Similarities and Differences of Houma Xiaoyi Shadow Play

Shadow play, also known as "light and shadow", is a kind of puppet show and one of the oldest popular operas in China. Originated in the Han Dynasty, it prevailed in the Northern Song Dynasty, and achieved unprecedented development in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, with a history of more than 2,000 years.

"shadow people" in Houma Shadow Play was originally carved with ordinary paper, then carved, colored, ironed, bound and made with donkey skin and cowhide according to the design of the characters and background in the play, and performed during the performance.

Under the operation of artists, it is reflected on the screen through the transmission of lights, and with various musical instruments and vocals, it has become an interesting drama performance form of "a bite of pain lasts forever, and millions of soldiers dance together" for thousands of years.

Deeply loved by people.

More importantly, houma city's shadow play is different from other shadow plays. First, the characters' faces are hollowed out, which can better reflect the emotions of the characters; Secondly, there are a group of people who love the art of shadow play. They have gone through hardships and passed on from generation to generation, so that they will not disappear.

Lost, especially in the 1970s and 1980s, he created Du Fu Mountain, The Red Lantern, Little Athletes, Picking Mushrooms, Watching Melons, Making a scene in Heaven, Monkey King Thrice Defeats the Skeleton Demon, Crane Turtle and Blue.

Children sell their mothers, etc. Now, it is often performed, such as Great Change, Taking Five Poisons, Pig with His Daughter-in-law, selling groceries, Little Rooster and Old Fox, etc. , and kept a lot of scripts.

Houma shadow play combines the beauty of lyrics, music, dance, martial arts, clothing and brain spectrum, giving people both auditory and visual enjoyment; In addition, in recent years, the arts and crafts of Shanghai film production are pleasing to the eye.

Shadow play has a wide range of themes, including myths, fables and comedies. Education through fun is the best spiritual food for the people.

Xiaoyi shadow play is xiaoyi shadow play.

It is an ancient traditional art of Han nationality and one of the important branches of Chinese shadow play. Named for its popularity in xiaoyi city. According to historical records, xiaoyi shadow play had class rules and sculptors in the song and Jin dynasties, indicating that xiaoyi shadow play was mature in the song and Jin dynasties. According to experts' research, Xiaoyi Shadow Play originated in the Warring States Period and is one of the earliest birthplaces of shadow play in this country.

Historical textual research

There is no exact textual research on the formation age of shadow play, but according to China's Tokyo Dream written by Meng Yuanlao in the Southern Song Dynasty,

According to records, it matured and became popular in the Song Dynasty at the latest, and there were nine shadow puppeteers such as Dong Shiwu, Cao, etc. in the Wafangdian, the capital of Tokyo. There is a "shadow painting" in the Jin Dynasty mural of Manjusri Hall of Yanshan Temple in Fan Shi, Shanxi Province, which is vivid.

It vividly showed the live performance of Shanxi shadow play at that time. After the development of Song, Jin, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, shadow play, which was popular all over the country, showed a prosperous situation in Qing Dynasty.

According to experts' research, Xiaoyi Shadow Play originated in the Warring States Period and is one of the earliest birthplaces of shadow play in China. At present, most experts and scholars believe that the shadow play began in the Han Dynasty, mainly based on the record of "Biography of consorts in Hanshu": it is said that it was Liu Che, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty.

xiaoyi shadow play

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Li Furen, the beloved concubine, died young. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty missed him and often stayed up all night. At this time, Qi people knew the worries of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. It took him three days and three nights to carve Li Fu's human figure out of leather as big as a real person.

Like, paint the color, learn the movements of Li Furen before his death, hang a white square curtain indoors, light candles, and let Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sit outside the square curtain to watch, while Shao Weng manipulates the leather man with the curtain, and the shadow is like a real person. ...

Since the Han Dynasty, shadow play has developed slowly, and artistic elements such as music, folk songs, singing, drama, sculpture and paper-cutting have been deeply integrated. However, due to the different customs in China, shadow play has its own style.

