Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional culture - Comparison of the characteristics of the Classic of Poetry, Tang Poetry and Song Lyrics
Comparison of the characteristics of the Classic of Poetry, Tang Poetry and Song Lyrics
The six meanings of the Book of Poetry
The six meanings of the Book of Poetry refer to Feng, Ya, and Ode, which are about the content, and Fugue, Bi, and Xing, which are about the techniques, which are the six meanings of the Book of Poetry. The six meanings".
The division of Wind, Elegance and Ode is based on the differences in music. The "Winds" consists of 15 parts, most of which are folk songs from the Yellow River Valley, called "Fifteen National Winds" ****160 pieces.
The "Ya" is divided into the "Xiao Ya" (31 pieces) and the "Daya" (74 pieces), which are court music songs, ****105 pieces.
The Songs, including the Zhou Songs (31), Lu Songs (4), and Shang Songs (5), are musical and dance songs used for rituals in the imperial temples, ****40 pieces.
The meaning of "wind" is tone. It is relative to the "Wanggi" - the area under the direct rule of the Zhou dynasty. It is the music with local color which the ancients called "Qin Feng", "Wei Feng", "Zheng Feng", just as now we say Shaanxi tune, Shanxi tune, Henan tune.
Guo Feng - Zhou Nan, Guo Feng - Zhaonan, Guo Feng - Guo Feng, Guo Feng - Yong Feng, Guo Feng - Wei Feng, Guo Feng - Wang Feng, Guo Feng - Zheng Feng
Guo Feng - Wei Feng, Guo Feng - Tang Feng, Guo Feng - Qi Feng, Guo Feng - Qin Feng, Guo Feng - Chen Feng, Guo Feng - Hin Feng, Guo Feng - Cao Feng, Guo Feng - Bin Feng
The "elegance" is
"Ya" is the music of "Wang Ji", a region called "Xia" by the Zhou people, and "Ya" and "Xia" were commonly used in ancient times. Ya" and "Xia" were commonly used in ancient times. Ya also means "correct", and at that time, the music of Wang Ji was regarded as the correct sound, which was the standard music. The Zhou Dynasty people called the sound of the elegant music, as if the Qing Dynasty people called the Kun Cavity Ya Department, with a kind of reverence for the meaning. Zhu Xi, "Poetry Collection" said: "Ya, positive, positive music of the song also. The size of the chapter has a difference, and the first Confucian said there is a positive change of difference. To today's examination, is a small elegant, swallowed the music of the ceremony also; is a large elegant, the music of the meeting, by cheng cheng precepts of the speech also. ...... The different styles of speech and the different syllables are also different. The difference between the small and large elegance is in its content.
The "Ode" is music dedicated to the rituals of the temple. The preface to the Mao poem says: "Ode is the description of the beauty of virtue, and it is the one who tells the gods of its success." This is the meaning and use of ode. Wang Guowei said, "The sound of ode is slower than that of wind and elegance." ("Saying the Ode of Zhou") This is the characteristic of its music.
"Fugue" according to Zhu Xi's "Poetry Collection Biography", "Fugue, also, laying out the facts of the matter, but also those who speak directly". That is to say, Fu is a direct narrative. It is the most basic technique of expression. For example, "The life and death of a man, with his son to say. To hold on to one's son's hand and carry one's son with one's old age", that is, to express one's feelings directly.
"Than", with Zhu Xi's explanation, is "to compare this thing with the other thing", that is, the meaning of the metaphor. There are many places in the Book of Songs where similes are used, and the techniques are rich in variation. For example, "Hooligan" uses the change of the mulberry tree from luxuriant to withering to compare the flourishing and declining of love; "Crane" uses "the stone of other mountains can attack jade" to compare the use of sage in ruling the country; "Shuo Ren" uses "catkins" as a metaphor for the hands of beauty, and "congealed fat" as a metaphor for the hands of beauty.
