Comparative analysis of e-commerce and traditional business logistics

Comparison between traditional logistics and modern logistics

With the rapid development of the world economy and the progress of modern science and technology, the logistics industry, as a new service industry in the national economy, is developing rapidly all over the world. Internationally, the logistics industry is regarded as the artery and basic industry of national economic development, and its development degree has become one of the important symbols to measure a country's modernization and comprehensive national strength, and is known as the "accelerator" to promote economic development.

1. Basic understanding of the logistics industry?

(A) the development of the logistics industry and its basic connotation?

The emergence and development of logistics industry is the product of economic development to a certain stage and deepening social division of labor. Traditional logistics activities are scattered in different economic sectors, different enterprises and different functional departments within enterprise organizations. With the rapid development of economy, the improvement of scientific and technological level and the acceleration of industrialization, large-scale production and large-scale consumption make the scale of logistics in the economy increasingly large and complex, and the traditional and decentralized logistics activities are far from meeting the requirements of modern economic development. The low efficiency and high cost of logistics activities have become the restrictive factors that affect the efficiency of economic operation and the smooth progress of social reproduction, and are known as the "dark continent of economy" (P. P.DrukerFortune 1962). From 1950s to 1970s, enterprises in developed countries began to attach importance to and strengthen the scientific management of logistics activities around material management and logistics distribution, and achieved remarkable results in reducing logistics costs. ?

Since the 1980s, with the sustained development of economic globalization, the continuous improvement of scientific and technological level and the further deepening of specialized division of labor, a logistics revolution integrating various logistics functions and elements has begun in some developed countries in the United States and Europe. First of all, the integration of logistics resources within enterprises has formed a logistics system with enterprises as the core, and logistics management has also become an independent department and functional field within enterprises. After that, the integration and integration of logistics resources is no longer limited to the enterprise level, but transferred to the whole industrial chain with mutual connection and division of labor and cooperation, forming a socialized logistics system with supply chain management as the core, and logistics activities are gradually separated from the production, trading and consumption processes and become specialized new economic activities undertaken by independent economic organizations. On this basis, enterprises that provide specialized logistics services for industrial and commercial enterprises and consumers have emerged in the economies of developed countries, that is, "third party logistics" enterprises. The emergence of various specialized logistics enterprises and their rapid development trend show that specialized logistics service, as a new specialized division of labor, has developed into a new industrial sector and an important part of the national economy. ?

(2) What are the basic characteristics of the logistics industry?

Although logistics activities have a long history, in modern economy, the logistics industry and the logistics services it provides are essentially different from traditional logistics activities or those engaged in production and circulation departments. ?

First of all, the logistics industry is an arterial system in the national economy, which connects all parts of the social economy and makes it an organic whole. In the modern economy, due to the deepening of social division of labor and the increasingly complex economic structure, the exchange relationship and interdependence among industries, departments and enterprises are becoming more and more complicated, and the logistics industry is the link and blood vessel to maintain these complex exchange relationships. Therefore, the logistics industry is an indispensable part of economic operation. ?

Secondly, the logistics industry can improve the efficiency of logistics activities and reduce the total cost of social logistics through the optimal combination and rational allocation of various logistics elements. When logistics activities are scattered in different enterprises and departments, it is difficult for various logistics elements to play their due roles, such as idle storage facilities. With the differentiation of logistics activities from production field and circulation field, various logistics elements have gradually become market resources. Specialized logistics enterprises can optimize the overall combination and rational allocation of various logistics elements in the whole society according to the requirements of various logistics activities, so as to maximize the role of various logistics elements and improve the logistics efficiency of the whole society. ?

