How many years have Yi people lived since ancient times?

Yi people, formerly known as "Yi people", are named after the "Southwest Yi people" recorded in Hanshu (collectively referred to as southwest ethnic minorities). According to historical classics such as Yi Yuan and Southwest Yi Zhi, he called himself Ni (? ), the pronunciation of "Ni" in ancient Chinese is foreign, so it is often called "Yi" in Chinese records. 1956, during the period of getting rid of ethnic discrimination in the old society, Yi representatives sent people to Beijing to pay a visit to Chairman Mao. Chairman Mao understood the situation, listened to opinions and put forward suggestions. Because the name of "Yi people" is derogatory (barbarians), he changed "Yi" to "Yi", which means there are "rice" and "silk" under the house.

Yi nationality is the sixth largest ethnic minority in China, mainly living in Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou provinces in southwest China, and the rest are scattered in other provinces of China and abroad. The total population is about 9 million, the registered population in China is 8,765,438+4,393 (2010), and there are nearly one million Southeast Asian countries such as Viet Nam, Laos, Myanmar and Thailand.

There are many branches of the Yi people, such as Sunuo, Niesu, Nasu, Naisu, Nizu, Wu Luo, Axipo, Ashi, Sani and Nipo, but they are not all self-proclaimed in the national sense, such as Wu Luo, Sani, Azhe and Nipo. ) You can overwrite the titles of all branches at once. Some Yi dialects in different places can't communicate directly, but more than 60% of them have the same vocabulary and grammatical structure. After a brief familiarity, Yi language belongs to the Tibeto-Burman language family of Sino-Tibetan language family and is divided into six dialects.

Chinese name

Yi ethnic group

Foreign name

Yi ethnic group

human population

About 87 10000 (20 10)

place of residence

Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Vietnam, etc

language

Yi language (Yi language branch)

Wen Zi

Yi language (Tang book)

Major areas

Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou.

Major city

Kunming Yuxi Zhaotong Chuxiong Qujing Xichang

train station

Xichang Station, Chuxiong Station, Kunming Station,

1 History Editor

There are still different opinions on the ethnic origin of the Yi people, which has become a historical mystery that people pay attention to and a major problem in the field of ethnology and Yi studies. Up to now, the ethnic origin of Yi people mainly includes the theory of aboriginality and the theory of frontier strength. The arguments put forward by the aborigines are quite sufficient. It can be divided into two kinds: southwest nativism and Yunnan nativism. According to the theory of southwest aborigines, the Yi people have lived in the southwest of the motherland since ancient times, and after different stages of human development, they have become the Yi people today. This claim is based not only on China literature, but also on ancient Yi literature, myths and legends. According to the theory of Yunnan aborigines, Yunnan is the origin of Yi people.

Bian Qiang said that the ancient Qiang people who lived in Qinghai, northwest of China, began to develop in all directions six or seven thousand years ago, and one of them swam to the southwest of the motherland. The early southern branch of the ancient Qiang people merged with the local indigenous peoples, and later Qiongfan in Xichang and Fan Dian in Yunnan were the ancestors of the Yi people.

3000 years ago, the ancestors of Yi people were widely distributed in southwest China, that is, the so-called tribes such as Song Yueyi, Wuyi, Kun Ming, Lao Jin, Momo and Zuo often appeared in history books. The Han Dynasty was called "Southwest Yi".

Yi ethnic group

During the long-term formation and development of Yi ancestors, their activities once spread all over the central areas of Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou provinces and a part of Guangxi, and their core areas should be the vast areas adjacent to the three provinces.

An important feature in the history of the Yi people is the long-term maintenance of the slave possession system. Around the Western Han Dynasty in the 2nd century BC, there was a split between nomadic tribes and settled agricultural tribes in Yi ancestors' society. From the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Wei and Jin Dynasties, a group of ancestors of the Yi nationality were constantly divided, which indicated that the Kunming tribe had basically completed the transition from primitive tribe to slave ownership on the basis of conquering ordinary ethnic groups.

In the 1930 s, it reached today's eastern Yunnan, western Guizhou and southern Sichuan, and basically controlled the main distribution areas of Yi ancestors.