"Fugue" and "than" are the most basic means of expression in all poetry, while "Xing" is a more unique technique in the "Book of Songs" and even in Chinese poetry. The original meaning of the word "Xing" is "rise", so it is also known as "Xingxing". In Zhu Xi's interpretation of "Xing" in the Classic of Poetry, it means "to speak of something else first in order to arouse the words being chanted", that is to say, to use other things to pave the way for the content of what is being chanted. It is often used at the beginning of a poem or a chapter. Sometimes when a line in a poem seems to be more than Xing, it can be used at the beginning of the poem or the beginning of a paragraph to determine whether it is Xing or not. For example, "The mulberry has not yet fallen, and its leaves are fertile" in Wei Feng - Rascal is Xing.... About the most primitive "Xing", just a kind of beginning, with no meaningful relationship with the following, showing that the thoughts are drifting and associating for no reason. Like Qin Feng's Morning Breeze, it is difficult to find any meaningful connection between the beginning of the poem, "Falce his Morning Breeze, and the North Woods," and the following, "I have not yet seen the gentleman, and I am worried about him. Although it is possible that this example is incomprehensible because of the time gap, this situation must exist. Even in modern songs, you can still find this kind of "xing".
Furthermore, "xing" has been used metaphorically, symbolically, and in a more tangible way. But just because "Xing" was originally a thoughtless drift and association, so even with a more tangible meaning, it is not so fixed and rigid, but virtual and subtle. Such as "Guan Ju" at the beginning of the "Guan Ju turtledove, in the river of the continent", the original poet by the scene in front of him to raise the following "My Fair Lady, gentleman's good marquee", but Guan Ju and the song, you can also be a metaphor for male and female courtship, or between men and women's harmony and love, but it is just that it is not a metaphor so The only thing is that the metaphor is not so clear and certain. Another example is the poem "Peach", the beginning of the "Peach", "burning its splendor", wrote the spring peach blossom when the beautiful atmosphere, can be said to be realistic pen, but can also be understood as a metaphor for the bride's beauty, and can be said that this is to set off the warm atmosphere of the wedding. Because of the "Xing" is such a subtle, free to use the technique, future generations of poets who like the poetry of the subtle euphemistic rhyme, this is also particularly interested in their own skill, new and different, constituting a special flavor of classical Chinese poetry
Yuanqu is the Chinese nation's splendid cultural treasure trove of a wonderful flower, it is in the ideological, cultural and cultural heritage. Yuanqu is one of the most important pieces in the splendid cultural treasury of the Chinese nation, which embodies unique characteristics in terms of ideological content and artistic achievement, and has become one of the three important milestones in the history of Chinese literature, along with Tang and Song poems.
Yuanqu originally came from the so-called "Fanqu" and "Hule", and was first circulated among the people, and was called "market ditty" or "village ditty". The first to circulate in the folk world was called the "marketplace ditty" or the "village ditty".
With the destruction of the Song Dynasty by the Yuan Dynasty, it was spread in the north and south of the vast area centered on Metropolis (now Beijing) and Lin'an (now Hangzhou).
The Yuan opera has a strict metrical pattern, and there are fixed format requirements for the sentence style, number of words, and level and oblique tone of each song. But although there is a fixed frame, and not rigid, allowing in the fixed frame with lining words, part of the song can also increase the sentence, rhyming allows the level of the oblique, compared with the poetic stanzas and Song lyrics, there is a greater degree of flexibility. So the reader can find, the same "song" of two sometimes different word count, this is the reason (the same song, the least number of words for a standard frame).
The Yuan dynasty compositions combined traditional poems, folk songs and dialects into one, forming a witty, spontaneous and honest artistic style, which had an extremely important influence on the innovation and development of the lyric style.
Following the Tang poetry and Song lyrics, Yuanqu has its unique charm: on the one hand, Yuanqu inherited the poetry's clear and gentle; on the other hand, Yuan society puts the readers in the position of "eight prostitutes, nine Confucianists and ten beggars", and the political dictatorship and darkness in the society make Yuanqu radiate an extremely eye-catching light of fighting, and it shows a rebellious mood; the sharpness of the song is very important to the innovation and development of the lyrics. Through the mood of resistance; the sharp edge of the social ills, directly rebuke "do not read the highest, do not know how to read the best, do not know things but someone boasts of pretty" society, pointing directly to the "people are all too embarrassed, who do not see the money pro" of the world trend. The works depicting love in Yuanqu are also spicier and bolder than the poems of the past generations. All these are enough to make the Yuan dynasty opera retain its artistic charm forever.
Yuanqu has miscellaneous dramas, loose songs. The Yuanqu has the difference of miscellaneous operas and loose compositions. The loose compositions also have the difference of sets, small orders, and band over compositions.
