What factors are related to the tone sandhi of wind instruments?

First of all, the types of wind instruments are different, each instrument has a different size, and the amount of air inside is also different, such as flute and clarinet. In terms of volume, the air in the flute cavity is less than that of the clarinet, so the pitch of the flute is higher than that of the clarinet, and so is the brass instrument. This is why the pitch of piccolo in wind music is the highest, while that of tuba is the lowest, which depends on the amount of vibrating air in the pipe.

Secondly, in the same musical instrument, the tone sandhi methods of woodwind and brass are different, that is, their fingering of changing pitch is different. You can find that there are many keys in woodwind instruments, and they are all long-lasting instruments. Brass instruments with tone sandhi keys have only four keys at most, and the instruments are basically in the form of loops. Because of the different nature, woodwind instruments play the middle and high notes in wind music, so holes are used to change the tone by changing the air volume in the cavity. Copper tube can adjust the tone by changing the key, thus changing the air flow in the tube and controlling the mouth shape (blowing speed).

-Personal opinion, for reference only.