Third, the logistics industry can provide more comprehensive and diversified logistics services for the whole society, and realize value-added in the whole process of logistics and all its links. When logistics activities are divorced from the production process and transaction process, logistics is no longer a simple cost factor, but a value-added factor that provides services for production, transaction and consumption, which also contains great commercial potential. Specialized logistics enterprises can not only provide tangible services such as goods transportation, distribution and distribution processing, but also provide intangible services such as logistics scheme design and logistics information management, which are beyond the reach of traditional circulation departments such as commercial enterprises, transportation enterprises and warehousing enterprises. Compared with the production process of products, logistics service creates the space value and time value of products and is an important part of product value. Therefore, the logistics industry is an industrial sector that creates value in the national economy, and it is becoming a hot spot of global economic development and a new economic growth point.

Second, the status quo and main characteristics of the development of logistics industry in China

Compared with the logistics industry in developed countries, the logistics industry in China is still in the primary stage of development. The main features of its development are:

(a) enterprise logistics is still the focus of logistics activities in the whole society, and the demand for specialized logistics services has begun to appear?

In recent years, with the formation of buyer's market, enterprises have begun to have a deeper understanding of the "third profit source" in the logistics field. Optimizing internal logistics management and reducing logistics costs have become the strongest desire and requirement of most domestic enterprises. Since 1998, Shandong Economic Commission has promoted the pilot work of modern logistics development by optimizing the internal logistics management of enterprises, which has been widely recognized and participated by many enterprises in Shandong Province and surrounding provinces. This shows that the development level of logistics activities in China is still relatively low, and strengthening the internal logistics management of enterprises is still the focus of logistics activities in the whole society. ?

At the same time, the demand for specialized logistics services came into being, and the development momentum was extremely rapid. One is the huge demand of multinational companies for efficient and specialized logistics services in the process of production and operation activities, sales and distribution activities and procurement activities in China, which is a very important market foundation to promote the development of logistics industry in China. The second is the demand of domestic superior enterprises for specialized logistics services. At present, there are a number of competitive enterprises in China, such as Haier Group, Tsingtao Brewery and Shanghai Baosteel. In the process of market expansion, on the basis of constantly optimizing the internal logistics system, we began to try and use specialized logistics services. Thirdly, in some emerging economic fields, such as private enterprises, express delivery services and e-commerce, there is also a certain scale of logistics service demand. ?

(B) Specialized logistics enterprises began to appear, and diversified logistics services developed to a certain extent?

In recent years, many logistics enterprises in China's economy are mainly composed of three parts. First, international logistics enterprises, such as commodity logistics co., ltd. On the one hand, these international logistics companies provide extended logistics services for their original customers-multinational companies to enter the China market. For example, Denmark is conducive to providing logistics services for maersk shipping companies and their shippers; On the other hand, in view of the emerging and developing demand for specialized logistics services in China market, large international logistics enterprises such as UPS and TNT are entering the express delivery market in China. ?

The second is a logistics enterprise transformed from traditional transportation, storage and transportation and wholesale trade enterprises. They rely on the original logistics business foundation and advantages in customers, facilities and business networks, and gradually transform into modern logistics enterprises by constantly expanding and extending their logistics services. For example, in the cooperation with Motorola (China), according to the development of customer market and the change of logistics demand, Tianjin Air Transport Company, a subsidiary of Sinotrans, constantly standardized, adjusted and innovated the logistics service content of enterprises, improved the service quality, and made the logistics service content develop from simple air transport to full logistics service. The service area expanded from Tianjin market to the whole country, and the service scale grew from the initial few goods to hundreds of tons per month, making it the most important logistics service provider in Motorola (China). ?

Third, emerging specialized logistics enterprises, such as Baogong Logistics Company in Guangzhou and Huayuntong Logistics Company in Beijing. Relying on advanced business philosophy, diversified service means and scientific management mode, these enterprises have won the market position in the competition and become a force to be reckoned with in the development of logistics industry in China. ?