China's ancient music to regulate the instrumental style is called to protect the palace tone. Song of the palace tone out of the Sui and Tang dynasty Yan music, the pipa four strings as the palace, Shang, horn, feather four sounds, each string constitutes a seven-tone, the palace sound of the seven tones called "Palace", the other are called tone, *** got twenty-eight palace tone. But in the Yuanqu, only commonly used, only Xianlv Gong, Nanlv Gong, Huangzhong Gong, Gong, Dashi Tune, Xiao Shi Tune, Bon Shibi Tune, Shang Tune, Shang Jiao Tune, Double Tune, Yue Tune twelve kinds. Each kind of palace has its own rhythmic style, so for the choice of tunes, there are often certain habits. For example, Wang Gide said in the "Songs and Laws": "The use of the palace tunes must be called the sadness, joy and bitterness of the matter, such as touring and enjoyment with Xianlü, Shuangtong, etc.; sadness, there are Shangtong, Yuehtong and other categories. To harmonize with the tone, it is easy to touch people."
Each of the palace tunes has a different tune. The set consists of more than two different tunes of Monday's palace tunes.
Wang Guowei, a famous modern scholar, put Yuanqu alongside "Chu's Sao, Han's Fugue, Six Dynasties' parallelism, Tang's Poetry, and Song's Lyrics" and called it "the literature of a generation".
The Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD) was the heyday of the development of classical poetry in China. Tang poetry is one of the outstanding literary heritages of China, and also a splendid pearl in the treasure house of literature all over the world. Though more than a thousand years have passed since then, many of the poems are still popular among us.
The Tang Dynasty had many poets. Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi are world-famous poets, but there were countless others, like stars in the sky. Of these poets, more than 2,300 are well-known today. More than 48,900 of their works are preserved in the All-Tang Poems. The themes of Tang poems are very wide. Some of them reflected the class conditions and class conflicts of the society from the side, exposing the darkness of the feudal society; some of them glorified the just war and expressed patriotic thoughts; some of them depicted the beauty of the motherland and mountains; in addition, there were also those that expressed personal ambitions and encounters, those that expressed the love of children, and those that talked about the friendships, sorrows and joys of life, etc. In a word, they covered a wide range of subjects from natural phenomena, political dynamics and the development of the country. In short, from natural phenomena, political dynamics, labor life, social customs, until the personal feelings, can not escape the poet's keen eye, become their writing is the subject matter. In terms of creative method, there are both realism and romanticism, and many great works are examples of the combination of these two creative methods, forming an excellent tradition of classical poetry in China.
The forms of Tang poetry are varied. The ancient poems of the Tang Dynasty were basically of two kinds, pentameter and heptameter. There were also two kinds of proximal poems, one called the stanza and the other called the metered verse. There were also two kinds of proximate poems, one was called a stanza and the other was a metrical poem. Therefore, there are basically six basic forms of Tang poems: five-character ancient style poems, seven-character ancient style poems, five-character stanzas, seven-character stanzas, five-character stanzas, and seven-character stanzas. The requirements for rhyme and meter are relatively broad: the number of stanzas in a poem can be large or small, the length of the chapter can be short or long, and the rhyme scheme can be changed. The requirements for rhyme and meter are more strict: the number of lines in a poem is limited, i.e., four lines in a stanza, eight lines in a stanza, and the level and oblique sounds of the words used in each line of the poem have a certain pattern, and the rhyme scheme cannot be changed; stanzas also require the middle four lines to be a counterpoint. The style of ancient poetry is handed down from previous generations, so it is also called ancient style. Close style poems have a strict meter, so some people also call it metrical poetry.
The form and style of Tang poetry is colorful and innovative. It not only inherited the tradition of the Han and Wei folk songs and music, but also greatly developed the style of songs and lines; it not only inherited the ancient poems of the previous generation of five or seven words, but also developed into a long and dramatic narrative; it not only expanded the use of the five-word and seven-word forms, but also created a particularly beautiful and neat style of proximal poetry. The creation and maturity of the near-poetry was a major event in the history of poetry development in the Tang Dynasty. It pushed the artistic features of syllabic harmony and refinement of words of ancient Chinese poetry to an unprecedented height, and found a most typical form for ancient lyric poetry, which is still especially popular among the people. However, because of its strict metrical limitations, the metrical poems in the proximal poems tend to make the contents of the poems bound and cannot be freely created and played, which is a great defect brought about by its strengths.
Song lyrics is another literary genre after Tang poetry, which is basically divided into two main categories: the euphemistic school and the heroic school.
