Pattern characteristics of Chaoshan dwellings in Chaozhou

There are many plane types of Chaoshan folk houses, and the most basic forms are lion climbing and quarter gold. Lion climbing is also called lion throwing in the local area, or Shang Lu Gen and Xia Shuang Hu, which is a three-in-one courtyard form. Quarter gold is a quadrilateral form. Most of the other houses are developed with four cents as the basic unit. Four-point gold develops horizontally in the form of five rooms and seven rooms, and vertically in the form of three towers, also known as eight halls opposite, three walls connected, four-horse trailer, etc., which is relatively regular.

From the plane types of Chaoshan dwellings, we can see the following characteristics:

(1) has compact plane, rich types and flexible combination.

The plane of Chaoshan folk houses, combined with the characteristics of local hot and humid climate, adopts the mode of dense layout. It concentrates and combines buildings. Buildings are separated by patios, which are connected by halls, aisles or eaves galleries. The plane combination is very compact. Instead of being made into a big yard and distributed layout like the northern houses, it combines the regional characteristics well and solves the problems of ventilation, heat protection, sun protection, rain protection and wind protection.

Although the basic units of Chaoshan residential layout are lion climbing and quarter gold, their combination is flexible. Can be combined with small and medium-sized units. It can be simply combined or combined.

(2) Closed outside, open inside, dense and square plane layout.

In feudal society, due to the patriarchal clan system, residential buildings have distinct classes and closures, and the external walls are tight, so windows are generally not opened. However, due to the characteristics of the southern climate, people require residential buildings to be transparent and cool, thus forming a plane layout model with external closure and internal opening. In Chaoshan dwellings, in order to realize internal opening, the following treatment methods are generally adopted:

① The hall is open or semi-open.

② The hall itself is barrier-free.

(3) When the orientation of the entrance hall is not conducive to ventilation, open the entrance hall to obtain good ventilation conditions. The hall extends forward or backward, or protrudes from the north and south halls, facing the water and sticking out of the water.

(3) The layout of courtyard patio is flexible, and the indoor and outdoor spaces are closely combined.

Courtyard patio is a general term for courtyard and patio. The larger one is called courtyard, and the smaller one is called patio. It has the functions of ventilation, lighting, drainage, ventilation, household sideline, sundries utilization and beautifying the environment, and is an indispensable part of the layout of residential buildings. In Chaoshan folk houses, the layout of courtyard patio is very distinctive. It is not only flexible and changeable, but also closely combined with the hall, making the indoor and outdoor space a whole and forming a transparent and open layout of local houses. Its basic experience is:

① The shape and size of courtyard patio are determined according to its functional requirements and different positions.

② Indoor and outdoor space in one go.

(3) Use the gallery to enrich the spatial combination.

(4) Use green or decorative walls to enrich indoor and outdoor space.

(4) The courtyard faces the ventilation system combined with the hall, patio and passage.

The low latitude, large solar altitude angle and large radiant heat in Chaoshan area affect the stability of indoor temperature. Therefore, how to take measures such as sun protection, sun shading and heat insulation is one of the important problems to solve the cooling of residential buildings.

In addition, the climate in the south is humid and the indoor air is sultry. Therefore, how to accelerate the emission of indoor radiant heat and human skin heat, promote the thermal balance of human body and create conditions conducive to comfortable living will be a more important problem for residential buildings to solve the hot and humid climate, which requires good natural ventilation conditions in residential buildings.

In residential buildings, to achieve good natural ventilation effect, we must first have a good orientation, so as to obtain the conditions for air intake. When the orientation and ventilation conditions are already available, the ventilation effect in the house will depend on the plane layout. In the planning, the Chaoshan residence adopts the layout of hall, patio and passage to organize natural ventilation. After investigation, the effect is good.

① Single patio ventilation is more common in small houses.

② Multi-patio ventilation is adopted in large residential buildings.

To sum up, due to the influence of environmental factors and human factors, Chaozhou quadrangles have formed a unique pattern.