With the rapid development of logistics enterprises, diversified logistics service forms have also developed to some extent. On the one hand, specialized logistics services have developed rapidly around logistics functions and links such as freight forwarding, commercial distribution, multimodal transport, socialized storage and transportation services and distribution processing. Take freight forwarding as an example. At present, there are thousands of freight forwarders in China, and the overall development is relatively standardized. Typical freight forwarders, such as Sinotrans, can provide specialized logistics services including customs declaration, commodity inspection and transportation contract management. On the other hand, it is a systematic logistics service or full-process logistics service that has just started, that is, logistics enterprises provide logistics services from logistics scheme design to full-process logistics organization and implementation for production and circulation enterprises. At present, domestic logistics enterprises have just begun to try in this respect, and they still lack successful operating experience and examples. ?

(3) The development of logistics infrastructure and equipment has begun to take shape?

After years of development, China has made great progress in logistics infrastructure and equipment such as transportation, storage facilities, information and communication, cargo packaging and loading and unloading, which has laid the necessary material foundation for the development of logistics industry. ? In terms of transportation, China has built a comprehensive transportation system consisting of five parts: railway transportation, highway transportation, waterway transportation, air transportation and pipeline transportation, and has made great progress in the construction of transportation lines and stations and the transportation of vehicles and equipment. (See table 1 for the development overview of these five parts). In terms of storage facilities, in addition to freight hubs, stations and other storage facilities in the transportation field, the storage facilities in China's commercial, material, foreign trade, grain, military and other industries are relatively concentrated. Storage facilities have developed rapidly in recent years, and the annual investment scale shows a rapid growth trend. The capital investment scale of storage industry in China is only 420 million yuan in 1990, and 6.58 billion yuan in 1998, which is four times more than 1990.

Table 1 development of various modes of transportation in China since the reform and opening up.

Source: Statistical Abstract of China in 2000 and 1999 Statistical Yearbook of China?

In terms of information communication, at present, China has more than 300,000 kilometers of telecommunication network trunk optical cables, basically forming a large-capacity digital trunk transmission network with optical cables as the main body and digital microwave and satellite communication as the auxiliary means. The total capacity of the four backbone networks, including packet-switched data network (ChinaPAC), digital data network (ChinaDDN), public computer Internet (ChinaNet) and public trunk network, has reached 620,000 ports, covering 90,000 cities above prefecture level. This makes EDI, ERP, MRP, GPS and other technologies around the exchange, management and control of logistics information be applied, which improves the level of logistics information management in China to a certain extent and promotes the improvement of logistics efficiency.

In terms of packaging and loading and unloading facilities, modern packaging technology and mechanized and automated cargo loading and unloading technology have been widely used in China, which has improved the scattered situation of cargo transportation and the manual handling mode of people's backs in China's logistics activities to some extent. At present, there are hundreds of packaging equipment and handling machinery independently developed in China. It is estimated that the annual output value of loading and unloading machinery and equipment manufacturing industry is about 40-50 billion yuan. ?

(D) The development of the logistics industry is attracting great attention from governments at all levels?

At present, the governments of Shenzhen, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shandong and other places attach great importance to the development of local logistics industry and have begun to study and formulate regional logistics development plans and related promotion policies. Among them, Shenzhen has clearly regarded the logistics industry as one of the three pillar industries supporting Shenzhen's economic development in the 2/kloc-0 century, and has initially formulated the development strategy of the logistics industry. Beijing has conducted a comprehensive research and planning on the logistics facilities system needed for the development of the logistics industry; Tianjin is also actively studying and formulating the Outline of Modern Logistics Development in Tianjin according to the needs of urban functional orientation and logistics economic development. ?

The State Economic and Trade Commission, the State Planning Commission, the Ministry of Communications, the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation and other relevant central departments also pay attention to the development of China's logistics industry from different angles and actively study relevant policies to promote the development of the logistics industry.

3. What are the main problems and constraints in the development of logistics industry in China?

Generally speaking, the overall scale of China's logistics industry is still small and its development level is low, which is determined by the level and stage of China's economic development. On the other hand, more importantly, there are many factors that affect and restrict the healthy development of the logistics industry in our economy.

(A) the development of the logistics industry is still facing greater market demand constraints?

