What are the parts of a Chinese folk orchestra?

General Knowledge of Large Folk Orchestra (Troupe)

Large Folk Orchestra consists of four parts: wind band, plucked band, percussion band and string pulling band, and the organization that specializes in playing large folk orchestral music is called Large Folk Orchestra. At present, the large-scale national orchestras in China include the Central National Orchestra, the Central Broadcasting Folk Orchestra, the Shanghai National Orchestra, and the large-scale folk orchestras in some provinces and cities, etc. They are large-scale professional organizations set up for the purpose of developing the national cultural undertakings of China, drawing on the organization form of foreign symphony orchestras, and cooperating with the large-scale national instrumental works written by some professional composers in China, and they are also like the large-scale symphony orchestras of foreign countries, which can not only perform historical, war, story-telling, but also perform the music of the world. It can not only express various themes of history, war, story and love, but also express the folklore of China by playing different kinds of national instrumental music of China. Sometimes, the composers of China also bring some foreign symphonies to be adapted and play them with large-scale national orchestra, which has the same good effect. Because of the rich expressive power of the large-scale national orchestra and the rich national characteristics of the skills of the performance, no matter in the domestic or foreign performances, are generally welcomed by the audience.

Large ethnic orchestra's establishment and playing seat arrangement

Large ethnic orchestra's establishment is generally around 70 people, of which the wind instrument group includes 8 people of suona, 4 people of flute, 4 people of sheng, 2 people of pipe and 1 person of dongxiao; the plucked instrument group includes 4 people of pipa, 4 people of zhongruan, 2 people of danyuan, 2 people of yangqin, 2 people of guzheng, 1 person of sanxian; the plucked instrument group includes 8 people of gaohu, 10 people of erhu, 2 people of zhu and 1 person of zhuoshan. The stringed instrument group consists of 8 persons of gaohu, 10 persons of erhu, 5 persons of zhonghu, 1 person of banhu, 6 persons of cello and 4 persons of bei cello; the percussion group consists of 6 persons, and the ethnic percussion instruments used include gongs, drums, cymbals, chimes, xylophones, gongs, and triangles, etc. Sometimes, according to the needs of the work, the orchestra will play a variety of instruments. Sometimes, according to the needs of the work, the orchestra can appropriately increase or decrease the number of players during rehearsals and performances.

Large-scale national orchestra rehearsal and performance seating arrangements, generally the weak sound of the stringed and plucked stringed instruments in the front of the stage near the audience, will be strong wind instruments in the middle of the row and some of the back seats, percussion instruments arranged in the last seat, such a seating arrangement is easy to get the entire orchestra's volume balance and tone unity, but also to facilitate the conductor's conductor and the cooperation of all the players.

