Social Transformation —— Historical Orientation of Han Dynasty

1. The change of economic base has formed a new social structure and further strengthened centralization of authority.

The private ownership of land has developed greatly, and the sale of land has matured. State-owned land is transformed into private land through incentives, and private land is transferred between landlords through sale.

Identity landlords: develop aristocratic landlords and military landlords through rewards.

Undocumented landlords have made great progress: industrial and commercial landlords and powerful landlords have developed through land sales.

The peasant class is divided into yeomen, tenant farmers and farm labourers.

The development of private land has produced a diversified and multi-level social structure, which has become an important foundation of centralized system.

2. A new centralization of authority was established, which was restricted by imperial power and bureaucratic mechanism.

The imperial power monopolized all affairs in the Qin Dynasty, which led to bureaucratic alienation and the struggle between eunuchs and bureaucrats. The Han Dynasty created a deliberative system, which gave bureaucrats a certain degree of democracy and eased the contradiction between imperial power and bureaucrats.

Three. The transformation from "county system" to "unified empire"

Qin abolished the enfeoffment system and established the county system.

The thought of enfeoffment still existed in the early Han Dynasty, and both the old nobles and the military landlords had their own intentions. In order to ease the contradiction, they established a parallel system of counties and countries. After a series of struggles, such as the reduction of literary princes, the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms, the decrees of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and the law of supplementary interests, a unified centralization was established.

4. Respect Confucianism alone and complete ideological and cultural transformation.

In the early Han Dynasty, Huang Lao's skill of governing the country was easy to form a situation in which the monarch was weak and the minister was strong, which was not conducive to the integration of social order in centralized countries. Dong Zhongshu adopted the Confucian ideas of "loyalty to the monarch", "unification" and "observance of rites", which were all adopted by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Since then, Confucianism has become the official ideology of the Han Dynasty, the ideological basis of centralization and unification, and the mainstream of China traditional culture.

The combination of Confucianism and centralization made the society of Han Dynasty an important turning point in the historical development of China, and also an important turning point in the economic legislation and policy of Han Dynasty. Legal system and legal system of Han dynasty; Central and local governments; The academic innovation of Han Dynasty was all influenced by it.