Drama genre

Due to the wide spread of shadow play in China, different schools have been formed in the long-term evolution of different regions, such as Sichuan shadow play, Hubei shadow play, Hunan shadow play, Beijing shadow play, Tangshan shadow play, Shandong shadow play, Shanxi shadow play and so on.

Qinghai Shadow Play, Ningxia Shadow Play, Shaanxi Shadow Play, and other local shadow plays with their own styles, such as Northern Sichuan Shadow Play and Chen Long Shadow Play. The musical vocals and rhythms of shadow play in various places have absorbed local operas, folk arts, folk songs and minor tunes.

The essence of the music system, thus forming a variety of schools. There are Mianyang Shadow Play, Tangshan Shadow Play, Jinan Shadow Play, Xiaoyi Shadow Play, Fuzhou Shadow Play, Haining Shadow Play, Jianghan Plain Shadow Play and Lufeng Shadow Play.

Traditional Chinese opera, Huaxian shadow play, Huayin old tune, Agong tune, stringed board tune, Huanxian Taoist shadow play, Lingyuan shadow play and so on.

Among all kinds of shadow play schools in Qin, Jin and Yu, there are more than ten kinds, such as Silban tune, Agong tune, Qiang tune, old tune, Qin tune, North-South tune, Ankang Yuetune, Shang-Dao tune and Blowing tune. Harmony, auxiliary voice and nasal rhyme are also commonly used when singing, which is melodious and very beautiful.

Although the voices of shadow play in Hebei, Beijing, Northeast China and Shandong all originated from Laoting in Luanzhou, East Hebei, their respective voices were nourished by Peking Opera, gongs and drums, bangzi and folk songs, forming different schools. Smooth flat tones, gorgeous and gorgeous tones, and sad and sad tones are all available. Among them, the choking singing method in Luanhe River area in Tang Dynasty is very unique.

In other places, such as Hunan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian and other places, shadow play music and singing also have local characteristics.

Eight Shadow Play Editors in China

Hua county shadow play

Magnificent

Shadow play in Qiang County, Wan Wan (formerly known as Time Tune) was formed in the early Qing Dynasty. Because it is mainly spread in the areas of Erhua and Dali in Weinan, it is a house in the Middle East, so it is also called Wan Wan Qiang on the East Road. This kind of drama has complete vocals and plates, and unique accompaniment instruments.

Sex, exquisite and elegant, tactfully moving, rich and colorful forms of expression. Shadow play has exquisite modeling, obvious personality characteristics, exquisite material selection and fine production. During the reign of Qing Qianlong and Jiaqing, dramatist Li and other literati raised their hands to make bowls.

There are many traditional plays such as "Top Ten Books" written by Qiang shadow play, which have been transplanted and adapted by other dramas and put on the stage for a long time, making great contributions to the art of Shaanxi opera. Shadow play classes and clubs are mostly composed of five or six people.

Cheng, easy to move, regardless of the venue, can be active in private towns and houses for many years, and lay a solid foundation in the vast rural areas.

Facing the loss and survival crisis caused by various reasons, it is an urgent and important task to rescue and protect Wan Wan Qiang shadow play, an excellent traditional culture loved by the masses.

Tangshan shadow play

Tangshan shadow play, also known as Luanzhou Shadow, Laoting Shadow and Donkey Shadow Play, is one of the most influential types of Chinese shadow play. It is generally believed that Luanzhou Cinema was founded in the late Ming Dynasty and prevailed in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, with a history of more than 400 years.

There are two main types of manipulation actors in Tangshan shadow play, namely "online" and "offline". There are three poles that dominate the action of the shadow man, which are called "main pole" and "hand pole" respectively. Tangshan shadow play usually has five kinds of division of labor: taking, posting, acting, pulling and singing, which is called "seven busy and eight idle"

There are at least 500 shadow play scripts in Tangshan, also called "shadow volumes". Among them, Liantaiben 130 is more, and there are many single plays. Plays include Five Fronts Meeting, Two Plums and Qingyun Sword.

Wait a minute. The literary structure of traditional shadow play is that there are "poems" on the stage and "rights" under the stage. Its meter is commonly used.

Seven characters, cross brocade, three driving seven characters, five characters, hard powder, big Phnom Penh, small gold edge, etc. The structure of these lyrics is based on the upper and lower sentences, and each lyric is one.

