Traditional residential landscape in Bata

(1) On the Loess Plateau, people dig caves to live in, which is warm in winter and cool in summer, and caves have become traditional houses on the Loess Plateau.

(2) The loess plateau has serious soil erosion and fragile ecological environment. Measures to improve the ecological environment in this area include planting trees and grass, increasing vegetation coverage, building terraces and repairing earth dams. Therefore, the cultivated land on the Loess Plateau is mainly terraced fields;

(3) The main climate type in the area shown in the figure is temperate monsoon climate, and the serious human causes of soil erosion in the Loess Plateau are ① overgrazing and overgrazing, resulting in vegetation destruction; ② Irrational farming system (shortage of crop rotation); ③ Mining;

(4) The province represented by the number ① is Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and the main minority is Hui nationality.

So, the answer is: (1) caves; (2) terraced fields; (3) temperate monsoon climate; (1) Overgrazing and over-logging, resulting in vegetation destruction; ② Irrational farming system (shortage of crop rotation); ③ Mining; (4) Hui nationality.