The representative characters of the euphemistic school: Li Yu, the lord of the Southern Tang Dynasty, and Song lyricists: Li Qingzhao, Liu Yong, Qin Guan, and so on.
Representatives of the bold and liberal school: Xin Qiji, Su Shi, Yue Fei, Chen Liang, and so on.
Song lyrics is a glorious diamond in the crown of ancient Chinese literature, in the ancient literature of Langyuan, she is a fragrant and gorgeous garden. She is a beautiful, colorful and colorful God, and the Tang poetry competition, and the Yuan song fight Yan, traditionally and the Tang poetry and known as the double best, are on behalf of a generation of literary triumphs. Far from the "Classic of Poetry", "Chushu" and "Han, Wei and Six Dynasties Poetry" to draw nourishment, but also for the later Ming and Qing dynasty drama novels to transport the organic ingredients. Until today, she is still cultivating people's sentiment and bringing us high artistic enjoyment.
The word of the early days of the most colorful and flashy, popular in the city between restaurants, is a popular art form, the Five Dynasties period of the "flower collection" is very obvious to show the word of the beautiful and gorgeous literary talent, but this period of the word is still limited to the description of the love of the women's love of flowers and willows, pheng songs and banquets and other aspects of the word, it can be said that it still seems to be very "petty". Although the artistic achievement has reached a considerable level, but the level of ideological connotation is not enough. At the beginning of the Song Dynasty, words followed the same style, pursuing gorgeous words and depicting delicate emotions. For example, Liu Yong, who offended Emperor Renzong by writing "I can't bear to exchange my fame for a shallow song", was so depressed and frustrated that he spent his whole life hanging out in opera houses and greenhouses, writing lyrics for courtesans. As the saying goes, "Wherever there is well water to drink, one can sing Liu's lyrics". At that time, lyrics were considered a vulgar folk art, so harmless that Yanshu in the Song Dynasty, after becoming the prime minister, did not recognize the lyrics he had made before as his own. The Song Dynasty had a large number of courtesans, and their high level of performance was rare in other dynasties, and they, together with the Song Dynasty's talented writers, ****ed together to promote the widespread circulation of the word, a new art form in the folk world.
But as the word took an increasingly important place in the literature of the Song dynasty, the connotation of the word was also being enriched and improved. "People don't sleep, generals with white hair and conscripts with tears." It established the position of border words in Song lyrics, and made the world, which only heard of songs and banquets, courtiers, city flavors, and fat and powdered lovesickness and so on, refresh their ears. To Su words first opened the style of bold and unrestrained words, Song words have not only limited to the literati scholarly entertainment and expression of love for children's playthings, but also sent the scholarly men of the time on the times, life and even on the socio-political and other aspects of the feelings and thinking. Song lyrics completely jumped out of the nest of song and dance, sublimated into a cultural form representing the spirit of the times.
Lyrics can also be divided into small orders (58 words or less), middle tunes (59~90), and long tunes (more than 90).
Words, a kind of poetry. Because it is the lyrics of the music, it is also known as the lyrics of the song, music, music, long and short sentences, poetry, qin fun and so on. Beginning in the Sui Dynasty, finalized in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, and flourished in the Song Dynasty. At the time of the Sui and Tang dynasties, the music of various ethnic groups imported from the western region and the old music of the Central Plains gradually merged, and produced Yan music, mainly Hu music. The original neat five- or seven-character poems were no longer suitable, so the word was produced with different words and phrases and in a more lively form.
Words first originated from the folk, and later, the literati wrote new words according to the rhythmic beat of music, called "fill in the words" or "according to the sound". From then on, the words and the music were separated, forming a kind of metrical poetry with uneven sentence lengths. The five or seven lines of the poem are evenly matched, showing the beauty of neatness; while the words are mainly long and short sentences, showing the beauty of disparity.