Generally, it consists of several pairs of upper and lower sentences with the same rhyme. Based on Laoting dialect, Tangshan shadow play is good at singing and has a unique style. The basic plates are large plates, two-dimensional plates and three-dimensional plates.

Xiaoyi Shadow Play (20 pieces)

Sex board, scattered board, flat singing, coloratura, sad tone, sad tone, wandering tone, returning tone and various tones named after special sentence patterns.

The carving of shadow play should go through several steps, such as scraping skin and pulp, laying samples and carving, painting and oiling, nailing and assembling sticks. Knife edge and coloring are the places that best reflect the sculptor's level. Character modeling is divided into raw, small, big, sideburns, ugly and so on.

The content of Tangshan shadow play is an important material for in-depth analysis of local folk customs and religious psychology. Data of vocal performances and stage props of shadow puppeteers in Tangshan in the past dynasties

Technological improvement and innovation never stop. These experiences are valuable wealth for present and future generations. The inheritance of Tangshan shadow play continues the way of oral teaching and provides important reference value for the ways and means of cultural inheritance. Tangshanpi

Shadow play's singing, music, performance and modeling all have a unique local style, which is well received by peers and audiences at home and abroad and has high appreciation and research value.

At present, less than 10 people can create shadow play scripts, shadow play artists are too old to find disciples to pass on, and fewer and fewer people appreciate the art of shadow play. Tangshan shadow play is facing the dilemma of being lost.

Shadow play in southern Hebei

Reporting area or unit: Handan City, Hebei Province

Shadow play in southern Hebei is mainly distributed in many counties and districts in Handan, Hebei Province.

Shadow play in southern Hebei has a long history. It is said that Beijing Palace Shadow Play was formed in southern Hebei, mainly distributed in southern Hebei, and spread to central and northern Hebei. Southern Hebei movie theater is an important branch of Central Plains movie theater in Song Dynasty, which is closely related to Henan movie theater.

The shadow play in southern Hebei is simple in modeling, combined with carving and painting, and concise in modeling system, which embodies the style of early shadow play in China. The shadow play in southern Hebei is rich in repertoire, and there is no text in the singing, which is completely

Oral teaching, humorous dialogue, very colloquial, easy-to-understand performance, with distinctive local characteristics. The props of shadow play in southern Hebei mainly include shadow play modeling, performance screens and accompaniment instruments. The band is equipped with banhu, erhu and boring

Musical instruments such as flute, sanxian, suona and sheng are now equipped with electronic organs. The martial arts field is equipped with bangu, war drum, big drum, big gong, small gong, big cymbal, small cymbal, horse number and bangzi. The Shadow Play Club in southern Hebei still maintains its traditional habits.

Vulgarity basically embodies the performance form of the original ecological shadow play.

Shadow play in southern Hebei has a glorious history, but today it is in a very embarrassing living situation. Most shadow puppeteers are too old to sing, especially middle-aged artists.

There are fewer young artists and fewer movie boxes. Some clubs only leave props, and artists are gone. According to the statistics of six counties in southern Hebei, the number of shadow play clubs that can perform now has decreased from more than 100 in the early days of liberation.

By 10, the number of shadow puppet shows has decreased from nearly a thousand in the past to more than 100, and the number of performances has decreased from more than 200 in the past to more than 30, with fewer and fewer performances and smaller performance scope. Traditional shadow play

Performance skills are difficult to pass on, and its singing, oral repertoire and carving methods are almost lost.

Fuzhou shadow play

Reporting area or unit: wafangdian city, Liaoning Province.

Fuzhou shadow play was spread by Shaanxi soldiers who came to the northeast to defend the border during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty (1573- 1620). Fuzhou shadow play is really active and popular.

During the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty (1796- 182 1), the "White Lotus" was popular in Hebei, and some shadow puppeteers also joined the "White Lotus", which was falsely accused by the Qing government of "hanging lanterns thieves" and ordered to ban shadow puppetry. Hebei Province

Luanzhou shadow puppeteers were forced to flow into the northeast and southern Liaoning. Fuzhou shadow play was born and developed under this background, and it has a history of more than 300 years.