Nanzhao slavery dynasty once ruled the Yi ancestors' areas for a long time, which had a far-reaching impact on the existence and development of local slavery. In the second year of Tang Tianfu (902). For more than 300 years in Song Dynasty, Yi ancestors in Rong (Yibin), Lu (Hanyuan) and Li (Hanyuan) were in the struggle between Song Dynasty and Dali regime, and the slave economy was relatively prosperous. In line with this, the slave production relations appeared the situation that big tribes enslaved small tribes. In the third year of Mongolia, Mongolia and Mongolia Khan (1253), Mongolian cavalry attacked Yunnan in three routes from Sichuan, passing through the Yi region, which led to the formation of a loose anti-Mongolian alliance in the divided Yi region and began to be unified under the name of Luoluo people.

During the 276 years of Ming Dynasty, the land spanned the Yi Tusi (Mozi) such as Shuixi (Dafang), Wuxuan (Weining), Wumeng (Zhaotong), Mangbu (Zhenxiong), Dongchuan (Huize), Yongning (Xuyong), Mahu (Pingshan) and Jianchang (Xichang). On the basis of the above hierarchical relationship, the chieftain system of Shuixi, Jianchang and Wumeng Yi people in Ming Dynasty is still the superstructure of slavery.

During the period of Kang Yong, the Qing Dynasty carried out the policy of "changing the soil into the stream" in the Yi area, which dealt a heavy blow to the forces of Tusi, Mutu and slave owners. With the development of social productive forces, some areas have quickly transitioned from slavery to feudalism.

2 editing the origin of Yi people's names

Before liberation, the Yi people were called "Luoluo" or "Yi people", and in the early days of liberation, they were called "Yi people". Yi people are used to calling themselves "Luoluo", which means tiger and dragon in Yi language. They call themselves two mysterious and fearless animals, which symbolizes the bravery and strength of the Yi people and, more importantly, reflects the pride of the Yi people in their own nation. However, in the old society, there was a lack of communication between ethnic groups, and foreigners called it "Yi".

After liberation, the State Council began to determine the names of ethnic minorities. Chairman Mao and Zhou Enlai met with representatives of the Yi people in Beijing for study and discussion. They mentioned at the meeting that the names of the Yi people were not uniform before, in which "Yi" and "Luoluo" both had insulting meanings, and "Yi" was not good either, because the original meaning of the Yi people was barbarians. Everyone thinks that New China is a big family of brotherly peoples, and everyone should love each other on an equal footing.

Chairman Mao proposed changing the word "Yi" to "Yi". He thought Ding Yi was a place to put things in the palace. There are rice and clothes under the house, which means people are rich. Everyone was satisfied and agreed. Since then, "Yi" has been officially designated as the unified national name of all branches of the Yi people.

4 customs editor

The Legend of "Left Foot Dance"

Yi people's left foot dance has a history of 1000 years, and the March Festival has a history of nearly 400 years. As early as the forty-first year of Kangxi (65,438+0,702), there was the earliest written record of left foot dance.

Legend has it that a long time ago, there was a dragon in the world, making waves and causing floods. Ali and Aro, two young Yi people, bravely stood up and subdued the dragon. Ali and the Yi people led by Aro fought against the dragon together. Seeing that the dragon was in a bad situation, they quickly fled back to Longtan. People seize the opportunity to pour the burnt chestnut charcoal into the pond, and then lift stones to dig up soil to fill the Longtan. I was afraid that the dragon would not turn over, so I lit a bonfire on it and stamped my feet while singing. After three days and nights, the dragon finally died. To celebrate the victory, the Yi people made a Qin Yue out of the dragon's head, skin, bones and tendons, got together to play the piano and sang "Ariro" with their left foot as a souvenir.

In Lv Zhi Town, where the Yi people live in concentrated communities, such as Lala and Longgeli, for hundreds of years, on the 16th day of the first lunar month and the 27th, 28th and 29th of March, or when the sun goes down, people from Yi people and other nationalities from afar come uninvited and play the leading role of Heizi, and men and women ensemble or chorus with their left feet holding hands, side by side, forming a big circle of dozens or even hundreds of people, dancing with their left feet. Accompanied by clanking chords and high-pitched and clear songs, they sometimes stumble, sometimes stumble, sometimes lift their legs, sometimes shake their hands and turn around, and their dance steps are uniform and light and powerful.