The word has a word brand, that is, a tune. Some words and tunes have different "bodies" depending on the number of words or sentence style. There are about 100 commonly used word tags. The structure of the word is divided into pieces or sections, not divided into pieces for the monotone, divided into two pieces for the two-tone, divided into three pieces of the so-called three stacks. According to the music, there are order, introduction, close and slow. "Generally short, the early literati words are often filled with small orders. For example, "Sixteen Characters Order", "Dream Order", and "Pounding Lianzi Order". Citation" and "near" are generally longer, such as "Plum Citation", "Yang Guan Citation", "Zhu Yingtai near", "near the heart". The "slow" is longer than the "citation" and "near", and it was popular after the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty. The name "Slow Lyrics" is used to describe the first slow lyrics written by Liu Yong. It is a series of slow lyrics, such as "Slow Magnolia Flower" and "Slow Rain Forest Bell". According to the number of words, there are "small order", "middle tune" and "long tune". According to the Qing Dynasty's Mao Xianshu's "Explanation of Lyrics", 58 words or less is a small order, 59-90 words is a middle key, and 90 words or more is a long key. The longest word is "The Preface of Ying Crow", which is 240 words long.
References:
Poetry scriptures are recited, Tang poetry is said, Song lyrics are read, Yuanqu is sung.
Responders: Pirate Weiwei | Grade 4 | 2010-11-10 21:22
The Poetry Classic is the first collection of poetry in China, ****income from the beginning of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn period of about five hundred years of poetry, three hundred and five (the "Xiaoya" in the six "pheng poems," with the eye without words, not counted), so it is also known as the Poetry Classic. (There are also six "psalms" in the "Xiao Ya", which are not counted because they have eyes but no words. "The ancient Poetry of more than three hundred pieces, and in Confucius, to remove its heavy ......" (Shi Ji - Confucius Family), is rumored to have been compiled by Confucius. Initially called "Poetry", it was regarded as a classic by the Confucians in the Han Dynasty, and was then called "The Book of Poetry", also known as "Poetry Three Hundred". He initiated the excellent tradition of realism in China's ancient poetic creation. The contents of the Book of Poetry, in terms of its original nature, are the lyrics of songs. The Mozi Gongmeng said, "There are three hundred odes, three hundred strings, three hundred songs, and three hundred dances," meaning that the three hundred or so poems of the Book of Poetry could be recited, played on musical instruments, sung, and danced to. The Historical Records - Confucius Family also says: "Three hundred and five poems, Confucius all strings and songs, in order to harmonize the sound of shao, wu, ya, ode." These statements may or may not be explored, but the "Book of Songs" in ancient times and music and dance close relationship, is undoubtedly. The Book of Songs is not only the earliest collection of poetry, but also an encyclopedia reflecting the society of the time. It is the source and masterpiece of China's "realist" poetic tradition.
The six meanings of the Book of Poetry
The six meanings of the Book of Poetry refer to Feng, Ya, and Ode, which are about the content, and Fugue, Bi, and Xing, which are about the techniques, which are the six meanings of the Book of Poetry. The six meanings".
The division of Wind, Elegance and Ode is based on the differences in music. The "Winds" consists of 15 parts, most of which are folk songs from the Yellow River Valley, called "Fifteen National Winds" ****160 pieces.
The "Ya" is divided into the "Xiao Ya" (31 pieces) and the "Daya" (74 pieces), which are court music songs, ****105 pieces.
The Songs, including the Zhou Songs (31), Lu Songs (4), and Shang Songs (5), are musical and dance songs used for rituals in the imperial temples, ****40 pieces.
The meaning of "wind" is tone. It is relative to the "Wanggi" - the area under the direct rule of the Zhou dynasty. It is the music with local color which the ancients called "Qin Feng", "Wei Feng", "Zheng Feng", just as now we say Shaanxi tune, Shanxi tune, Henan tune.
Guo Feng - Zhou Nan, Guo Feng - Zhaonan, Guo Feng - Guo Feng, Guo Feng - Yong Feng, Guo Feng - Wei Feng, Guo Feng - Wang Feng, Guo Feng - Zheng Feng
Guo Feng - Wei Feng, Guo Feng - Tang Feng, Guo Feng - Qi Feng, Guo Feng - Qin Feng, Guo Feng - Chen Feng, Guo Feng - Hin Feng, Guo Feng - Cao Feng, Guo Feng - Bin Feng
The "elegance" is
"Ya" is the music of "Wang Ji", a region called "Xia" by the Zhou people, and "Ya" and "Xia" were commonly used in ancient times. Ya" and "Xia" were commonly used in ancient times. Ya also means "correct", and at that time, the music of Wang Ji was regarded as the correct sound, which was the standard music. The Zhou Dynasty people called the sound of the right music, as if the Qing Dynasty people called the Kun Cavity Ya Department, with a sense of reverence. Zhu Xi, "Poetry Collection" said: "Ya, positive, positive music of the song also. The size of the chapter has a difference, and the first Confucian said there is a positive change of difference. To today's examination, is a small elegant, swallowed the music of the ceremony also; is a large elegant, the music of the meeting, by cheng cheng precepts of the speech also. ...... The different speech and the different syllables are also different. The difference between the small and large elegance is in its content.