Influenced by the traditional planned economy system, many enterprises in China still retain the business organization mode of "big and complete" and "small and complete", and a series of logistics activities from raw material procurement to product sales mainly rely on the self-service of internal organizations. According to the survey, in industrial enterprises, 36% and 46% of raw material logistics are undertaken by enterprises themselves and supplier enterprises respectively, while only 18% is undertaken by third-party logistics enterprises. In product sales logistics, the proportions of self-care, self-care and third-party logistics enterprises are 24. 1% and 59.8% respectively, while the third-party logistics enterprises only account for16.1%; In commercial enterprises, the logistics activities undertaken by enterprises and suppliers are 76.5% and 17.6% respectively (Analysis of Supply and Demand in China Logistics Market by China Storage Association, Proceedings of China Logistics Seminar in 2000, P 14). At the same time, the retention rate of various logistics facilities in most enterprises is high (see Table 2), which has become an important part of the operating assets of enterprises. This self-service logistics activity model greatly restricts and delays the emergence and development of industrial and commercial enterprises' demand for efficient, specialized and socialized logistics services, and is also an important bottleneck restricting the rapid development of China's logistics industry.

Table 2 Maintenance of Logistics Facilities in Production Enterprises and Commercial Enterprises

In the process of optimizing internal logistics management and improving logistics efficiency, industrial and commercial enterprises also have the trend of gradual socialization of internal logistics activities and their potential demand for socialized logistics. However, due to the imperfect market development and modern enterprise system reform, on the one hand, the transportation and storage facilities, all kinds of logistics equipment, all kinds of logistics employees and other resources within the enterprise can not achieve reasonable exchange and flow in the whole society; On the other hand, enterprises lack the internal motivation and means to improve logistics efficiency and reduce costs, and cannot effectively divest their inefficient logistics facilities, personnel and organizations. This makes enterprises have to continue to use the previous logistics methods, and the socialized and specialized logistics needs are still difficult to become a reality.

(2) Specialized logistics services are still limited, and the management level of logistics enterprises needs to be improved?

Although there are some specialized logistics enterprises in China, the level and efficiency of logistics services are still low, mainly as follows: First, the service methods and means are primitive and single. At present, most enterprises engaged in logistics services can only provide transportation (distribution) and warehousing services, while logistics value-added services such as distribution and processing, logistics information services, inventory management and logistics cost control, especially higher-level logistics services such as logistics scheme design and whole-process logistics services, have not been fully launched. ?

Second, logistics enterprises are small in scale and lack the necessary competitive strength. At present, enterprises engaged in logistics services, including traditional transportation, storage and transportation and other circulation enterprises and new specialized logistics enterprises, are still relatively small in scale and strength, and networked business organizations have not yet formed. For example, there are 2.74 million business households engaged in road freight transportation in China, and each business household has only 1.43 vehicles on average; Only a few enterprises such as COSCO and Sinotrans operate more than 100 vehicles.

Third, the management level of logistics enterprises is low, and the quality of logistics services needs to be further improved. Most enterprises engaged in logistics services lack the necessary service norms and internal management rules, and their management is extensive, so it is difficult to provide standardized logistics services and the service quality is low.

(C) Low-level logistics infrastructure and equipment conditions seriously affect the improvement of logistics efficiency?

Although China's logistics infrastructure and equipment conditions have been greatly developed and improved, compared with the development requirements of China's economy and logistics industry, there is still a big gap compared with developed countries, which has affected the improvement of China's logistics efficiency to a considerable extent and is not conducive to the rapid and healthy development of the logistics industry. The main performance is:?

First of all, the overall scale of China's transportation infrastructure is still very small. According to the land area and population, the traffic network density in China is only 1, 3,448.48 km/10,000 square kilometers and 1.43km/ 10,000 people, in the United States it is 6,869.3 and 253.59, in Germany it is 1, 4,680.4 and 65.94, and in India it is 55.94. Brazil's ratio is 1885.8 and 1 18.4, which not only lags far behind economically developed countries such as Europe and America, but also lags far behind developing countries such as India and Brazil (Deng: Analysis of the present situation of China's transportation development-a study on sustainable development and China's transportation development, the fourth report in the series, the investigation report of the State Council Development Research Center,?