There are many kinds of left-footed dances, but they are basically bold. The first category is hospitality, such as: "Come if you like, come if you don't like, and come if you like or don't like …"; The second category is to praise the good life, such as "March is going to March, is it fun?" Play black and jump, sell jars and reeds, Ariro Ariro Ariro "; The third category is singing "Harvest", such as "The moon is out, and the black boy is in tune. The moon is round and smiling. Let's jump together and sing the harvest year ... "; The fourth category is to praise love, such as "the most important thing is to have a meeting in March, and not be tired for three days." If you don't come, you can't talk about it. Don't keep A-mei waiting ... "。

On March 27th, 28th and 29th, people in various Yi areas of Lv Zhi Town will organize large-scale left-foot dance activities. At that time, Yi men and women wearing bright Yi costumes were everywhere, and Qin Yue's tunes could be heard everywhere. Regardless of nationality, everyone held hands and danced and reveled all night.

Girl's room

Marriage between men and women in the Yi nationality: "Girls' room" is a unique custom of the Yi nationality in Chuxiong. When a girl reaches the age of 16, her parents will build another hut for her to spend the night alone, while young men over 20 can climb the hut of their beloved girl and have sex at night. They whistle together, listen and tell each other their love. Even if there are several young couples at the same time, everyone is at home. Once love is mature, both men and women can get married with the consent of their parents, and parents generally do not interfere with their children's choices.

The wedding of Yi people in Xiaoliangshan, Yunnan is quite distinctive. When getting married, the man should prepare a horse and bring gifts such as wine, cloth, meat and noodles to meet the bride. Girls in daughter village can do everything they can to splash water on the wedding guests and catch them to have fun. All the people who send the bride are men, and the bride can't enter the door until the sun goes down. Before entering the door, a wooden bowl filled with mutton, a handle and wine was held by one person and wrapped around the bride's head to show that she was rich after marriage. Then the bride was carried into the house by her cousin.

"jumping vegetables"

Yi people's song and dance meal: "jumping vegetables", that is, dancing and serving food. It is the unique serving form and the highest etiquette for banquets of Yi people in Wuliangshan and Ailaoshan in Yunnan, and it is a long-standing traditional food culture that combines dance, music and acrobatics perfectly.

When entertaining guests, the square table is generally placed along two lines, and the guests sit around three parties, leaving a "food jumping" channel in the middle. Three big gongs opened the prelude of "jumping vegetables": big gongs, lusheng, sanxian, stuffy flute, leaves and other folk music played together; Amid the shouts of girls and boys "woo-woo-woo-woo-woo-woo", I saw a Yi man holding a tray with his head arched with his hands, and his steps were high and low, and his steps were urgent and slow. Another man has a plate (***24 bowls) on his head and arm, followed closely. They joined the simple folk music concerto, made funny expressions on their faces, and danced back and forth at a relaxed, beautiful, smooth and coherent pace, and appeared in tandem. Two partners dancing with towels are acting very strangely, just like butterflies playing with flowers, rushing forward and rushing back, hugging left and right, escorting them.

A pair of dish holders will serve four tables, and their partners will arrange 32 bowls of dishes in a back-to-palace eight diagrams array, each bowl of dishes is like a "chess piece". Have their own positioning, everything according to the ancient rules under the table one by one, not disorderly.

Patriarchal family system prevails in Yi people all over the country, and young children often live with their parents. Women's status is low. The inheritance is divided equally among scholars, and unique businesses are generally owned by close relatives. Father and son names prevailed in the history of Yi people, and this custom continued in Liangshan Yi people until the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC). Monogamy is the basic marriage system of Yi people. Marrying a daughter-in-law requires a higher bride price, and the more table marriage becomes more popular, the husband dies and transfers ownership. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, some Yi areas in Yunnan still maintained the public housing system, and Liangshan Yi people maintained a strict hierarchical internal marriage. In history, most Yi people practiced cremation. Before the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), the residents of Liangshan and Yunnan along the Jinsha River still had this burial custom. Other areas have gradually changed to burial since the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Hospitality custom

Folk people have the habit of "beating sheep" and "beating cattle" to welcome guests. If there are visitors, they must be killed first and then treated. According to the identity and closeness of the visitors, they are treated as cattle, sheep, pigs and chickens respectively. Before killing animals, bring live animals to guests, ask them to have a look, and then kill them to show respect. Wine is a welcome gift for guests. In Liangshan, as long as guests come into the house, the host must entertain them with wine first, and then cook various dishes. The fat pig is the most decent meal for the guests. In the middle of eating, housewives should always pay attention to the food in the guest's bowl, and replenish what they can't finish at any time to show their sincerity in hospitality. When eating, the elders sit on it, and the younger generation sits on both sides and below in turn, adding rice, sandwiches and bubbles to the elders.