The "Ode" is music dedicated to the rituals of the temple. The preface to the Mao poem says: "Ode is a description of the beauty and virtue of a person who tells the gods about his success." This is the meaning and use of ode. Wang Guowei said, "The sound of ode is slower than that of wind and elegance." ("Saying the Ode of Zhou") This is the characteristic of its music.
"Fugue" according to Zhu Xi's "Poetry Collection Biography", "Fugue, also, laying out the facts of the matter, but also those who speak directly". That is to say, Fu is a direct narrative. It is the most basic technique of expression. For example, "The life and death of a man, with his son to say. To hold on to one's son's hand and carry one's son with one's old age", that is, to express one's feelings directly.
"Than", with Zhu Xi's explanation, is "to compare this thing with the other thing", that is, the meaning of the metaphor. There are many places in the Book of Songs where similes are used, and the techniques are rich in variation. For example, "Hooligan" uses the change of the mulberry tree from luxuriant to withering to compare the flourishing and declining of love; "Crane" uses "the stone of other mountains can attack jade" to compare the use of sage in ruling the country; "Shuo Ren" uses "catkins" as a metaphor for the hands of beauty, and "congealed fat" as a metaphor for the hands of beauty.
"Fugue" and "than" are the most basic means of expression in all poetry, while "Xing" is a more unique technique in the "Book of Songs" and even in Chinese poetry. The original meaning of the word "Xing" is "rise", so it is also known as "Xingxing". In Zhu Xi's interpretation of "Xing" in the Classic of Poetry, it means "to speak of something else first in order to arouse the words being chanted", that is to say, to use other things to pave the way for the content of what is being chanted. It is often used at the beginning of a poem or a chapter. Sometimes, when a line in a poem seems to be more than Xing, it can be used at the beginning of the poem or at the beginning of a paragraph to determine whether it is Xing. For example, "The mulberry has not yet fallen, and its leaves are fertile" in Wei Feng - Rascal is Xing.... About the most primitive "Xing", just a kind of beginning, with no meaningful relationship with the following, showing that the thoughts are drifting and associating for no reason. Like Qin Feng's Morning Breeze, it is difficult to find any meaningful connection between the beginning of the poem, "Falce his morning breeze, and the northern forest," and the following, "I have not yet seen the gentleman, and I am worried about him. Although it is possible that this example is incomprehensible because of the time gap, this situation must exist. Even in modern songs, you can still find this kind of "xing".
Furthermore, "xing" has been used metaphorically, symbolically, and in a more tangible way. But just because "Xing" was originally a thoughtless drift and association, so even with a more tangible meaning, it is not so fixed and rigid, but virtual and subtle. Such as "Guan Ju" at the beginning of the "Guan Ju turtledove, in the river of the continent", the original poet by the scene in front of him to raise the following "My Fair Lady, gentleman's good marquee", but Guan Ju and the song, you can also be a metaphor for male and female courtship, or between men and women's harmony and love, but it is just that it is not a metaphor so The only thing is that the metaphor is not so clear and certain. Another example is the poem "Peach", the beginning of the "Peach", "burning its splendor", wrote the spring peach blossom when the beautiful atmosphere, can be said to be realistic pen, but can also be understood as a metaphor for the bride's beauty, and can be said that this is to set off the warm atmosphere of the wedding. Because of the "Xing" is such a subtle, free to use the technique, future generations of poets who like the poetry of the subtle euphemistic rhyme, this is also particularly interested in their own skill, new and different, constituting a special flavor of classical Chinese poetry
Yuanqu is the Chinese nation's splendid cultural treasure trove of an extraordinary flower, it is in the ideological, cultural and cultural heritage of the Chinese people. Yuanqu is one of the most important pieces in the splendid cultural treasury of the Chinese nation, which embodies unique characteristics in terms of ideological content and artistic achievement, and has become one of the three important milestones in the history of Chinese literature, along with Tang and Song poems.