Music performance of large-scale national orchestra

The four components of large-scale national orchestra have their superb playing techniques and rich expressive power, such as the plucked instrument group, which flourished during the Tang Dynasty, and was often played as the lead instrument in some of the great Tang songs and court banquets, and has a unique style, which not only can play the instruments of the large-scale national orchestra, but also has a unique style of playing techniques and shaping of music images. They can not only express the mood of soothing and beautiful singing melody, but also express some joyful moods with strong jumping, in addition, when they are combined together, they can play all kinds of chord connections, and when they are the accompaniment of the orchestra, they can show a clear sense of rhythm and good elasticity, and when they are used to depict all kinds of natural moods, the plucked instrument can also show off its various special techniques, such as the strings of the pipa, which can express the neighing of a war horse, and the strings of the pipa, which can express the neighing of a war horse. For example, the strings of pipa can show the neighing of war horses, the slide of guzheng can show the gurgling water, and the bass of yangqin combined with zhongruan and danyuan can show the rough character of men, etc. The wind group also has a long history of playing wind instruments. The wind group also has a long history, from the Xia Dynasty of the slave society to the present day, it has always been an indispensable and powerful musical instrument in the orchestra, and it flourished during the Song Dynasty. This group suona has high, medium and low three styles, self-contained system, not only can be played and can also be connected to a variety of chords polyphonic performance, they are that kind of high-pitched, bright tone is very rich in combat, often used to show some of the war, triumph scene, in addition to the performance of the warmth of the occasion of the celebration is also often played by them as the main player, their performance of the majestic, rugged and powerful, the climax of the section of the big band, The strongest sound is often inseparable from their participation. Unique xiao sound performance, the timbre of lingering tenderness can be used to express some delicate emotions, in the performance of foreign symphonies, they often act as a brass group performance. The flute is used in the orchestra like the flute in the western orchestra, and often serves as a dexterous, fast music fragment performance as well as the formation of counterpoint with other instruments, and it is suitable for the expression of the idyllic scenery of the loose plate blowing. Pipes also have a special tone and technique, when it is a soloist in the big band, often produce some unique sound effects. The sheng is the only wind instrument that can play its own harmony, it is a middle voice instrument, can play a variety of chords to supplement the middle voice in the orchestra, it is added to the tone, can be melted into a variety of wind instruments for a stove, so that the sound of the wind group to obtain the unity of the sound, and in addition, it also plays to the other instrument groups, such as plucked group and stringed group sound transition role. Stringed group, this group of instruments formed later, the Tang Dynasty only prototype appeared, through the Song Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty to formally appear in the literature, the Ming and Qing Dynasties, its performance techniques and musical performance reached a flourishing period, and jumped to the dominant position of the national band, it is applied in the band, equivalent to the Western orchestra stringed group of violin instruments, not only is suitable to play the lyrical singing instrumental melody, but also be able to play a variety of rhythms, A variety of emotional music, its timbre is the closest to the human voice, in the orchestra of the large-scale performance so that the audience is not boring, large-scale national orchestra in a variety of connections, unfolding, tonal shift and climax, often inseparable from their performance. In addition, the instruments of this group have a relatively uniform tone, and the overall performance of all kinds of harmonic and polyphonic music can obtain good results, but of course, the brightness of its tone, playing techniques and musical performance and the western orchestra in the string group comparison, there is still a certain gap. Percussion group, there are two types of percussion instruments in China, one is percussion instruments with fixed pitch, such as chimes, chimes, gongs, timpani, etc., and the other is percussion instruments without fixed pitch, which have a variety of styles and images, taking gongs, drums and cymbals as an example, there are 10 or even more styles of the same instrument, such as the drums, drums, drums, bamboo drums, brass drums, wooden drums, fishing drums, Waist drums, drums, tambourines, tambourines, drums, octagonal drums ...... and so on, their performance also has a high level of skill and unique style. In the orchestra, some percussion instruments can be played solo, but most of the percussion instruments in the orchestra play a role in rendering the atmosphere, creating a climax and color mixing, such as the use of large water cymbals, when the orchestra proceeds from the weak to the strong, all kinds of musical instruments to join the timpani, snare drums, broken sound play gradually strong to reach the maximum volume, the big cymbal hammer hit, as if a thunderbolt from the sky, which achieves the acoustic effect of shaking the entire theater. The sound effect shakes the whole theater. When the whole orchestra is playing weakly, a light strike of the gong will bring a sense of death and bleakness.

The repertoire of large-scale folk orchestras

The works played by large-scale folk orchestras in China are roughly divided into the following three categories:

Different kinds of music

The works of different kinds of music in China are mostly played by semi-professional bands formed by folk artists to take part in folk activities, and the performances of this kind of works have a wide range of the masses, and they are adapted into large-scale folk orchestras. Adapting them for large-scale folk orchestra not only enlarges the range of the piece, but also enriches the expressive power of the piece, which is often well received by the audience during stage performances. For example, the Hebei Blow Song "Qin Xianglian" was performed by the Central Radio Folk Orchestra's large-scale folk orchestra, in which the three leading instruments were the alto suona, the pipe and the soprano suona, and the soprano suona played by Zhou Dongzhao, a young musician from the hometown of Hebei's Blow Song, which was so distinctive, whether in terms of timbre or technique, that he was given the title of "Golden Suona". "The whole orchestra's stage performance was also warmly welcomed by the audience. Another example is the large national orchestra playing "Zhoushan gongs and drums", "throwing nets to catch fish", "great victory", etc., are the world youth festival performance in the gold medal works.

Western Symphony Adaptations

This kind of adaptations include the Overture to Carmen, Firebird Suite, Pictures at an Exhibition, etc., as well as Chinese Western orchestral pieces such as "The Tiger Who Came Down from the Mountain", "Spring Festival Overture" and "Yao Dance". Mr. Peng Xiuwen, the composer and conductor of the Central Radio Folk Orchestra, in adapting "Yao Dance", adapted the first section of the work's thematic tone of the slow movement ■ from the original violin to play with a gaohu instead of playing to express the scene of the moonlight at night, the ethnic minority girls dancing, and the middle section of the Allegretto ■, which was originally played by the tubas, is now played with a big sanxian and Da Ruan to express the boys' male roughness ■ of the dance scene. The dance scene.

Compositions

The solo works of national instrumental music are more common, and there are not too many large-scale national orchestra ensembles like this, but the works of "Rising Sun", "Harvest Drums and Drums", and the erhu concerto "Reflections on the Great Wall" have had a greater impact. When Mr. Peng Xiuwen composed "Harvest Gongs and Drums", he used the Chaozhou gongs and drums, the Peking Opera martial arts "rush winds", and the drums and drums of Southern Jiangsu Blow and Strike as performance materials, and then used them in his own works, which were unanimously appreciated by the audience and his peers.