Custom of baking tea on blind date

Baked tea is a daily necessity for ethnic minorities in the alpine valleys of China. Because of the cold and dry climate and the lack of vegetables, we often supplement the nutritional deficiency by drinking rich hot tea. The so-called "tea must be drunk three times a day". Roasted tea is diverse, salty, sweet, bitter and spicy, full of life flavor. It is not only the source of energy for hard work, but also the spiritual thing to entertain guests in festivals.

It is said that in the local area, if you can't learn the skill of baking tea and can't bake good tea at your aunt's house, your father-in-law will think that you are incompetent and won't marry your girl. So local boys will learn to bake tea when they are fifteen or sixteen, and they all have their own unique skills in baking tea.

There is also a story among the Yi people that Bailing takes tea seeds from Baizhang Cliff in Wuliangshan to treat all diseases for people. In order to commemorate Lingbi, when guests drink tea, boys and girls always imitate Lingbi to dance, and every time they paste rice and fragrant teas, pots and pans are also related to Bailing.

marriage customs

After the young men and women are engaged, they should make preparations for the wedding reception. Pigs and chickens are often used at wedding banquets, but mutton is generally not used (mutton is used for funerals). The Shiping Yi people in southern Yunnan have the habit of inviting men and women to eat and drink before marriage. Yi people in western Yunnan, who have married their daughters, want to build a shed with branches in the yard or on the dam for guests to drink, smoke, eat and sit around. People call this temporary shed made of branches a "green shed".

Marriage and love of Yi people are strange and interesting. The most interesting thing is that girls who have held the "dressing ceremony" can have sex with their sweetheart in the "theater", and there are traditional wedding customs such as the matchmaker saying that they are friendly to drink and engage in betrothal, starving the bride, crying all night, splashing water on the guests attending the wedding, robbing the bride and fighting in the bridal chamber.

Girls change nepotism.

When Yi girls come of age (usually 15 years old), they will hold a grand "dressing ceremony" according to the custom. At the ceremony of changing skirts, the girl asked her sisters to change her original single braid into double braids and put them on her head. It is also necessary to tear off the original white pendant or old earring line and replace it with coral beads or silver earrings such as red agate to show good luck. Finally, the girl took off the original red and white children's skirt and put on a blouse embroidered with lace and a colorful pleated mop-up dress in black, blue, yellow and white. After wearing the new skirt, the girl can go to the "playground" to dance and sing, participate in social activities and start looking for her sweetheart.

Back bride

According to Yi custom, when the bride leaves the house, her feet can't touch the ground, otherwise there is a danger that her children are not sweet. The young man who takes care of the bride must carry her and help her get on the horse. There are also various rules on the way home: if the mountain is too high and the road is too narrow to ride a horse, the young man who takes care of the bride must take turns carrying the bride; Crossing the river and wading, it is even more necessary for people to carry water across the river. The bride's embroidered shoes must not get wet.

Splash water on relatives.

Yi people believe that clear water can drive away evil spirits and bring happiness. Therefore, Yi people must splash water when they get married. In order to withstand this test, men should be strong and nimble when greeting their relatives, so as to cope with the cold caused by splashing water and complete the arduous task of "grabbing" the bride. They often review candidates repeatedly and select the best candidates, and some even travel long distances to select talents.

The wedding ceremony of the Yi people was completed by "grabbing". On the first night of "robbing the bride", the girls launched a fierce water war against the young man. The girls attacked the young man violently in various ways, such as splashing, splashing and patting. This makes it difficult for young people who come to "grab relatives" to parry. So, the clever young man found a place to store water before dark and quietly dumped some of it to alleviate the attack of "flood".

After pouring water all night, it was dawn and "robbing relatives" began. At this time, the girls hug the bride and the boys go to the "competition". Girls are well-defended, while boys are smart and changeable. They took advantage of the loophole that appeared in an instant, grabbed the bride and ran, and ran out of the Yierli Mountain Road before changing. It can be seen that it is not easy to "grab" the bride to her husband's house! However, the Yi people believe that this kind of splashing and robbing in the wedding will drive away evil spirits and ensure that their future life will not be disturbed.

