What are the five old acrobatics in Shengjing?

Acrobatics has a long history in China. As early as the Han Dynasty, there were all kinds of acrobatics, called "Hundred Dramas", which performed table jumping, pill making, somersaults and other programs. During the Liao and Jin Dynasties, acrobatic art had spread to all parts of Northeast China. Acrobatics in Shengjing in Qing Dynasty already included circus and juggling.

Five kinds of acrobatics are described in the book A Brief Introduction to the Capital.

magic

The trick is wonderful and beautiful.

Here comes the porter again.

It's even more ridiculous to have feminine colors.

Shameless, shameless.

Uncle Le, you must scream.

Wu Wen complete set.

Jugglers perform unique skills.

Trick, also called color change, is also called magic. In classical tricks, changing people and things is called "carrying". "big handling" can change the living from the big box to the back; "Small processing" can produce flowers, fish, wine and vegetables, which are said to come from a shop. At that time, there were female artists who practiced both martial arts and acrobatics, so they were called "all-round martial arts".

martial arts

High artistic career, playing alone.

According to the spectrum, it's a fireworks style.

Shaolin stick, know a few tricks.

By fist and fist, through communication.

Go ahead, take the darts.

Bow to the thief.

The style here is martial arts. Including fists, knives, guns and sticks. Before performing martial arts, artists should "talk eloquently" and have a dialogue between master and apprentice. A claims to be skilled in martial arts and has guaranteed darts, but when he meets a mountain thief, he is willing to be a willing ox. This passage was called "bodyguard" and was later transplanted into cross talk, which is still being staged today.

Ma Jie plays tricks from the street.

Add whip to the horse, and the woman somersaults.

Go up the knife mountain, weeping willows.

Step on the soft rope and hang the monkey upside down.

Cylindrical wheels have foot strength.

"Horse solution" means circus, and there are stunts such as "eight-step drive" (flying eight-step riding without pommel horse). "Female somersault" is a female artist's somersault. "Going up the knife mountain" means erecting a tall pole with a triangular knife mountain shelf at the top. Artists climbed the ladder and performed various performances in the air. In addition, there are various acrobatics such as stepping on soft ropes, climbing big cylinders and climbing big wheels.

Play the monkey.

Monkeys, minibuses.

Riding a sheep, you can walk fast.

Climb up the pole and bump into it (suddenly).

It's clever to jump in circles.

Play the bear

Fools can climb trees.

Selling plaster as a doctor.

Take a fork. You're good at it.

Wear the cangue rope money symbol.

Monkey juggler

Playing with monkeys, playing with bears and training sheep and dogs are all acrobatics to tame animals. Artists in this trip sometimes attract audiences by playing with bears, and then make money by selling plasters or giant pills. In the jargon, the drug seller is called "Picking the Han". The seller of plasters is called "picking the stove and chewing".

There were three kinds of acrobatic performance places in Qing dynasty: one was acrobatic tricks performed on the same stage with crosstalk, drums, octagonal drums and Qupai, including ten forms of speaking, learning, singing, beating, beating and pulling, which were called "ten kinds of acrobatics"; Second, in the streets; The third is to perform in the open field of the market. Artists belong to the same family, and several apprentices perform circus, climb a knife mountain, fight China banners and so on.

In addition, some acrobatic programs were absorbed by opera, folk art and dance in the late Qing Dynasty. For example, the Peking Opera "The Great Nemesis" depicts the couple wandering the rivers and lakes, performing street tricks, performing high-table somersaults, shooting meteors and other stunts. Martial arts acrobatics are also found in martial arts dramas such as Beijing Opera Pattana. Not only beautiful, but also beautiful. It is also a stunt for a clown to drill a stool with an oil lamp on his head in the drama "The Dome Lamp". The jumping drama "Little Rooftop" has old tricks, and many jumping clowns have snuff, wax tables and other stunts. Some clowns turn their heads as light as swallows, so they are called "326". In the stilt yangko, there are acrobatic performances such as clown scorpions climbing into the city upside down and many people building buildings to stack arhats, which is a clever combination of dance acrobatics.

In the early years of the Republic of China, the acrobatic team in Shenyang had four halls: Sihetang, Yihetang, Shuangcai Hall and Fushun Hall.

Around the 1920s, acrobatic programs popular in Shenyang were mixed with mud and sand. There are both performances on the stage and fun in the tea garden; There are tricks in the greenhouse and tricks in the street; Foreign magic and new acrobatics are constantly appearing, and traditional programs are readily available. In order to make a living, artists are forced to engage in dangerous and cruel performances, interspersed with vulgar movements, and abnormal programs are produced. "Torture" in acrobatics has developed rapidly, and some even make money by showing their physical defects.