From 1932, Fuzhou shadow play was forced to stop performing and resumed after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War. After the national liberation, the shadow play in Wafangdian area was very active. At the peak, there were 43 shadow play classes in the county, and there were more than 20 shadow play artists who had great influence among the masses.

Fuzhou shadow play has a long history and important historical and cultural value. It has played a publicity and education role in spreading cultural knowledge, preserving and inheriting folk valuable historical legends, local customs and people's stories. Judging from the contents reflected in Fuzhou shadow play, it covers social life, praises the truth, goodness and beauty, and lashes the false, evil and ugly, and is deeply loved by local people.

Haining shadow play

Reporting area or unit: Haining City, Zhejiang Province

Haining Shadow Play, located in Haining City, Zhejiang Province, on the north bank of Qiantang River, is a classical drama with the style of Southern Song Dynasty.

Haining Shadow Play was introduced from the Southern Song Dynasty, that is, it was integrated with the local "Haitang Salt Play" and "Haining Minor", and absorbed the classical tunes such as "Yiyang Tune" and changed the northern tune to the southern tune.

Cavity, forming ancient music based on "Yiyang cavity" and "Haiyan cavity"; The tune is sonorous, impassioned and elegant, accompanied by flute, suona, erhu and other Jiangnan silk and bamboo. The rhythm is bright and melodious, full of water town charm.

At the same time, the lyrics and lyrics were changed to Haining dialect, which became a regular program for folk weddings, birthdays and blessings. Moreover, Haining is rich in silk, and there is a folk custom of praying for the silkworm god. Shadow play is also called "Silkworm Flower Play" because of its long performance time.

"silkworm flower class"

The figures in Haining Shadow Play are made of sheepskin or cowhide through painting, cutting, hooking, coloring, sewing and inserting. The main features are: "less carving, more painting, single-line flat painting", round face, one-eyed side, less exaggeration, close to reality, full of "human feelings" flavor; The whole body is dominated by one hand and one foot (sideways), which is quite ethnic and folk.

Haining's shadow play has been performed for nearly a thousand years. By the 1930s and 1940s, there were more than 20 troupes and more than 300 plays and actors in Haining.

120 people. With the changes of the times, the living environment of shadow play art has been seriously affected. In 1950s, Zhejiang Provincial Department of Culture went to Beijing to perform in order to form a troupe. After investigation, Haining is the only place in the province where shadow play is exquisite.

People. But today, the only remaining old artists are over 70 years old, and there is no successor, which has become one of the key traditional folk art projects.

Shadow Play in Jianghan Plain

Shadow play in Jianghan Plain refers to the shadow play with the same artistic features in Mianyang (now Xiantao City), Qianjiang, Tianmen, Jianli, Honghu, Shishou, Jiangling, Gongan and Jingshan counties (cities) in central and southern Hubei Province. Jianghan shadow play, especially Mianyang shadow play, is the most famous. It integrates traditional painting, sculpture and art, and integrates film and television animation. It has a strong flavor of Chinese culture, and is a wonderful flower in China art world.

Jianghan Plain, which borders the Yangtze River in the north and Hanshui River in the south, is one of the cradles of Jingchu culture, and shadow play has found a breeding and prosperous soil here. Although its origin can't be verified, as early as the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, there was a habit of singing shadow play on holidays, which formed a unique style and carving characteristics over time.

The core area of shadow play in Jianghan Plain is concentrated in Tian, Qian and Mian, and its remarkable artistic features are mainly manifested in the art of sculpture, singing and oral writing.

Shadow play in Jianghan Plain, with a length of 70cm to 80cm, belongs to the category of "door-god spectrum", and is mainly composed of "Little Pig" and "Tonge".

"Guo Ge" and "Yang Ge" four styles. "Little Pig" was created by Pi and Pi, two brothers of Xiantao Xiudi. Shadow play is beautifully made, both positive and negative, and paper-cut. "Tonge" is the shadow play master soup of Qianjiang Wangchang.

