What is ghost culture?

Where does the belief in ghosts and gods come from? Are there any ghosts and gods in the world? * * * What is the inevitable connection between the proletariat and atheism? Why are many leading cadres keen on "asking people, asking ghosts and gods"? Why do many people believe in ghosts? What does atheism mean to the emancipation of human mind? Let's discuss it here.

Thought is human nature, and ghosts and gods come from people's hearts. As the saying goes, "suspicion breeds dark ghosts." The appearance of ghosts and gods comes from people's subjective speculation about the unknown world, such as a simple explanation of various complex phenomena in nature, society and people's minds. In other words, human beings are full of curiosity about the unknown world and always use their limited subjective imagination to explain it. In fact, they are "weaving cages and saying things."

However, the correct understanding of the unknown world is so difficult that most people lose their interest and patience in asking questions about the unknown world, and prefer a simple sentence: "Heaven and earth determine the world" and "Life is impermanent, only ghosts and gods know" to comfort themselves. This is the origin of the theory of ghosts and gods and agnosticism. Ghost, return also; God is also spiritual. The culture of ghosts and gods, through the continuation and inheritance of folk beliefs for thousands of years, and through the concept strengthening and organizational promotion of religious groups, has developed into a spiritual ruling force with great strength and strength, and has virtually become a discourse cage that imprisons human rational spirit in "agnosticism".

Speculation and proof of the unknown world is the pleasure of human beings in natural science and philosophical exploration. Scientists and philosophers always keep a cautious attitude of "what is known is unknown" when exploring and explaining the unknown world. Only the real achievements of science or philosophy from nature are the spiritual wealth that human beings can precipitate through the long river of history. In fact, many fairy images in ghost culture are literary interpretations of these concepts of human spiritual wealth. Those who are used to fooling the masses and talking nonsense are just rubbish and eight-part essays, and will eventually disappear.

Lenin's philosophical notes say: "If God is overthrown, nature will continue to exist." This is a classic confession of an out-and-out atheist. In the eyes of atheists, ghosts and gods do not exist at all. How can we "knock down God"? But it is the most thorough break with everyone's own wrong and backward traditional ideas. This is a process of self-revolution, self-liberation, and returning to the essence of human spirit. In fact, it is a process of "getting out of the cage and changing lanes". Therefore, it's not that you don't believe in the existence of ghosts and gods and "knock down God". The debate between theism and atheism is not about whether ghosts and gods really exist, but about whether human beings need real rational thinking and whether to throw away the tools of agnostic discourse cage.

There is a phenomenon in human history and culture, that is, the left wing attaches importance to natural rationality, attaches importance to human thinking, and is indifferent to ghosts and gods; The right wing pays attention to instinctive desires, abandons human thinking and pays more attention to ghosts and gods. Specifically:

Left-wing thoughts, represented by Confucianism, like to be associated with concepts such as humanity, rationality, culture, morality, nature and philosophy. Left-wing thought is far away from ghosts and gods, and pays attention to human rationality and atheism. Make use of human nature, take rationality as a means of social adjustment, and ensure social stability through group interests, status promotion and historical fame. For example, Taoism "establishes the world by Tao, and its ghosts are not gods"; Confucianism advocates a rational attitude of being more human and less ghosts and gods.

The right-wing thought represented by legalists likes to associate human instinct, desire, economy, wealth, religion and ghosts and gods. Right-wing thought is inseparable from the theory of ghosts and gods, and pays attention to human desire and theism. Using human instinct, taking desire as the driving force of social development, restraining desire through legal punishment, religious persuasion and intimidation of ghosts and gods, and realizing self-development. For example, Legalists advocate that people should take officials as teachers, officials as teachers and emperors as teachers. Mohism directly advocates heaven, ghosts and gods, and uses the belief of ghosts and gods to restrain and persuade the people.

Some people believe that immortals exist, while others believe that immortals do not exist. Whether immortals exist or not has nothing to do with what two people believe. The same natural person, facing the same situation at the same time and place, why do some people stay away from ghosts and gods, and some people burn incense everywhere to pray to God and worship Buddha? Obviously depends on the degree of rationality and personal subjective needs. China people said: "If you believe, you will find it;" Do not believe, you will find it. " . In the eyes of most people in China, ghosts and gods are only personal subjective thoughts and a kind of spiritual comfort, so westerners say that people in China have no faith. At present, there are five main types of people who believe in ghost culture: one is people who insist on a certain belief, such as religious people; Second, naive people, such as children; Third, people with physical and mental diseases, such as people who have been ill for a long time, or patients with depression; Fourth, people who intimidate people, such as the ruling strategies of some ruling groups; Fifth, people who cheat money, such as various alchemists in society.

