What are the Ming and Qing costumes?

1. Restoration of the traditional dress system in Ming Dynasty

The costume system of the Ming Dynasty was basically formed, and the crowns, hats and shoes of courtiers and officials also restored the traditional imperial clothes, sacrificial clothes, public clothes and regular clothes. In the Ming Dynasty, robes embroidered with dragon ornaments were exclusively used by emperors. General men's wear mainly includes armor and robes. During this period, robes were the main clothes of scholars and ordinary people, and the colors were mainly blue and black, because yellow and purple were forbidden. The clothes of aristocratic women are also divided into two categories along the tradition of Tang and Song Dynasties: formal clothes and regular clothes. Big sleeves are the main clothes of emperors and queens, and rockhopper is the most luxurious and solemn ceremonial crown of aristocratic women.

The Ming emperors used to wear robes, shirts, coats and long skirts to cover their feet, which were still the main costumes of the Ming Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, it was rare for women to wear trousers. The main forms of skirts are traditional multi-tailoring and waist pleating decoration. The colorful embroidery patterns of aristocratic women's skirts are rich and luxurious, while ordinary women are mainly elegant. During this period, women's lapels and other places began to be tied with buckles, which broke away from the tradition of wearing belts in China and applied to women's dresses, adding a beautiful and exquisite charm to women. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, there was a kind of coat made of different colors and shapes of cloth and silk, which looked like pieces of paddy fields, so it was called paddy field coat. Because of its fantastic style, it once became a fashionable dress for young women.

Women's dress in Ming Dynasty also had new characteristics. Wearing epa is very popular among young women, while ladies have fur ornaments such as mink and otter skin.

2. The court of Manchu costumes

The Qing Dynasty was the ruling regime established by Manchu nobles and the last feudal dynasty in China. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Manchu rulers forcibly replaced the national crown and changed their clothes, so the traditional costumes of the Han nationality were greatly impacted and eventually replaced by Manchu costumes. Due to the deep-rooted tradition of Han costumes, in order to alleviate the contradiction, the Qing government allowed Han women to follow the costumes of the Ming Dynasty. Some clothing customs, patterns and logo patterns of the Han nationality were gradually adopted by the clothing system of the Qing Dynasty. Therefore, the Qing Dynasty formed a costume system with Manchu costumes as the main body. On the basis of the original system of Manchu before entering the customs, the dress system of Qing Dynasty was revised many times with reference to the legacy system of Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, and its dress system made detailed provisions on the styles, colors, patterns and materials of crowns and shoes. Because Manchu rulers regard adhering to the clothing system with their own national characteristics as the foundation of consolidating the country, Manchu traditional clothing has been the basic model for hundreds of years in the Qing Dynasty.

Clothing system in Qing Dynasty Clothing system in Qing Dynasty includes robes, imperial robes, dragon robes, auxiliary gowns, official gowns, embroidered gowns, official gowns, official gowns, official gowns, official gowns, official gowns, official gowns, official gowns, official gowns, official gowns and raincoats.

Pants are big dresses worn by the emperor on important occasions such as offering sacrifices to round mountains, praying for valleys and praying for rain. Dragon robe is a dress worn by the emperor in general celebrations. In the Qing Dynasty, robes were the main clothing styles, including robes usually used for living and robes used for traveling and riding. Jacket is an important clothing style in Qing Dynasty, which was worn by emperors, empresses and officials.

In the clothing system of the Qing Dynasty, great attention was paid to collar circumference and collar shoulder position, and there were two kinds of shoulder ornaments: shawl and collar. The winter clothes of emperors, royals and officials in the Qing Dynasty were all made of fur. The crown ornaments stipulated in the clothing system include crown, auspicious crown, walking crown and permanent crown. Wearing imperial beads is another feature of the clothing system in Qing Dynasty. In the Qing dynasty, the general men's clothing included robes, jackets, vests, trousers, hats, shoes and boots.

The typical dress of Manchu women is Manchu robes, that is, cheongsam. It is customary to cover the vest outside the cheongsam. There are double-breasted, large-breasted, straight-breasted, pipa-breasted and oblique-straight-breasted waistcoats. The bottom edge and edge of a vest are usually embroidered with a lot of mattress trimmings.

The costumes of Han women in Qing Dynasty followed the costumes of Ming Dynasty, generally coats, shirts and long skirts.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, cultural exchanges between China and the West became increasingly prosperous, and western-style clothing began to enter China, which also made the development of China clothing enter a turning point. At the turn of the old and the new, Chinese tunic suit, students' clothes, suits and ties, robes and jackets, improved cheongsam and military and police uniforms are widely worn by people of different classes.