What are the contents of "harmony" in China traditional culture? About 200 words

I want to quote an article from Liaoning Daily as a reference, hoping to help:

"Harmony" is an important category in China traditional culture. Today, some expressions with the traditional meaning of "harmony culture", such as "harmony is precious", "harmony is precious" and "home is prosperous", still often appear in our daily life. Building a harmonious society requires building a harmonious culture. One of the important propositions is to correctly understand and scientifically apply China's traditional "harmonious culture".

Traditional "harmonious culture" is an important ideological and cultural resource for building a harmonious society. Traditional culture is dominated by Confucian culture. The main contents of Confucian "harmonious culture" include: the ideal view of a harmonious society, that is, serving the public, selecting talents and appointing people, upholding faith and cultivating harmony; Harmonious but different, inclusive cultural view; The political view of valuing the people over the monarch; The concept of governance with morality as the mainstay and punishment as the supplement; Benevolent people love others, pushing themselves and others' virtue; Self-cultivation, moral education; The concept of constant production and equal economic fairness; Social ethics of unity of righteousness and benefit and harmonious coexistence; The concept of national unity and harmony; The natural view of the unity of man and nature and so on. Through sublation, many of these components can be used to build a harmonious socialist society. In terms of practical paths and methods, Confucianism understands harmony with the "golden mean" thinking method, promotes harmony by cultivating "gentlemen" and maintains harmony with ethics, which is also of reference significance today.

For more than 2,000 years, the traditional "harmonious culture" has played an important role in promoting national unity, national unity, economic development, social stability, cultivation of civilization and fashion, personnel training, and purity of political morality and fashion. Today, humanistic spirit and self-improvement and positive value orientation are still important sources of comprehensive national strength.

South Korea, Japan and Singapore attached importance to the development, transformation and utilization of China's traditional cultural resources, which promoted rapid economic growth and social harmony to some extent after World War II. 199 1 year, based on the Confucian "harmonious culture", Singapore made a typical expression of "Asian values": "the country is supreme and society is the first; Family as the root and society as the foundation; Care and help, respect individuals; Seek common ground while reserving differences and negotiate knowledge; Racial harmony and religious tolerance. " 1994, Lee Kuan Yew said at the commemorative meeting to commemorate the 2545th anniversary of Confucius' birth: "If most people in Singapore were not influenced by Confucian values, we would not be able to overcome difficulties and setbacks." Herman kahn, an American scholar, believes that the strong dedication, recognition of political groups and inner sense of responsibility contained in Confucian values have enabled modern East Asian society to achieve faster development and higher economic efficiency than western society.

The fundamental defect of traditional "harmonious culture" determines that we can't take it as a ready-made plan to build a harmonious socialist society. It must be noted that the development and prosperity of some countries in East Asia and Southeast Asia cannot be entirely attributed to Confucian culture. The reason why Confucian culture can play an active role in it is because people have reformed and sublated it and made efforts to make it conform to modern civilization. Moreover, with the development of the times, the negative impact of the inferior heritage of Confucian culture is becoming more and more obvious in these countries. Many scholars at home and abroad have pointed out that the thoughts of rule by man and nepotism, political ethics, centralization, suppression of individual freedom and hierarchical order in Confucian culture will show more negative effects in the future modernization process. 200 1 Lee Kuan Yew admits that Confucian values not only lead to excessive practices, but also some aspects are outdated in the information age.

The history of China shows that the Confucian "harmonious culture" has not created a real harmonious society. The reason is that the fundamental system of feudal society is the land ownership and exploitation system of feudal landlords, and it is the absolute monarchy system that maintains the rule of the landlord class. The traditional "harmonious culture" tries to optimize this system and realize its harmonious ideal by making up for its shortcomings without touching or changing the fundamental system of feudal society, which is doomed to the failure of its ideal of harmonious society. From the perspective of political culture, the fundamental defect of Confucian governance view is the mode of "rule by man": it emphasizes the expectation of social ethical goals and ignores the construction of realistic social governance system; Pay attention to the construction of political subject, that is, "political man", pay attention to personality shaping, and ignore the arrangement of political system, that is, reasonable power structure, which is not good in the design of institutional system; Preaching is better than action. It can be a lubricant and regulator for rulers to ease social contradictions, but it cannot be an engine for promoting social harmony at all levels.

The harmony we seek is neither the "order" under the hierarchical system established and maintained by feudal rulers with the help of autocratic power, nor the egalitarian "harmony" required by the peasant uprising, but the harmony guided by Marxism, guaranteed by the democratic rule of law system and embodying the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. Although the traditional "harmonious culture" has ideological resources for reference, it is qualitatively different from the modern concept of harmonious governance and cannot be simply adopted and directly docked.

Go beyond the traditional governance concept and rebuild the modern harmonious governance concept through the institutionalization of democracy and the rule of law. Only when the ideal goals and ideological values are implemented at the institutional level can they play a stable and lasting role in changing the social outlook. The traditional "harmonious culture" failed to create a real harmonious society precisely because of the lack of democracy and the rule of law system. We must adhere to the organic unity of the party's leadership, the people being the masters of the country and governing the country according to law, and reconstruct the modern harmonious governance concept of democracy and the rule of law.

The traditional view of governance is ethical politics rather than institutionalized politics, the wise rule by man rather than the rule of law, and the self-discipline politics rather than heteronomy, which leads to the traditional state governance with more preaching and less system, more power and less standardization, more arbitrariness and less procedural, more experience and less scientific governance, and it is difficult to achieve social harmony and long-term stability. Beyond the traditional ruling idea, the fundamental change lies in: around democracy and the rule of law, opening up a new way to govern power, affairs, people and the country with the system.

To strengthen the institutionalization of democracy and the rule of law, we must strengthen institutional rationality, institutional awareness and institutional spirit, innovate institutional culture, and implement the concept of harmonious governance at the institutional level. Strengthen system design, pay more attention to system and system reform, and make scientific institutionalized arrangements for power structure and operation, from relying on "politicians" to "good governance" to "good governance". Strengthen institutional innovation and institutional supply capacity, improve the institutionalization level of the party, the state and the whole society, make the realization of harmonious ideals have the characteristics of institutional standardization, legal security and practical operability, and gradually realize the institutionalization of state governance.