course, each call is not a random call, and you can't just cover it as you please. There are certain requirements for you to call this call, and you can only call it if you meet the requirements. This brings us to another issue, that is, the issue of the calling system, now the mainstream calling system is still the natural calling method, and the precise calling method. There's also the Italian-style blue clubs, and the weak-card-first system, which holds the weak-card-first system, as well as the big clubs and big diamonds system.

If you just want to know what bridge is, the above is enough, but if you want to learn to play bridge, you need to determine a calling system, we strongly recommend that you first learn the natural calling system, basically all kinds of systems will be more or less influenced by the natural calling system, so learning the natural calling system will have a far-reaching significance for you to study bridge more y.

On the basis of the traditional natural card calling method, Zhang Fan, a student of our chess shooter, combined the zr51cf and the Roman-Strong natural card calling method commonly used on the Internet, and after a thorough study of the precise card calling method, he took the advantages of the method and created his own system of card calling, which is called the Precise Natural Calling Method, and tried it out in the University of Technology and achieved good results. Zhang Fan is now working on the proofreading of this book, and I believe that it will be published soon.

Playing cards

When the call is over, both sides make a mutually satisfactory agreement, and thus enter the process of playing cards.

The order of removal in a hand is still clockwise, and the leader may attack any suit, the other three must follow with cards of the same suit as far as possible, and when there are no cards of the same suit in the hand, they may play cards of any suit. When all four have played a card, this constitutes a 1-dunce meal. Again it is possible to determine the owner of the meal. Whether it belongs to the offense or defense. The size of the cards, in this suit, is in the order of: A,K,Q,J,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2. When there is no such suit, you will have to choose either a general or a hall card, and a general is a general card, and any minor general card is larger than that suit. If you choose to hall a card, then no matter how big the card in the suit you hall is, it's still the smallest card.

After each play, the first drawer of the next draw is determined to be the person with the largest card from the previous draw.

When all 13 cards have been played, the final result is obtained. It is possible to see how the final fixing was accomplished. For example, if a 2S deal is made, but the bettor only gets 7 duns, then there is one less dun than the deal requires, and this is called the deal Down. Another example: 3NT contract, the contractor a **** got 9 dun, just in line with the requirements of the contract, which is called just complete the contract (MK). Another example is the 6H contract, where the bettor a*** got 13 pips without losing a single one, exceeding the 12 pips required by the contract, which is said to be a contract over one (+1).

In the previous we mentioned, bridge has a bright hand, how to determine the bright hand? This is very simple, for example, the contractor is the South, then the North is the Dummy, the dealer's player is the first attacker (Firsr Lead). How to determine who is the dealer? The first step is to determine which side of the contract is the North-South or the East-West, and after that, the dealer is the one who has called the contracted suit (NT,S,H,D,C) first.

For example, the following is the calling process:

South is dealt the hand, and both players have a game

The calling process is as follows:

S (South) W (West) N (North) E (East)

1C - 2H -

3D - 3S -

4C - 4H -

4S - 4NT -

5D - 5NT -

6D - 7NT -

- =

The call is now over, and by the call, we see that the final fixing is 7NT, and that the fixing belongs to South-North, and that it was North who called NT first, so North is the fixer. South is the open hand, and East is the first attacker. After the final play, a look at the results shows that South-North got 13 ponies in one ****, completing the 7NT slam fixing as promised.

Scoring

While the completion of the contract is an important sign of a hand, it is not a sign of winning or losing. Winners and losers are calculated through scoring, which is converted to IMP. Finally, the IMP is converted into VP (Victory Points). The victory point determines whether a team wins or loses.

The scoring method of bridge is difficult to learn and beginners may find it difficult to learn. We give you the following data, which we hope you will familiarize yourself with.

Bonus Points:

Basic Points: Low Flower, C D 20 points per pier, double a pier 40 points, double another pier 80 points.

High Flower, H S 30 points per dunce, double a dunce 60 points, then double a dunce 120 points.

No general, 40 points for the first dunce, and 30 points for each subsequent dunce, doubling a dunce, 1--80, 2, 3, ---60, and doubling again, 1--160, 2, 3--120

When the basic score is enough for 100 points to get the prize of a successful game.

With an inning side, inning bonus points, 500 points

Without an inning side, inning bonus points, 300 points

Small slam bonus points are awarded when a 6-order fix is completed.

With an inning square, 750 points Without an inning square, 500 points

Grand Slam points are awarded when completing a 7th order contract.

With a game, 1500 points Without a game, 1000 points

The score is the same as the base score when you get an extra dun.

After doubling, no innings side, 100 points for 1 stumps, with innings side, 200 points for 1 stumps

After doubling again, no innings side, 200 points for 1 stumps, with innings side, 400 points for 1 stumps

When completing the no-innings contract, the prize score is 50 points.

When a doubled contract is completed, 50 points are awarded.

When a redouble is completed, 100 points are awarded.

Penalty points:

1, when not doubled when not completing the contract: 50 points per pier for the side without a game, 100 points per pier for the side with a game.

2, unfinished engagements when doubled: 100 points for the first pier of the no-innings side, 200 points per pier for the 2nd and 3rd piers, and 300 points per pier after the 4th pier.

That is: 100 - 300 - 500 - 800 - 1100 - 1400 - 1700

The first pier of the side with the game 200 points, and then 300 points per pier.

That is: 200--500--800--1100--1400--1700--2000

3, redouble the unfinished contract: 200 points for the first pier of the party without a game, 400 points for each pier of the 2nd and 3rd piers, and 600 points for each pier of the 4th pier and onwards

That is: 200--600--1000--1600-- 2200-2800

The first pier of the party without a game is 200 points, 400 points for each pier of the 2nd and 3rd piers, and 600 points for each pier of the 4th pier and onwards. 2200--2800

There is an innings side with 400 points for the first pier and 600 points for each pier after that.

That is: 400 - 1000 - 1600 - 2200 - 2800 - 3400

There is an innings side that was doubled and then dangled 13 piers with a penalty of 7600 points.

I believe that after you read the above scoring rules, you have a certain understanding of the scoring method of bridge, if you are about to engage in the bridge business, we give you 8 examples, you still need to practice, after more practice, you can be very skillful in mastering the scoring method of bridge.