Second, modern logistics distribution, storage and transportation facilities are few and the development level is low. For a long time, China has lagged behind in the construction of logistics distribution facilities such as transportation hubs, public storage and transportation facilities and various modern logistics centers, and it is difficult for various industrial and commercial enterprises to form the focus of enterprise investment and development. At present, although the highway main hub planning of the Ministry of Communications has been formed, only the first-class main hubs in Shanghai and Shenzhen have been put into construction. The air cargo base is still under planning. In China's economic system, there are still few large-scale comprehensive freight hubs that can effectively connect various logistics bases and logistics centers with different modes of transportation and serve the regional economy or cities, which seriously affects the distribution of logistics and even the improvement of transportation efficiency. ?

Third, the technical level of various logistics facilities and equipment is low, and the logistics operation efficiency is not high. Taking freight facilities and equipment as an example, the heavy-load, high-speed and automatic management of railway freight is still in its infancy; There are few expressway and high-grade highways, and the car-only highways only account for 1% of the total highway mileage, while the highways outside the highways are still as high as 20% or more. The proportion of all kinds of special transport vehicles in road freight is only 3% of all freight vehicles; The equipment level of coastal ports is uneven. In recent years, the container terminals in Beilun Port, Yantian Port, Qinhuangdao Port and Dalian, Tianjin, Qingdao, Shanghai and other ports have a high degree of modernization, which is equivalent to the level of developed countries in the 1980s. The equipment level of most other ports or port areas is only equivalent to that of developed countries in the 1960s and 1970s, and the mode of bulk cargo transportation rarely adopted by developed countries is still prevalent in our ports. The civil aviation freight industry is still underdeveloped. There are only 14 air cargo planes in China, and passenger planes are still the main air freight mode. ?

Fourth, the structure of facilities is not reasonable, and the efficiency of existing logistics facilities can not be fully exerted. For example, in terms of transportation facilities, first, the regional layout of transportation facilities is uneven, and the transportation in the eastern region is relatively developed, while the transportation facilities in the central and western regions, especially in the western region, are relatively backward; Secondly, there is no reasonable division of labor among various modes of transportation, the market scope is seriously crossed, and blind competition among similar goods makes it impossible for various modes of transportation to give full play to their respective advantages. ?

Fifth, the standardization of logistics facilities and equipment is low. Standardization of logistics facilities and equipment is a key issue in the development of logistics industry. The degree of standardization is not only related to the effective connection and coordinated development of various logistics functions and elements, but also affects the improvement of logistics efficiency of the whole society to a great extent. The low standardization of logistics facilities and equipment in China is mainly manifested in the inconsistency of equipment standards among various modes of transportation. For example, the difference of container standards between sea transport and railway has affected the development of sea-rail combined transport in China to some extent. The proportion of container transport in China's sea-rail combined transport is low in the total container transport and railway transport, which has a certain impact on the expansion of China's international shipping business, the improvement of port operation efficiency and the development of import and export trade. Second, the logistics equipment standards do not match. For example, the existing pallet standards are not effectively connected with various transportation equipment and loading and unloading equipment standards, which reduces the universality of pallets in the whole logistics process and delays the improvement of mechanization and automation of cargo transportation, storage and handling to a certain extent. Third, there is a lack of effective connection between logistics packaging standards and logistics facilities standards. Although there are preliminary national and industrial standards for commodity packaging in China, there is still a lack of logistics unit packaging standards that are connected with various means of transport, loading and unloading facilities and storage facilities, which has a great impact on the loading rate of various means of transport, loading and unloading equipment and the space utilization rate of storage facilities. ?

Sixth, the application level of information technology is low. Take the lagging information system construction as an example. First, the logistics information management and technical means within industrial and commercial enterprises are still relatively backward, such as barcode technology, global positioning system (GPS), material purchasing management (MRP) and enterprise resource management (ERP), and other logistics management software, and their application level in the logistics field is relatively low; Secondly, there is a lack of necessary public logistics information exchange platform, and the logistics information system based on EDI and Internet has not been widely used in China.