Here, it is very necessary to rationally interpret ghost culture and religious belief. Take the novel The Journey to the West as an example. Only the Tang Priest is mortal, and the other four are ghosts and gods, but they are not natural persons. What is their identity prototype? Specifically:

First, the Tang Priest, also known as Tang Sanzang, represents social people (vulnerable groups). The reincarnation of the golden cicada, who is listening to the Buddha's lecture, represents people all over the world who pursue happiness (bliss) and yearn for happiness (believe in Buddhism). Sanzang, where heaven and earth are hidden, is the biggest source of social talents, and talents are among the people.

Second, the Monkey King represents the culture of Heaven, called Sun Walker, and represents intellectuals (scholars). Grandson, body also; Wukong, empty affairs, out of nothing, cultural sage, innovation standard; Sun Walker is a natural saint, and personal practice of cultural theory should be applied freely.

Third, Zhu represents the authentic economy, called Zhu Bajie, and represents the economic man. Pigs are also. Understanding ability, service ability, talents, economic talents, and ability-based also; Pig Bajie is selfish, has many desires, and is talented but not virtuous. All private parties have to give up, so he must control his use.

Fourth, Sha Wujing represents humanitarian politics, called Friar Sand, and represents political people. Sand, kill also. Integrity awareness, integrity service, integrity service, integrity politics, integrity politics standards; The sand monk himself is honest, virtuous and lacking in talents. He is also fair and peaceful and cannot abuse his privileges.

Fifth, Bai represents the literature and art of ghosts and gods, and is the son of the sea dragon king, surnamed Ao, representing literati. Ao is proud of his temperament. Sea, market economy also. Tang Sanzang's strength (the driving force of progress), literature and art are also propaganda tools to push the people forward.

Therefore, the Tang Priest is a teacher, and the interests of the people are above everything else; Sun Walker takes the lead and cultural innovation opens the way; Pig eight quit for two, economic interests lead the horse; The sand monk is in the third place, and political justice is a burden; White, literary propaganda. This is the natural order of human needs, three social factors and literary tools, which is completely in line with Laozi's thought of "man, earth, heaven, heaven and Taoism are natural", that is, the natural production mode. It can be said that The Journey to the West's eighty-one difficulty is a cultural interpretation of the eighty-one chapter of Laozi's Tao Te Ching.

What if the Monkey King, a cultural saint, was hated by the Tang Priest of the common people and made Pig Bajie, an economic saint, the leader of the team? Readers who have read the novel The Journey to the West (The 28th time the monster in Huaguoshan gathers righteousness, and the monk in the black pine forest meets the magic) can understand that people who see the reality of economic society (Huang Paoguai) can also understand that the Tang Priest, as a common people, was caught by a demon and turned into a tiger in a cage, but he could not understand what he said and knew that he was wrong about the Monkey King. Therefore, we must not be short of people and disorderly, otherwise there will be big problems in social development and people will suffer greatly.

Therefore, ghost culture and religion can be correctly explained by philosophy. Ghosts and gods are just some cultural concepts and discourse cages, and they are not mysterious in themselves. Only people who are superstitious about concepts and classical dogmas, such as dogmatism and ignorant superstition, will be deeply involved. It is these spiritually alienated dogmatists, ignorant and superstitious people who represent the butcher hunters who come out from time to time to cover up the flowers and fruits of natural truth. They are not honest and kind people, but some people who are accustomed to nonsense, fame and fortune, and confused. It is also the right way to be killed by the Great Sage of Qi Tian, and to return home as a natural saint. There is a poem to prove it: "How can people go home when they are dead?" Wild ghosts are as confused as ghosts. Poor heroes, can't tell the difference between blood and sand. "

The proletariat sang in the Internationale: "There has never been a savior, nor did it rely on the immortal emperor. Creating human happiness depends on ourselves! " When this modern proletarian war song and the cultural philosophy of the ancients aroused * * * from the spiritual source of the Chinese nation, we knew that a brand-new ideal world for mankind was coming. Paying attention to the happiness of natural people and human beings from the same perspective fundamentally reveals the secret of natural * * * productism with the same root as that of Tao Te Ching.

Re-understanding Tao Te Ching and Marxist atheism will help to overcome the impetuousness, confusion and despair of human beings in the current economic society, help to return home to "rebuild Huaguoshan and restore water curtain cave", help to do a good job in the theoretical construction of capitalism, help to overcome the belief crisis of some party member cadres who "don't ask about people's livelihood and ghosts and gods", and let the alienated human spirit return to their hometown to realize the return of human beings and further firmly pursue human happiness.