Principle of electromagnetic crane

Principle of electromagnetic crane: using electromagnetic principle to carry steel articles.

When the iron core is inserted into the energized solenoid, the iron core is magnetized by the magnetic field of the energized solenoid. The magnetized iron core also becomes a magnet, so the magnetism of the solenoid is greatly enhanced by the superposition of two magnetic fields. In order to make the electromagnet more magnetic, the iron core is usually made into a hoof shape. However, it should be noted that the winding direction of the coil on the horseshoe iron core is opposite, one side is clockwise, and the other side must be counterclockwise. If the winding direction is the same, the magnetization of the two coils on the iron core will cancel each other, making the iron core non-magnetic.

In addition, the iron core of electromagnet is made of soft iron, not steel. Otherwise, once the steel is magnetized, it will remain magnetic for a long time and cannot be demagnetized, and its magnetic field strength cannot be controlled by current, thus losing the advantage of electromagnet. Electromagnet is a device that generates magnetic force through current. It is a non-permanent magnet, and its magnetism is easy to start or eliminate.

Electromagnetic crane function

The electromagnetic crane can generate strong magnetic field force, and dozens of tons of iron materials such as iron sheets, iron wires, nails and scrap iron can be collected and transported conveniently without boxing, packing and bundling, which not only saves labor, but also simplifies work. Steel packed in wooden cases and machines can be treated equally. When the crane works, as long as the current in the electromagnet coil does not stop, the lifted weight will not fall, and the invisible magnetic force is more reliable than the solid chain.

If the power is cut off for some reason, it will cause an accident, so all electromagnetic cranes are equipped with steel claws. After the heavy object is hoisted, the solid steel claw will automatically fall down and buckle tightly. Cranes can't carry hot iron blocks because high-temperature steel can't be magnetized. Large electromagnetic cranes can lift nearly 100 tons of heavy objects at a time.

The above contents refer to Baidu Encyclopedia-Electromagnetic Crane.