(D) The development of the logistics industry faces greater institutional constraints?

The development of the logistics industry should not only have sufficient market demand base, active market participants and perfect logistics facilities, but more importantly, it should have an institutional environment that adapts to the development of the logistics industry, so as to ensure that the market mechanism can give full play to all kinds of logistics activities in a standardized and orderly manner and promote the healthy and orderly development of the logistics industry. ?

1. The influence and restriction of separate operation mode on the development of logistics industry. For example, in the transportation management system, China implements a departmental management system divided by different modes of transportation; At the same time, there are corresponding management departments and levels from the central government to the local government. This fragmented management system, on the one hand, makes the powers and responsibilities overlap between departments and regions, making it difficult to cooperate and coordinate effectively; On the other hand, all departments and regions manage their own affairs, separate the logistics process of the whole society and implement a segmented management model. This fragmented system can neither meet the requirements of the development of logistics industry, but also affect and restrict the development of logistics industry to a certain extent. ?

First of all, it affects the coordinated development of various logistics service modes. For example, due to the multi-head management and mutual division of various modes of transportation, various modes of transportation have been fragmented for a long time, and there is a big gap between different modes of transportation in terms of transportation organization, service standards and technical equipment standards, which makes it difficult for logistics enterprises to choose a reasonable mode of transportation service according to market demand. Many enterprises can only use a single mode of transportation to carry out logistics services, while many modern logistics services based on multimodal transport are still difficult to carry out. ?

Secondly, it wastes logistics resources. Under the mode of compartmentalization and multi-head management, the planning and construction of various infrastructures lack the necessary coordination. First, it leads to a lot of redundant construction and excessive competition, such as the parallel development of highway backbone network and railway network, and the construction of ports and airports in various places. Second, there is a lack of investment in the construction of hub facilities and related service facilities involving various modes of transportation, between national transportation systems and local transportation systems, and between transportation systems in different regions, and the development of various comprehensive freight hubs, logistics bases and logistics centers that have an important impact on the development of the logistics industry is very slow. This development of "emphasizing lines over nodes" not only caused great waste of resources, but also affected the coordinated development of the whole logistics system. Third, there are departments, industries and local protection phenomena. Management departments and local governments formulate policies and regulations based on the interests of their own departments, industries and local governments, which leads many enterprises engaged in logistics services to seek the protection of departments or local governments and carry out logistics service activities under the protection, forming an abnormal and unfair competition pattern, which is not conducive to the formation of socialized logistics system and cross-regional and cross-industry logistics network. ?

2. The separation of government from enterprise still exists, which is not conducive to the standardized and orderly development of the logistics industry. The phenomenon that government departments directly or indirectly participate in business activities still exists. In addition to the integration of government and enterprise in the railway system, there are also different degrees of separation of government and enterprise in other industries, such as the integration of port administration and terminal management, which affects the fair exercise of government functions by the government and the improvement of enterprise market competitiveness, which is not conducive to the construction and development of ports. ?

3. Lack of clear and effective policies and measures. Under the system of multi-head management and segmented management, due to the interests of departments and localities, although there are many existing policies and regulations, they are contradictory and difficult to coordinate. In terms of price policy, taking the price and charging policy of multimodal transport as an example, container transportation adopts the price policy of new route, new price, high quality and good price, while bulk transportation also adopts the national price model, so the container transportation price is sometimes significantly higher than the bulk freight rate. For example, the freight rate of 20-foot container railway is about 70% higher than that of railway car transportation, which is very unfavorable to the development of container transportation, an advanced mode of transportation, and directly affects the development of various logistics services based on multimodal transport. There are also factors that are not conducive to the development of logistics enterprises in tax policy. For example, the business tax of transportation enterprises engaged in transportation services is 3%, while the business tax of logistics enterprises, warehousing enterprises and wholesale enterprises engaged in logistics services and operational transportation services is 5%. In terms of investment policy, the government has invested heavily in infrastructure and other hardware, but the investment and funds in logistics education, technological innovation, research and development, marketing and other aspects are obviously insufficient. ?

