How domestic workers on the road to professionalization

One of the ways: specialization of high-end talents

From the survey, the province to carry out the training of domestic service personnel training school has nearly 40. Overall, the province's training of domestic helper professionals in a small number of schools, is still in its infancy.

Zhejiang Shuren College is a pioneer in the training of home economics personnel. The school opened in 1994 on the home economics profession, set up a home economics research center in 2001, built in 2006 the school key disciplines, in 2012, the domestic service industry has become the provincial key research base - a key direction of the modern service industry research center. 20 years, for the community to cultivate a number of specialists in the management of home services In the past 20 years, we have trained a number of specialists in domestic service management for the society, and at the same time, we have carried out a lot of scientific research and social service work around the development of the domestic service industry and the adaptation of talent training and other related issues, especially in the areas of the preliminary cultivation of the domestic service industry in the province, the study of the rules of service and standardization.

In June 2013, under the strong support of the Provincial Department of Education, Haining Health School cooperated with Quzhou Institute of Vocational and Technical Sciences, and actively practiced the "five-year consistent" talent cultivation mode of nursing care for the elderly. Recruitment of five-year system (senior college) in the direction of elderly care and infant direction of 100 students, the use of "2 + 3 model" relying on the teaching resources of higher vocational colleges and universities and scientific research level, joint training college level of high-quality skills of elderly care and other health care domestic service personnel.

Some cities and towns have made their own way. For example, Wenzhou City, established by three colleges and universities, three intermediate schools and three enterprises composed of home economics vocational education alliance, in the first half of 2013 has recruited intermediate nursing care professional, pre-school education (caregiver direction), community nursing care on-the-job trainees, colleges and universities nursing care professionals and other students. In particular, Pingyang County Vocational College based on regional demand, play their own advantages, and actively carry out the training of domestic service personnel, and declared the domestic and community service provincial training base. Utilizing the concept of "big housekeeping", the construction of professional groups has been carried out in the fields of early childhood education and childcare, home appliance repair, property management, community service, nursing caregiver and so on. Lishui City, Suichang County Vocational High School has opened a domestic service specialty, in other vocational schools to carry out the maintenance of electricians, cooking, nursing and other professionals in the training. Each year, the enrollment and graduation of students are up to a thousand people.

In April 2013, "Zhejiang Province, domestic service personnel training training alliance" should be landing. The alliance was established under the concern of the provincial government, under the direct leadership of the provincial education department, the governing unit of the collection of schools, training institutions, domestic enterprises, industry associations, community centers, hospitals and various types of services, the alliance's central work is the cultivation and training of domestic service personnel. Since the establishment of the alliance, a lot of work has been carried out in the related aspects of institution and mechanism construction, talent cultivation and training, scientific research and social service. Comprehensive training work at all levels has been carried out in the fields of home management, elderly care, mother and child care, and domestic helpers. Alliance members have vigorously carried out reform of the training mode of domestic service personnel. For example, Zhejiang Shuren College for the urgent needs of the transformation and upgrading of domestic enterprises, in the framework of the discipline of business management enrollment of domestic management undergraduate program; Ningbo Institute of Health Vocational and Technical College to actively explore cooperation with the industry, enterprises to carry out the "order-type" training of personnel; has just been established "Hangzhou Normal University, Santei Home Economics College", will take "dual system (work-study alternation) + dual-certification system (academic + skills)" talent training model. Led by the Zhejiang Shuren College, the Union will be with the Provincial Education Examination Institute **** with the research, explore the "certificate + course" mode of education, and actively prepare for the opening of the domestic professional higher education self-study exams, the implementation of the cultivation of domestic personnel to carry out a more profound reform and innovation.

Pathway two: branding low-end talents

In the face of the blow of layoffs, Qian Yajun, a native of the three villages of Shengzhou's Shihuang Township, was not crushed, and she took the road to re-employment through professional training, and has now become a "big star" in the sister-in-law sector. In June 2013, Qian Yajun joined 50 sisters in the free Shengzhou Community College's sister-in-law training program. After a month and a half of training, Qian Yajun successfully got her baby-sitting license. On the day the certificate was issued, many employers and professional organizations came to the site to recruit, and Qian Yajun got her first job as a sister-in-law, and in one month, she was paid 6,800 yuan. Through word of mouth from employers, Qian Yajun is now well-known in the local community, and the job is scheduled for May this year.

The college teacher introduced, since April last year to start the "sister-in-law" professional, each training course is "the government to pay, free training", learning time for 40 days, to participate in the training of 35 ~ 50 years of age of rural women. So far, more than 400 people have been trained to obtain the national professional qualification certificate for baby-sitting, and become a licensed "sister-in-law".

