The era of four research paradigms

1. Experimental science, namely first normal form, mainly records and describes natural phenomena, which existed thousands of years ago.

2. Theoretical science, that is, the second paradigm, and its typical cases, such as Newton's three laws and Maxwell's equations, existed hundreds of years ago.

3. Computational science, the third paradigm, simulates complex phenomena, and its typical cases, such as simulated nuclear tests, have existed for nearly twenty years.

4. Data-intensive science, that is, the fourth paradigm, uses computers to simulate and calculate data, which exists now and in the future.