(5) The relative backwardness of logistics research and the shortage of logistics professionals are huge obstacles to the development of logistics industry?

Comparatively speaking, China is still very backward in logistics research and education. There are few universities and professional research institutions engaged in logistics research, and even less research and investment at the enterprise level. The low level of logistics education is mainly manifested in the lack of standardized ways to train logistics talents. Only about 10 colleges and universities offer logistics courses, accounting for only 1% of all colleges and universities in China. Although undergraduate education related to logistics has been carried out, it has not been recognized by the national education authorities, and graduate education has just begun; Logistics vocational education is even worse, and short-term training for enterprises is still the main way of logistics training at present.

Four, China logistics service socialization healthy development countermeasures.

First, the development status of modern logistics socialization service in China?

(A) the world's modern logistics socialization service model and development stage?

There are four modes for contemporary enterprises to use logistics services:?

1. Customer self-service mode (first-party logistics service). This is a mode in which the buyer uses his own logistics facilities to provide logistics services for himself. It is a "self-sufficient" logistics service mode with low socialization, specialization and economic efficiency. ?

2. The way suppliers provide logistics services (second party logistics services). This is a mode in which suppliers use their logistics facilities to provide logistics services to customers. Because suppliers can provide logistics services for multiple customer enterprises, this logistics service model is more socialized than the first-party logistics service and has relatively high economic efficiency, but its service target is still limited to its own customer enterprises. ?

3. The mode of third-party logistics service. This is a mode that third-party logistics service enterprises other than buyers and sellers provide modern logistics socialization services for buyers and sellers by using their own logistics service facilities and equipment. In this mode, the third-party logistics service enterprises need to start from the interests and requirements of the owner's enterprise (seller or seller's enterprise) and engage in logistics operations and certain logistics management instead of the owner. This model is an efficient and effective modern logistics socialized service model. ?

4. The fourth party logistics service mode. This is a kind of generalized modern logistics integrated management service provided by the fourth-party (neither buyer nor seller nor third party) logistics service enterprises for buyers and sellers or third-party logistics service enterprises, including logistics system design and enterprise logistics integrated management arrangement for buyers and sellers, as well as logistics service integration, transportation and warehousing optimization management, distribution and customer service management, information network management and other services for third-party logistics service enterprises and their subcontractors and similar logistics enterprises. ?

For a country's economic system, the development of logistics socialization service will generally go through the following stages:

1. Traditional logistics service stage?

This is a socialized logistics service form and stage formed and developed due to the early social division of labor. At this stage, the socialization of logistics service exists in the form of separate development according to different professional services, and it is an initial supply form of logistics socialization service. ?

2. Socialization stage of modern logistics?

This is a form and stage of integrated logistics socialization service based on the refinement of social division of labor in the traditional logistics service stage and through industrial integration. At this stage, most logistics operations of a customer (production or circulation) enterprise can be provided by third-party logistics service providers. ?

3. The whole society comprehensive logistics service stage?

This is the highest stage of modern logistics socialization in the future. At this time, the third-party logistics service providers and new professional logistics service integrators (fourth-party logistics service providers) who provide comprehensive logistics services for their independent customer enterprises strive to achieve the lowest logistics cost and the best effect in the whole society by comprehensively integrating the logistics services of customer enterprises and the whole society, thus forming the integrated logistics service forms and stages of the whole society.

(B) the development status of China's modern logistics socialization services

1. China is in the initial stage of transformation from traditional logistics service to modern logistics socialization. According to the questionnaire survey and on-site investigation and analysis, a large number of traditional logistics services and "quasi-logistics" service enterprises still exist, but the number is decreasing, and the third-party logistics enterprises are increasing. Some traditional large-scale storage and transportation enterprises have given up.