Wang Jianping, head of Shengzhou Community College, took out the registered trademark of "Yuexiang Sister-in-Law" and told the reporter that the trademark of this service category is for the graduated trainees to go to the market recommended by the trainees' public brand. As a result of rigorous training "Yuexiang sister-in-law" work enthusiasm, solid skills, good reputation has been in the city and outside the employers among the word of mouth, reputation is getting better and better.

Hangzhou Women's Xili Household Group adopts modern circulation methods such as chain management and cross-provincial, cross-city and other regional chain of operation, to become a domestic service industry standardization, standardization and branding of the first practitioners. General Manager Guo Yuchen told reporters that the enterprise **** 3,000 employees, the implementation of the employee system, for all employees to do a good job "five insurance and one gold", unified training, uniform dress, which is the leading domestic enterprises in the country.

The study found that the income of trained women is 20% to 50% higher than that of the same industry, and the training schools are moving towards the goal of "exporting a person to enrich a family; organizing a group of people to drive a village".

According to statistics, the province *** there are all kinds of training institutions 830, in the past three years a total of 138,000 people trained, trained to obtain vocational qualifications 77,000 people, the average annual income of 31,600 yuan after training. At present, the province's domestic personnel training is mainly based on vocational schools, community schools, townships (streets) into schools, domestic enterprises, etc., the training object is mainly laid-off workers, unemployed people, migrant workers, but also other people in the community; the training method is generally by the teacher centralized face-to-face theoretical knowledge, and a certain number of hours of hands-on guidance; the training cycle is mostly based on short-term training, short of one week, the long of about 20 days

The government attaches importance to: vigorously promote the domestic project

Zhejiang Provincial People's Government issued the "on accelerating the development of the implementation of the family service industry," clearly put forward: "by 2015, the basic formation of multi-level, multi-form family service market and business organizations; employment scale continues to expand, the comprehensive quality of practitioners continue to improve, enterprises, The rights and interests of families and practitioners will be effectively safeguarded. By 2020, the formation of a family service system covering the province, benefiting all people, more sound, the overall level of development and the overall construction of a moderately prosperous society in line with the requirements."

From the province to carry out domestic service personnel training training work in the current situation, cities and towns attach great importance to, and combined with existing local advantages, unified leadership, and steadily promote the work. For example, Huzhou Municipal Education Bureau held a special meeting to establish a three-dimensional working mechanism of "Municipal Bureau-county district-school", and solidly promoted the work of cultivating and training domestic helpers by setting up relevant liaison persons, establishing a quarterly report system, and strengthening feedback and typical publicity. Huzhou Municipal Education Bureau Vocational Education Division Ma said: "We focus on landing practical, summarized the 'six training models'." That is, through the cooperation between the adult school to cloth network training; through the vocational school and adult school between the joint training, resource **** enjoyment, complementary resources; through the school and the industry between the joint, targeted training; through the school and the streets, village committees, the use of the conditions and resources of both sides, accelerated the training progress; through the school and the joint social training institutions, learned a new method, open up the idea of schooling; through the Schools and homes for the elderly, child care centers and other welfare agencies jointly, strengthened on-the-job skills training, enhanced vocational skills.

Jiaxing City, the education sector at all levels to strengthen contact with relevant departments, and fully promote the cultivation and training of domestic service personnel. Such as strengthening cooperation with the human resources department, the implementation of domestic helper, elderly caregiver, patient escort and other family service practitioners orientation training project, synchronized implementation of skills identification or special competency assessment; strengthen the contact with the civil affairs department, and actively promote the education and training of elderly caregivers, cooperation to complete the three-year elderly care training tasks; close contact with the agricultural sector, will be the vocational school and the township adult school The domestic service industry personnel training into the "ten million rural labor quality training project".

Jinhua Municipal Education Bureau in the joint business, finance, trade unions and other departments on the basis of active liaison with the Women's Federation to participate in this work, play the role of municipal Women's Federation and townships, community Women's Federation of the role of the link, and joint staff schools in various communities, townships to mobilize enrollment, the organization of rural women, landless peasants to participate in the training of housekeeping and engage in domestic service, not only to solve the problem of their employment, but also solve the problem of difficult recruitment of housekeeping enterprises. This not only solves the problem of their employment, but also solves the problem of difficulty in recruiting workers for domestic service enterprises. In order to facilitate the learning of students, the staff school in the county and city near the opening of training courses, while training and contact employment units, in the examination on the employer to participate in the merit of hiring, increasing the motivation of students to learn, after the end of the training of students on the employer to be hired.

Zhoushan City will carry out the domestic service personnel training work, into the county and district education target responsibility system assessment and directly under the school annual assessment and other relevant assessment, as a way to promote the counties and districts of the schools concerned to actively carry out the domestic service personnel training training work.