Yuanqu originally came from the so-called "Fanqu" and "Hu music", and was first circulated in the folklore, known as the "marketplace ditty" or the "village ditty". The first to circulate in the folk world was called the "marketplace ditty" or the "village ditty".
With the destruction of the Song Dynasty by the Yuan Dynasty, it was spread in the north and south of the vast area centered on Metropolis (now Beijing) and Lin'an (now Hangzhou).
The Yuan opera has a strict metrical pattern, and there are fixed format requirements for the sentence style, number of words, and level and oblique tone of each song. But although there is a fixed frame, and not rigid, allowing in the fixed frame with lining words, part of the song can also increase the sentence, rhyming allows the level of oblique, compared with the poetic stanzas and Song lyrics, there is a greater degree of flexibility. So the reader can find, the same "song" of two sometimes different word count, is this reason (the same song, the least number of words for a standard frame).
The Yuan dynasty compositions combined traditional poems, folk songs and dialects into one, forming a witty, spontaneous and honest artistic style, which had an extremely important influence on the innovation and development of the lyric style.
Following the Tang poetry and Song lyrics, Yuanqu has its unique charm: on the one hand, Yuanqu inherited the poetry's clear and gentle; on the other hand, Yuan society puts the readers in the position of "eight prostitutes, nine Confucianists and ten beggars", and the political dictatorship and darkness in the society make Yuanqu radiate an extremely eye-catching light of fighting, and it shows a rebellious mood; the sharpness of the song is also very important to the innovation and development of lyrics. Through the mood of resistance; the sharp pointing to the social ills, directly rebuke "do not read the highest, do not know how to read the best, do not know how someone boasts pretty" society, pointing directly to the "people are too embarrassed, who do not see the money pro" of the world style. The works depicting love in Yuanqu are also spicier and bolder than the poems of the past generations. All these are enough to make the Yuan dynasty opera retain its artistic charm forever.
Yuanqu has miscellaneous dramas, loose songs. The Yuanqu has the difference of miscellaneous operas and loose compositions. The loose compositions also have the difference of sets, small orders, and band over compositions.
China's ancient music to regulate the instrumental style is called to protect the palace tone. Song of the palace tone out of the Sui and Tang dynasty Yan music, the pipa four strings as the palace, Shang, horn, feather four sounds, each string constitutes seven tones, the palace sound of the seven tones called "Palace", the other are called tone, *** got twenty-eight palace tones. But in the Yuanqu, only commonly used, only Xianlv Gong, Nanlv Gong, Huangzhong Gong, Gong, Dashi Tune, Xiao Shi Tune, Bon Shibi Tune, Shang Tune, Shang Jiao Tune, Double Tune, Yue Tune twelve kinds. Each kind of palace has its own rhythmic style, so for the choice of tune, there are often certain habits. For example, Wang Gide said in the "Songs and Laws": "The use of the Gong tune must be called the sadness, joy and bitterness of the matter, such as touring and enjoyment with Xianlü, Shuangtong, etc.; sadness, there are Shangtong, Yuehtong and other categories. To harmonize with the tone, it is easy to touch people."
Each of the palace tunes has a different tune. The set consists of more than two different tunes of Monday's palace tunes.
Wang Guowei, a famous modern scholar, put Yuanqu alongside "Chu's Sao, Han's Fugue, Six Dynasties' parallelism, Tang's Poetry, and Song's Lyrics" and called it "the literature of a generation".
The Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD) was the heyday of the development of classical poetry in China. Tang poetry is one of the outstanding literary heritages of China, and also a splendid pearl in the treasure house of literature of the whole world. Though more than a thousand years have passed since then, many of the poems are still popular among us.
The Tang Dynasty had many poets. Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi were world-famous poets, but there were countless others, like stars in the sky. Of these poets, more than 2,300 are well-known today. More than 48,900 of their works are preserved in the All-Tang Poems. The themes of Tang poems are very wide. Some of them reflected the class conditions and class conflicts of the society from the side, exposing the darkness of the feudal society; some of them glorified the just war and expressed patriotic thoughts; some of them depicted the beauty of the motherland and mountains; in addition, there were also those that expressed personal ambitions and encounters, those that expressed the love of children, and those that talked about the friendships, sorrows and joys of life, etc. In a word, they covered a wide range of subjects from natural phenomena, political dynamics and the development of the country. In short, from natural phenomena, political dynamics, labor life, social customs, until the personal feelings, can not escape the poets keen eyes, become their writing is the subject matter. In terms of creative method, there are both realism and romanticism, and many great works are examples of the combination of these two creative methods, forming an excellent tradition of classical poetry in China.