Fight in the bridal chamber

According to the custom of the Yi people, if the bride doesn't resist and struggle on her wedding night, she will be laughed at: "This is a woman who can't resist!" "It is said that the children they will give birth to in the future will not be recognized by their ancestors, and they will not be able to enter the underworld after death! So the banquet guests dispersed, and a couple in the bridal chamber still fought. They were banging, tearing their clothes and scratching their faces, and the banging from the bridal chamber shocked the neighbors.

The next morning, the groom led the bride to recognize her parents. In the afternoon, the groom made an appointment with his partner and followed the bride back to her parents' home to recognize her in-laws. If the young man accompanying him is a naughty boy, when he arrives at the bride's house, the young man will go in first, call his parents first, and then the groom will call him, so that the bride's parents can't tell which is their son-in-law.

Tourist attractions in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture

Xichang Satellite Launch Base Qionghai Luoji Mountain Lugu Lake Dafeng Dingma Lake Yihai Lingshan Temple Ganluo Qingxixia Muli Temple Mu Tianwang Ancient Sculpture Group Shuiluo Township and Eya Township Liangshan Yi Museum.

5 clothing editor

Liangshan yizu clothing

Yi costumes vary from place to place. In Liangshan and Qianxi areas, men usually wear black narrow-sleeved right-angle shirts and pleated wide-leg pants, while in some areas they wear feet pants, with a lock of long hair in the middle of the front of their heads and a pincer-like knot on the right. Women mostly retain national characteristics, usually wrapped in a bun with a waist and a belt; Women in some places have the habit of wearing long skirts. Men and women wear jerva when they go out. Jewelry includes earrings, bracelets, rings, neckties, etc. Most of them are made of gold, silver and jade.

Yi people's rich and colorful costumes are the concrete embodiment of Yi people's traditional culture and aesthetic consciousness. In the long historical development process, the Yi people living in different areas have created and formed their own different clothing customs, which play an important role in the composition of Yi material folk customs. According to the regional and branch manifestations of Yi costumes, Yi costumes can be divided into six types: Liangshan, Wumeng Mountain, Honghe, Southeast Yunnan, West Yunnan and Chuxiong, and each type can be divided into several styles. Here are some of them.

Liangshan type

Mainly popular in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province and its surrounding counties, as well as Jinsha River Basin of Yunnan Province.

The specific natural geographical environment and social form in a specific historical stage formed by the isolation of natural ravines and gullies in Liangshan are simple and unique, which completely maintains the cultural characteristics of traditional costumes. Liangshan men's and women's shirts are right-handed clothes with large rows of buttons. Men and women, old and young, wear shoes, blankets, leggings and felt socks. A man's hairstyle is a traditional "Tianzun", that is, a lock of long hair is stored on the top of his head, mostly wrapped in a long black or dark blue scarf, often wrapped in a pointed cone and obliquely inserted in his forehead, which is called a "hero's knot", and his left ear is adorned with beads and silver earrings. Pants are worn because of different languages and regions, and there are large, medium and small trouser legs. The most distinctive accessory is Tatu, which is worn obliquely on the body, woven with fine beef tendon and inlaid with white patches. Women wear skirts and headscarves, and wear hats or headscarves after giving birth. Earrings such as silver, coral, jadeite and shellfish. They are worn by both ears, with heavy neck ornaments and silver collars. Under the pleated skirt, the adult skirt is divided into three sections, the upper section is the skirt waist, the middle section is cylindrical, and the lower section is pleated. There is a triangular wallet hanging around the waist. The surface of the bag is decorated with various patterns, and the lower end is decorated with five-color streamers for holding things. In addition, wearing strings, syringes and fangs decorated on the chest is considered to ward off evil spirits. The traditional materials of their clothes are mainly self-woven and dyed wool and linen fabrics, and they like to use black, red and yellow colors. Its techniques include picking, embroidering, embedding and rolling. Sickle, claw, fern and other patterns are its traditional patterns, which can be divided into three styles: Enoch, holy tie and bottom.

Wumeng mountain type

In the past, this kind of clothing was mainly made of wool and linen, but now it is mainly made of cloth, and the color is still black, mostly blue and blue. Its basic style is big chest, right hand gown and long education. Women's clothing has floral decoration on shoulders, neckline, hem and skirt. It can also be divided into Weining style and Panlong style.