The Quzhou Municipal Education Bureau and the Municipal Agricultural Office, the Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Labor, and the Municipal Women's Federation jointly issued the "Measures for the Management of the Training of Quzhou Domestic Servants", which further refined the division of responsibilities and operational procedures of various departments, and provided safeguards for the effective maintenance and orderly enhancement of the brand of the Quzhou nannies.

Changing concepts: making domestic practitioners respected

Auntie Zhang, a 48-year-old laid-off worker, had been a part-time nanny for some time, and then was known to her friends and relatives, whose eyes changed when they looked at her. Afraid of being looked down upon, Auntie Zhang chose to leave. Indeed, by the "waiter", "inferior" and other traditional concepts, domestic service has not yet been generally recognized by society as a whole, some domestic service personnel do not get the respect due to the customer, but also make some workers do not want to engage in domestic work.

Essentially, the domestic service industry as a new industry, not only for the laid-off unemployed, urban workers to provide employment opportunities and work platform, but also for entrepreneurs to provide a place to use, any person who is interested in engaging in the domestic service industry can make a big difference.

Therefore, the relevant leaders and industry experts believe that we should do a good job in guiding the change of concepts, raise awareness, optimize the market environment of the domestic service industry; to build a system of vocational training of domestic helpers, strengthen the professional curriculum and the construction of the teaching staff; to improve the vocational qualification system, and to strengthen the supervision and management of the establishment of the mechanism and other work. To guide the community to establish a tolerant, calm professional evaluation system, enhance the practitioners' sense of identity, and enhance their social status.

"A few decades ago, the housekeeper of a big family was equivalent to a professional manager, respected and a class with a high social status. If society can change the concept, practitioners can be professionalized, domestic workers are no longer connected with low-level, low-quality. Let engaged in domestic service has become a respected profession, can attract more excellent young people to fill the domestic talent team." Xu Xuqing said. Indeed, the establishment of practitioners of the correct concept of employment and morality, enhance the sense of belonging to the profession, in order to attract more talented people to engage in domestic service industry. Wang Jianping said, "Our school gave students 120 hours of free training, to build a good professional foundation, to guide practitioners to establish self-confidence, in the face of difficult customers to do not be humble." And domestic enterprises and customers correctly treat practitioners, respect for the fruits of their labor, to promote the establishment of harmonious labor relations, employment relations, optimize the market environment of the domestic service industry is also extremely important.

Jia Jancheng, vice president of Ningbo Institute of Health Professions and Technology, said it is important for people to realize that the domestic service industry is a type of occupation rather than a low-level job. He turned over a school of domestic service professional talent training program, which states that graduates are mainly to large domestic service companies as well as elderly service organizations sponsored at all levels to work in front-line management. There is a high demand for talent, and the core curriculum has been carefully designed to include health humanities, family care, family management practices, social psychology, and psychological counseling and therapy.

To strengthen the construction of professional courses and develop appropriate curriculum teaching standards, in the professional curriculum design, for home economics majors, students set up a number of directions of compulsory, elective courses, the formation of a "one-specialty, multi-functional" vocational skills course system. Wang Qunlong is a teacher in the Research Department of Zhejiang Shuren College, graduated from the Department of Home Economics, opened his own home economics company, and obtained a master's degree in the direction of sociology and politics. He actually loves the home economics profession very much, and hopes to solve the problem of home economics teacher's title appraisal as much as possible, improve the overall quality of teachers, and build up a full-time and part-time team of teachers who are both practically experienced and capable of providing practical guidance to ensure the quality of cultivation and training of talents in home economics service. Quality.

"The market is chaotic and the threshold of entry is too low. The government should introduce policies to increase the supervision and inspection of the domestic service personnel and training, the enterprise employing irregular behavior to investigate and deal with, and further regulate the order of practice. Engaged in domestic work must have a qualification certificate. For those who have not obtained the corresponding vocational qualification certificate and have been practicing, they are required to participate in training within a limited period of time and obtain the vocational qualification level certificate to ensure the quality of domestic helpers. If there is no such requirement, improve the quality of domestic staff, improve the quality of domestic enterprises are empty words." Guo Yuchen said that we should actively establish the professional qualification system for domestic helpers, so that the wages of the practitioners are in line with the star qualification. The current domestic helper professional qualification system is only designed to "domestic helper" level, but not designed to "domestic helper" level, which is obviously not in line with the actual demand. At present, people look forward to through the zhejiang province "home management and community" self-test college examination, design "zhejiang province home management qualification certificate examination", will "home manager" this level of channel Open, to attract with a certain degree and professional expertise in senior and middle-level skilled personnel to engage in high-end domestic service, domestic business management, domestic service training and other work, to ensure that the echelon of domestic talent team.