Introduction of Singapore

Singapore is introduced as follows:

I. Geographic location

Singapore is located in the south of the Malay Peninsula. North of the Straits of Johor and Malaysia as neighbors, south of the Straits of Singapore and Indonesia. It is located at the entrance and exit of the Strait of Malacca, a major shipping route between the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The whole territory of Singapore consists of Singapore Island and more than 50 small islands nearby. The island of Singapore is diamond-shaped, with an area of 560,000 square kilometers, accounting for 91.6% of the country's total area.

The terrain on the island is relatively flat, the highest Bukit Timah Hill is 170 meters above sea level. It is the highest point in Singapore. There are some rivers on the island such as Grange and Jurong, but the longest is just over 6 kilometers. There are more than 50 small islands off the island of Singapore, of which Sentosa Island and Turtle Island have been built as tourist resorts and the Greater Teck Kwong Island has been developed to become an important industrial site.

Singapore is a typical tropical rainforest climate, high temperature and rain all year round, with an average annual temperature of 24 ℃ ~ 27 ℃, and an average annual rainfall of 2400 millimeters. Singapore is rich in plant resources, has found as many as 2,000 species, including rubber, coconut is a high economic value of crops, the famous hokkien (orchid) planting is very common, Jokin Vanda orchid is the national flower of Singapore. Second, the climate is warm and humid belongs to the tropical climate, four seasons always summer. The temperature remains between 24 degrees and 32 degrees throughout the year.

Three, social diversity [population and ethnicity] Singapore per capita living in the city

Singapore is densely populated, with a population density of about 3,228 people per square kilometer, the smallest area in Southeast Asia, and the most densely populated country. Singapore is a multiracial country with 208 ethnic groups living in the country, with the Malays being the indigenous people.

Now it is dominated by Chinese, Malays, Indians, Pakistanis, and Bengalis, with 76.1% Chinese, 15.1% Malays, and a few Arabs, Scots, Dutch, Afghans, Filipinos, Burmese, and people of mixed Eurasian race.

[Language and Religion] Malay is the national language and English is used by the authorities. There are four official languages: Mandarin, Malay, Tamil and English. Malay, the national language, is not spoken throughout the country, and Singapore is in the process of introducing Mandarin throughout the country.

Singapore's religious beliefs are complex, and all the world's major religions have followers here. Traditionally, people of Chinese origin are mostly Buddhists or Taoists, with a few Catholics or Christians; people of Malay and Pakistani origin are basically Muslims, and people of Indian origin are Hindus.

[Folkways and customs] Most Chinese observe the customs of their ancestors, celebrating the New Year on New Year's Eve and worshipping the gods on the first day of the Lunar New Year; welcoming the gods, staging plays and catching up with the temple fairs on the Wuxiao Festival; eating brown rice at the Dragon Boat Festival; and eating mooncakes at the Mid-Autumn Festival. The biggest festival of the Malays is the Fasting Festival. Women of Indian origin have sandalwood red dots dotted on their foreheads, men wear white belts, and most people greet each other with folded hands and take off their shoes when they enter the house. Socializing and eating are left-handed only, cows are sanctified, and beef is not eaten.

The annual festival of demon slaying (generally between October and November in the Gregorian calendar) families around the house to point candles, oil lamps, to meet the guardian god and goddess of fortune. On this day, Hindus have to clean their houses and settle their accounts and personal grudges for the year. Various ethnic weddings Chinese to choose the auspicious day for the wedding, fashionable Chinese bride in the wedding out of a small porcelain teacups to her parents, when the in-laws from the bride's hands to take the teacups, it is indicated that the bride has been accepted into the family.

Malay weddings invite almost the entire village to attend, and the guests leave with a hard-boiled egg in their hands when they are full of wine and food, signifying that they have many children and grandchildren. Indian wedding in the temple with religious chants and prayers held, seem very solemn. The bride is wrapped in a jeweled silk, and her husband kneels in front of her and quietly puts a ring on her toe.

The highlight of the ceremony is when the bride dons a heavy garland of jasmine and orchids, and guests throw petals at the couple, completing the solemnization of the marriage amidst the scent of fragrant flowers.

Fourth, Economy, Singapore was basically an entrepot in the 1950s, with poor living conditions and high unemployment

After independence, the government adhered to a liberal economic policy, vigorously absorbing foreign investment and developing a diversified economy. After 30 years of development, Singapore's economy achieved remarkable growth: an average growth rate of 8.4% in the 1960s, 9.4% in the 1970s and 8.2% in the 1980s.