Created by Yutang, his shadow play is good at flowers and plants; Guo Ge was written by Guo Da's father (date of birth and death, name unknown) in Sanjiangkou, Qianjiang, and is especially famous for his lifelike characters. "Brother Yang" is Yang, a former member of Mianyang Shadow Play Team.

Compared with other styles, the shadow is slender, with large holes and good light transmission.

The singing of shadow play in Jianghan Plain is mainly singing and fishing drum singing. The "chicken singing" in vocal shadow play originated from Fortress Besieged by Chu State in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, which is a "living fossil" in China traditional music. Fishing drum cavity comes from the begging songs of old artists, with diverse modes and strong local flavor.

There are more than 300 shadow plays in Jianghan Plain. In fact, these "scripts" only have the provisions of the repertoire. When performing, they all rely on artists to unfold plots and portray characters according to historical stories. Singing, doing, reading and acting are integrated, and its oral literary form is another main feature of shadow play in Jianghan Plain.

The shadow play in Jianghan Plain is exquisitely made, vivid in shape and beautiful in singing, and rich in ancient Chu culture style, which is deeply loved by people of all ages.

With the maturity of modern civilization and the death of the older generation of artists, the shadow play in Jianghan Plain began to die out, and its artistic essence needs to be passed down by future generations.

Mianyang Chinese shadow play

Mianyang shadow play, commonly known as "shadow play", has a history of more than 300 years. It is unique with exquisite and vivid images, beautiful lyrical singing, interesting lines and elegant accompaniment, and is deeply loved by the people. It is a wonderful flower among many folk arts in Jianghan Plain. Mianyang (now Xiantao City, Hubei Province) is a famous hometown of shadow play art at home and abroad. The folk ballad "Look at cowhide, boil your eyelids, go home in the middle of the night and bump your skin, and your wife will squeeze your eyebrows", which shows that shadow play has great temptation.

The shape of Xiantao shadow play imitates the face of the drama characters, and it is carved and cut by Miyang.

Hand-carved, beautifully carved, full of health, beauty, cleanliness, ugliness and business; In terms of modeling, the shadow of shadow play is 70 cm to 80 cm long, which belongs to the category of "door god spectrum" and its modeling is more realistic; Rich in content (more)

Because of historical stories, biographies, etc. ), there are more than 300 films, such as Chu-Han dispute, Three Kingdoms, Sui and Tang Dynasties, Water Margin and Journey to the West, with ups and downs and suspense. Singing with the tune of fishing drum, the language is humorous and full of strong local flavor.

Interest, widely spread in Xiantao city and rural areas, and even Jianghan plain.

Mianyang shadow play is mainly composed of fishing drums and vocals, accompanied by percussion and sung in chorus. Fishing drum shadow play is mainly based on Mianyang fishing drum tune, loud and unrestrained, lively and cheerful. The aria of Mianyang Fishing Drum can be divided into five categories, including flat cavity, sad cavity, fishbone, pipa and miscellaneous cavity, with more than 50 kinds. Due to the different popular areas, it is divided into the upper road, the middle road and the lower road. On the road, we borrowed folk tunes such as mowing songs, fiddling songs and perching songs, while in the middle road, the melodious tunes of the road are the origin of Mianyang Fishing Drum Tune.

There are two kinds of Mianyang shadow play: Daobai and Bai Yun. The authentic Mianyang dialect, mixed with folk sayings, proverbs, two-part allegorical sayings and dialects, is humorous and full of local flavor and folk flavor, which makes the audience feel very cordial. Lyrics 1

Generally speaking, there are three sentence patterns: five-five-seven-five sentences, seven-word sentences and cross sentences, and there are also three-word or four-word overlapping sentences. There are two kinds of lyrics: one rhyme to the end and one rhyme to each paragraph. Rhyme is divided into "light, light, board, repair, song, hemp, foreign, Yu,

Pro, kindness, behavior, grams, four, in, music ". The lyrics "Fifteen Rhymes" of Mianyang Yugu Shadow Play are the same as the rhymes "Thirteen Strings" in poetry. Artists must be familiar with the rhyme when singing the shadow play of fishing drums, especially when writing and singing "Good Water Words".

Be sure to talk eloquently and rhyme properly.

