What are the risks of the banking system in the field of finance and credit?

1. Credit risk control objective: one-way utility. Security is the premise and goal of bank loan business, but this kind of security is conducive to business development and income expansion, not without paying attention to the security of income, not without risk or low risk of negative income. In recent years, the credit risk awareness of China's commercial banks has been significantly enhanced, and most banking institutions pay more attention to credit risk control in the process of credit management. However, most banking institutions cannot properly handle the relationship between business development and risk control, and often choose one-way between business development and risk control. Some branches unilaterally pursue the quality of credit assets and mechanically pursue zero non-performing loans, which leads to the continuous shrinkage of credit business and low operating efficiency, which further restricts the improvement of credit asset quality and causes a vicious circle among credit asset quality, business development and operating efficiency. Of course, it does not rule out that some sub-branches still go their own way, ignore the risk of credit assets and blindly issue loans in order to achieve immediate deposit and profit goals and improve their work performance, resulting in non-performing loans at the same time of collection, divestiture and write-off, and the non-performing loan rate remains high. The main reason lies in the lack of the idea of integrated management of credit risk and income in thought and the lack of the mechanism of integrated management of credit risk and income in action.

2. Quality of credit risk control: Is zero risk the best? If it is purely from the safety principle, then zero risk is of course the best state of credit risk control quality, which is beyond doubt. However, maximizing benefits is the ultimate goal pursued by banks and the starting point and destination of development and security. Income and risk are two sides of the same thing, which are contradictory and must be unified. In the real monetary and credit economic activities, the credit business of commercial banks is always accompanied by risks, and the operation of credit funds cannot be absolutely zero risk, but only relatively low risk. No matter what mechanism or measure is adopted, its function is only to reduce, control and prevent risks, and it is impossible to avoid risks. If the permanent danger is truly realized, then, one is the loss of development and efficiency, and the other is the death of the monetary credit economy.

3. Depth of credit risk control: This depth is not deep. From the internal control risk of commercial banks, the credit risk mainly comes from the ineffective implementation of the "three checks" system of loans, the "three checks" work is not in-depth and meticulous, and there are problems in the form of the "three checks" system in the past and now. 1. As a key link of risk control, pre-loan investigation requires investigators to go deep into the enterprise to check the account books and vouchers, verify relevant data, understand the products, production, operation and management of the enterprise, and conduct comprehensive analysis and research through a large number of data to form an objective, fair and decision-making conclusion. However, it is at this "point" that the loan officer cannot conduct an in-depth investigation or verify the relevant figures. Only according to the relevant written materials provided by enterprises, according to the requirements of bank credit management, simply accept and use, extract and integrate the report data provided by enterprises, and make superficial articles. According to the conclusions drawn from such a pre-loan investigation report, the loan has become unsafe. Second, as a key link of risk control, post-loan inspection requires credit personnel to go deep into the enterprise to monitor its economic activities and capital flow, and carefully analyze its loan risk changes. But the follow-up management of many loan enterprises has been relaxed. Because there is no time to know the situation, it is impossible to keep abreast of the changes in the production and operation of enterprises. Post-loan management is mainly to meet the needs of daily system inspection. This kind of inspection is a written reflection of enterprise report data and impression transfer, which cannot truly reflect the actual situation of the enterprise and loses the real significance of post-loan inspection. This is the main reason for the failure of the loan early warning mechanism. Third, an intuitive and scientific risk control index system has not been established. The enterprise financial index risk early warning and monitoring information system is too complicated to operate. In the current post-loan management text, there are more than 40 information warnings about the analysis of enterprise financial indicators, mainly according to the change range of each subject in the enterprise financial statements. With so many comparative indicators, relevant personnel need to collect a large number of financial data of the same industry, the same period of the enterprise and the beginning of the year. And these indicators are basically scattered rather than systematic. It is difficult to explain the financial trend of enterprises, the degree of loan risk and analyze the loan risk of banks in each sub-index.

4. Scope of credit risk control: There are many vacuums. For a long time, state-owned commercial banks lack the concept of comprehensive risk control, ignoring the control of risks in advance and in the process. Due to the imperfect management mechanism, immature market environment and asymmetric information resources, commercial banks have many weak links in customer target selection and positioning, loan issuance, post-loan management and loan responsibility, forming many "vacuum zones" for risk control. For example, some grass-roots credit market departments of state-owned commercial banks lack the ability to predict and control all kinds of credit risks, and even turn a blind eye to risks; The asset preservation department is limited to the disposal of non-performing loan cases, but ignores the classification and comprehensive analysis of risks, providing necessary information support for the front desk.

5. Credit risk control: improper scale. In the use of economic leverage, there is a deformed mechanism of giving certain rewards to loans and rewarding non-performing loans, which leads to more rewards when the number of loans is large and the quality is poor, and less rewards when the quality is good (the favorable policy opportunity of rewarding non-performing loans is lost); The credit assets with good quality that were rewarded were not rewarded, while the credit assets with poor quality that should not be rewarded got the biggest real reward because of the collection of a large number of non-performing loans.