The forms of Tang poetry are varied. The ancient poems of the Tang Dynasty were basically of two kinds, pentameter and heptameter. There were also two kinds of proximal poems, one called the stanza and the other called the metered verse. There were also two kinds of proximal poems, one was called a stanza and the other was a metrical poem. Therefore, there are basically six basic forms of Tang poems: quintet, heptameter, quintet, heptameter, quintet, heptameter, and heptameter. The requirements for rhyme and meter are relatively broad: the number of stanzas in a poem can be more or less, the chapter can be longer or shorter, and the rhyme scheme can be changed. The requirements for rhyme and meter are more strict: the number of lines in a poem is limited, i.e., four lines in a stanza, eight lines in a stanza, and the level and oblique sounds of the words used in each line of the poem are subject to a certain rule, and the rhymes cannot be converted; the stanzas also require that the four lines in the middle of the stanza become a pair of rhymes. The style of ancient poetry is handed down from previous generations, so it is also called ancient style. Close style poems have a strict meter, so some people also call it metrical poems.
The form and style of Tang poetry is colorful and innovative. It not only inherited the tradition of the Han and Wei folk songs and music, but also greatly developed the style of songs and lines; it not only inherited the ancient poems of the previous generation of five or seven words, but also developed into a long and dramatic narrative; it not only expanded the use of the five-word and seven-word forms, but also created a particularly beautiful and neat style of proximal poetry. The creation and maturity of the near-poetry was a major event in the history of poetry development in the Tang Dynasty. It pushed the artistic features of syllabic harmony and refinement of words of ancient Chinese poetry to an unprecedented height, and found a most typical form for ancient lyric poetry, which is still especially popular among the people. However, the metrical poetry in the proximate poetry, due to its strict metrical restrictions, it is easy to make the content of the poem to be bound, can not be freely created and play, which is its strengths bring a big defect.
Song lyrics is another literary genre following the Tang poetry, which is basically divided into two major categories: the euphemistic school and the heroic school.
The representative characters of the euphemistic school: Li Yu, the lord of the Southern Tang Dynasty, and Song lyricists: Li Qingzhao, Liu Yong, Qin Guan, and so on.
Representatives of the bold and liberal school: Xin Qiji, Su Shi, Yue Fei, Chen Liang, and so on.
Song lyrics is a glorious diamond in the crown of ancient Chinese literature, in the ancient literature of Langyuan, she is a fragrant and gorgeous garden. She is a beautiful, colorful and colorful God, and the Tang poetry competition, and the Yuan song fight Yan, traditionally and the Tang poetry and known as the double best, are on behalf of a generation of literary triumphs. Far from the "Classic of Poetry", "Chushu" and "Han, Wei and Six Dynasties Poetry" to draw nourishment, but also for the later Ming and Qing dynasty drama novels to transport the organic ingredients. Until today, she is still cultivating people's sentiment and bringing us high artistic enjoyment.
The early stage of the word is extremely colorful and flamboyant, popular in the marketplace between restaurants, is a popular art form, the Five Dynasties period of the "flower collection" is very obvious to show the word of the beautiful and gorgeous literary talent, but this period of the word is still limited to the description of the girl's love of the flowers and willows, pheng songs and banquets and other subjects.
Words can also be divided into small orders (less than 58 words), middle tunes (59~90), and long tunes (more than 90).
Words, a kind of poetry. Because it is the lyrics of the music, it is also known as the lyrics of the tune, music, music chapter, long and short sentences, poetry, qin fun, etc. It began in the Sui Dynasty and was finalized in the Middle Kingdom. Beginning in the Sui Dynasty, finalized in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, and flourished in the Song Dynasty. At the time of the Sui and Tang dynasties, the music of various ethnic groups imported from the western region and the old music of the Central Plains gradually merged, and produced Yan music, mainly Hu music. The original neat five- or seven-character poems were no longer suitable, so the word was produced with different words and phrases and in a more lively form.
Words first originated from the folk, and later, the literati wrote new words according to the rhythmic beat of music, called "fill in the words" or "according to the sound". From then on, the words and the music were separated, forming a kind of metrical poetry with uneven sentence lengths. The five or seven lines of the poem are well-proportioned, showing the beauty of neatness; and
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