There was a "structural surplus" in the second half of 1984 and a sharp recession in 1987, when the economy fully recovered. 1988 saw the highest growth rate in 15 years, at 11%, 1989 at 9.2%, and 1990 at around 8.3%. Gross National Product (GNP) per capita in 1990 was S$21,658 (equivalent to US$12,300), up from S$1,330 (US$440) in 1960, the second highest in Asia. As of May 1992, foreign exchange reserves were S$60.5 billion (about US$38 billion).

Continued economic growth "has made Singapore a vibrant industrial, commercial, and service center in Southeast Asia." [Industry] is mainly manufacturing, with electronics and electrical appliances, oil refining, and ship repair being the three pillars of manufacturing. There are fixed assets of 22 billion Singapore dollars, foreign investment accounted for 65%. The high-tech industry is developing rapidly, with a 12-fold increase in high-tech professionals over the past 10 years; the value of output has reached US$630 million in 1989, a 17-fold increase over 1980.

Electrical and electronic industry is the most important part, in 1989 accounted for 38.6% of the total output value of the manufacturing industry, now Singapore has become the world's leading producer of computer disks and integrated circuits. 1991 has more than 6,000 large and medium-sized computers in the middle of the year. Next is the oil refining industry, Singapore is the world's third largest oil refining center after the United States Houston and the Netherlands Rotterdam, 1.1 million barrels of oil per day, more than 90% of petroleum products for export.

Shipbuilding includes ship repair, shipbuilding and oil rig construction, is the largest ship repair base east of the Suez Canal and west of Japan and second only to the United States of America's oil rig repair center. In addition to manufacturing, there are textile, transportation equipment, construction and other industries. Exports of industrial products account for 50% of Singapore's total foreign exchange earnings.

[Agriculture] accounts for less than 1% of the national economy, with horticulture, poultry and aquaculture as the main industries. Agriculture has 9,500 hectares of arable land, accounting for 9.5% of the national territory. All food is imported. Tourism is one of the main sources of foreign exchange. In 1990, the number of Singaporean visitors and tourists amounted to 5,322,900, and the foreign exchange earnings exceeded S$5 billion.

[Transportation] is the largest entrepot in the Asia-Pacific region, more than 150 shipping companies from more than 80 countries use this port. 1989 ships docked in the port of Singapore **** 36,000 times, cargo throughput of 390 million tons. Singapore is an aviation center connecting Europe, Asia and Oceania, with routes to 53 countries and 101 cities. Changi Airport is the largest airport. Roads are 2,600 kilometers long. Railroads have only one main railroad line that runs through the country from south to north.

[Finance] In 1990, the balance of payments had a surplus of US$1.898 billion and there was no foreign debt, making it a net lender. New is an international financial center and one of the Asian dollar market center. 1988 **** there are 134 commercial banks, including 12 foreign banks. In addition to commercial banks, there are new securities banks, finance companies, discount companies, financial leasing companies, international financial exchange and other financial institutions. in the first three quarters of 1990, the financial sector grew by as much as 24.6 percent over the same period in 1989.

[Foreign trade] Foreign trade is an important pillar of the new national economy. The main imports are crude oil, machinery and equipment, industrial raw materials and foodstuffs, etc. The main exports are petroleum, chemical products, electronic and electrical appliances, and textiles. The main re-exports are rubber, timber, oil drilling equipment and so on. The United States, Japan, Malaysia and Western Europe are the main trading partners.

Fifth, the city of Singapore Singapore **** and the country's capital

National political, economic and cultural center. Also known as the Lion City, Star State, Star Island and Lakbuk and so on. The central district of Singapore City, along the middle of the bay on both sides of the Office Street, towering with British-style buildings. The area around Hoploe Road and Ngok Road is basically a newly built residential area. While the Orchard Road area is lined with stores, restaurants and shopping centers.

Tall buildings abound in the city, the tallest of which, the 72-storey Tower, is currently the tallest building in Southeast Asia. Singapore's streets are neat, tree-lined, flowers everywhere, the environment is very beautiful, the city is like a magnificent large garden. Singapore factories, many enterprises, is Singapore's commercial and financial center.

Sixth, tourism

Singapore's tourism industry is well developed, received 4.5 million foreign tourists in 1991, an increase of 1.7% over the previous year, the income of up to 8.5 billion Singapore dollars. Traveling to Singapore, you can visit the Zoo, Botanical Gardens, Lion's Head and Fishtail Park, Elizabeth Park and Jurong Island type parks.

You can also climb Sentosa Island, Turtlefish Island and Mount Royal. One can also sightsee Chinatown and World Trade Center Building. Pay a visit to the Singapore War Memorial Tower, which is 60 feet high and is surrounded by 24 walls engraved with the names of 24,000 martyrs who died in the Second World War.