There was no orchestral accompaniment in the early fishing drum shadow play, only the fishing drum tube and the cloud board beat the board, and drums, cymbals, big gongs, small gongs and ma gongs played, interspersed and sang songs on the stage. At first, the shadow play class consisted of three or four people, two of whom were singing while holding a shadow play, one was playing a fishing drum and a cloud board, and the other was clapping (gongs and drums, etc.). ). Later, accompanied by national instrumental music (dulcimer, erhu, Hu Si, flute, suona, etc. ) introducing and increasing female artists to sing female characters, and increasing the number of shadow play classes to five to eight classes, further enhancing the artistic effect of shadow play singing; Mianyang shadow play is constantly innovating in stage art, lighting, special effects, vocal music and shadow play operation, which makes the shadow play extremely artistic.

Mianyang shadow play has been handed down from generation to generation. After the founding of New China, the number of singers increased. 195 1 year, Xiantao also established the first shadow play art troupe in Hubei province, and was invited to be included as the founder.

China condolence group, four shadow puppeteers went to North Korea to express their condolences to Chinese people's Volunteer Army, encouraging soldiers to kill the enemy heroically and defend the country. Mianyang shadow play, beautifully carved and loud in singing, once brought a lot of laughter and glory to Xiantao people. 1953

In 2006, shadow play artist Gong Benhuai's "Song Wu Da Hu" won the first prize of the whole province and the Central South Bureau. 1March, 955, went to the provincial capital to perform, and Mianyang shadow play "Song Wu Da Hu" won the first prize; 1957 Pi

Shadow play "Building a Car" was recorded by Hubei Radio Station and distributed to the whole country by China Recording Society. 1988, after watching the shadow play in Mianyang, the delegation of West German shadow play requested that two shadow plays be brought back to China and exhibited in China.

At the national museum; 198 1 In May, the leading comrades of the Central Ministry of Culture and the National Puppet Shadow Play Association went to Mianyang to watch the shadow play "Flame Mountain", and they greatly praised the singing skills of the play. The provincial TV station also went to shoot.

A documentary about Mianyang shadow play. In 2007, Xiantao was named "the hometown of shadow play art in Hubei" by the provincial government.

At present, there are 15 shadow play art groups in Xiantao, with nearly 300 shadow play artists, who are active in the streets and villages all the year round. In the past, the grand scene of "singing flowers and drums in five miles, and shadow play in every village" reappeared in Xiantao.

Lufeng shadow play

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Reporting area or unit: Lufeng Shadow Play in Shanwei City, Guangdong Province is the only relic of Chaozhou Shadow Play, one of the three major shadow play systems in China, and Lufeng Shadow Play Troupe is the only professional shadow play troupe in Guangdong Province. Lufeng shadow play has been born among the people.

Its existence and development are rooted in the genes of the ancient Minnan language family and influenced by the folk customs of Hailufeng. Rich singing music, strong local characteristics, exquisite painting and sculpture, vivid and elegant performance.

Lufeng City is located on the bank of Jieshi Bay in the southeast of Guangdong Province, bordering the South China Sea in the south, Hong Kong and Macao, and between Shenzhen and Shantou, with very convenient land and water transportation. Lufengpi

The shadow lives in this small town. It has a long history, formed in the Song Dynasty, prevailed in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and prevailed in the Republic of China. In the war on the eve of the founding of New China, most other operas stopped drumming classes, and shadow play classes were still active in the Zhou Dynasty.

Border Town and Country shows that shadow play has a deep mass base and strong vitality. After the founding of New China, it was revived and developed, attracting worldwide attention in painting, music, production, performance, effects and stage lighting.

Wherever he goes, he is welcomed by the audience, especially the children. The performance area is constantly expanding, not only to cities and counties such as northern Guangdong and Guangzhou, but also to many cities and counties in Fujian. 1975

After that, he went to Beijing to participate in many performances, and his plays such as War with the Beast, Chicken and Snake, Tortoise and Rabbit Race, Flying, Cockfighting and Crying Tower were widely praised. Lufeng shadow play is a traditional folk art, with

High historical value, educational value and artistic value.