Coal Mining

Coal Utilization and Mining Technology

It is a black, rock-like substance. In the Carboniferous Period of the Paleozoic Era, 300 million years ago, the climate was humid and mild, and a large number of plants decayed and decomposed and settled in swamps, forming peat, which formed coal with the effects of time, pressure, temperature, stratigraphic variations, and earth changes. There are three main types of coal: lignite, bituminous, and anthracite. Apart from wood, coal is the oldest fuel for human beings.

China's Western Han Dynasty has officially used coal to make iron, and coal fields in Henan and other places have begun to be mined. Coal mining technology has a more detailed record of the book is "Tian Gong Kai Wu". The book said: "Where to take the coal for a long time, from the surface of the soil can be identified with or without the color. Then dig. Deep to five zhang Xu, only then get coal. When you first see the end of the coal, the poisonous gas burns. There is a huge bamboo chiseled off the middle section, sharp end, inserted into the charcoal, the poisonous smoke from the bamboo through the upper, people from under the Shi seize pick up. Or a well and down, charcoal vertical and horizontal wide, then with its left and right broad take. Its upper support plate to prevent pressure avalanche ear". It can be seen that since ancient times, China has a more scientific digging wells to extract coal and eliminate the technology of gas in the coal seam.

There are two main methods of coal mining: open-pit mining and underground mining. In the coal seam near the surface . Place, can be used to strip the overburden method, open pit mining. Surface coal mines can be mined with large-scale machinery, with high output and low cost. Coal seams buried deeper only with the underground mining method, the traditional underground mining has three methods: vertical shaft mining, inclined shaft and horizontal shaft mining.

The manual digging method of coal mining has been backward, and now most of the underground mining uses machinery. The traditional mining method is to support the mining pit, then digging, drilling, blasting, loading, and finally transporting the coal to the ground. There is also a continuous mining method, in which machinery is used to continuously excavate and drill holes, and then other machinery is used to export the coal out of the pit. This method produces about 12 tons of coal per minute.

The extracted coal is also subjected to a process of quality analysis, sorting for size, cleaning and crushing. The way the coal is handled depends on the purpose.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the United Kingdom led the world in coal mining; in 1913, it produced 100 million tons of coal annually. Then Germany and Poland followed. After World War II, the United States began to export large quantities of cheap coal. But with the massive extraction of oil, coal hair was gradually replaced. But in the 1970s, due to the oil crisis in the Middle East, coal drew renewed attention. Today, one-third of the pseudo-energy used in the world comes from coal. At present, the world's coal deposits are still very rich, if modernized mining methods, this reliable and economical energy can supply more than half of the world's energy needs. Many countries are researching to improve the use of coal technology, in which the coal gasification and liquefaction is the focus of the development of modern coal utilization technology.