Red river type

This kind of men's wear is basically the same all over the country, mostly stand-up collar short coat and wide crotch pants; Women's dresses are colorful, with styles ranging from long dresses to long dresses and short dresses. Most of them wear vests, ordinary pants and aprons. The headdress is dazzling, especially decorated with silver bubbles or wool. It can be divided into Yuanyang style, Jianshui style and Shiping style.

Clothing characteristics

Huayao Yi is a part of the Nisu branch of the Yi people who live in Longwu and Shaochong Town in the northern alpine mountain area of Shiping County, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China, with more than 30,000 people. The origin of the appellation of Huayao Yi people is related to their bright clothes and the clothes embroidered on their waist. For a long time, Huayao Yi people have created gorgeous costumes with strong local characteristics with their hard work and wisdom.

The traditional costumes of Huayao Yi people are exquisite. It often takes three or four years for a clever girl to finish a suit. Among them, we need to master various techniques such as embroidery, picking flowers, scattering flowers, embossing, buttoning flowers, wearing flowers, overlapping flowers, sticking cloth and hooking edges. At the age of seven or eight, the flower waist girl began to learn embroidery under the guidance of her elders. After several years of hard work, she became an embroidery expert at the age of 14 or 15, and was able to embroider beautiful clothes independently.

Southeast Yunnan type

This kind of clothing is popular in Yi nationality area in southeast Yunnan and Napo in Guangxi. The main styles of women's wear are right lapel, double lapel coat and trousers, and skirts are worn in some areas; Men's clothes are double-breasted, with vest and wide crotch pants. Some Yi people in Napo, Guangxi, Malipo, Yunnan, etc. still retain the ancient official square robes, which are only worn by women at festivals or ceremonies. This kind of clothing is mostly white, blue and black, decorated with animal and plant patterns and geometric patterns. The process includes embroidery, patchwork, batik and other techniques. There are three styles: Lunan, Maitreya and Wenxi.

Clothing characteristics

(1) reflects the aesthetics of Blake and Huang Zhi.

(2) It reflects the living habits and honor consciousness of Yi people who cherish their heads.

(3) Men's wear mostly embodies its heroic spirit.

(4) Clothing patterns reflect Yi people's understanding and reverence for nature.

There are many branches of the Yi nationality, and the costumes vary greatly from place to place. There are nearly a hundred kinds of clothing differences, which are dazzling and unique. Generally speaking, women wear large-breasted or embroidered right-breasted jackets, black buns and earrings, and silver flowers on the neckline. Except for the Yi people in Xiaoliangshan, Yi women in other parts of Yunnan wear long skirts. Many branches of women's trousers are embroidered with exquisite lace, and the cuffs and neckline of married women are also embroidered with exquisite and colorful lace, especially around the waist. In central Yunnan, unmarried women in southern Yunnan often wear colorful cockscomb hats decorated with red tassels and beads. Cockcomb hats are often cut into the shape of a comb with cloth shells and embroidered with dozens, hundreds or even thousands of silver bubbles. Yi people living in mountainous areas are used to wearing a kind of "ear-wiping tile"-sheepskin felt, regardless of gender. Shaped like a cloak, it is woven from wool, reaching below the knee, and the lower end is decorated with fringed hair, which is generally dark black. Before the age of 65,438+05, Yi girls wore red and white children's skirts with single braids. When they reach 65,438+05 years old, some places will hold a ceremony called "Shalalo", which means "changing skirts, braiding and pulling strings", indicating that the girls have grown up. After 65 years old, 438+05 will wear black in the middle.

Most Yi men wear black narrow-sleeved right cardigans with lace and pleated wide-leg pants. There is a lock of hair about three inches long on the top of the head, which is called "Tianbodhisattva" in Chinese and "Zier" in Yi language. This is a way for Yi men to show their gods. Never touch them. It is wrapped in a green or blue or black packet more than ten feet long, and tied into a thumb-thick long cone-shaped "son" at the right front-known as "hero steamed stuffed bun" in Chinese. Men don't need to be beautiful, so they use their leisure time to pull out their beards one by one. They wear yellow or red ear beads with red silk thread strung on their ears and red silk thread under their ears.

Female dress of Lola, a branch of Yi nationality in Dali, Yunnan.