The main invention of the first industrial revolution

Flying shuttle is actually a kind of shuttle with small wheels in the chute, and springs are installed at both ends of the chute, so that the shuttle can shuttle back and forth very quickly. Therefore, the invention of the shuttle makes the weaving speed faster. The weaving efficiency is greatly improved.

The flying shuttle was invented by watchmaker john kay in 1733, which greatly improved the weaving efficiency and stimulated the demand for cotton yarn.

2. Jenny machine

/kloc-in the middle of the 0/8th century, more and more goods of the British Empire were sold overseas, and the production technology of handicraft workshops was in short supply. In order to increase output, people try their best to improve production technology. In the field of cotton textile, people first invented a weaving tool called flying shuttle, which greatly accelerated the weaving speed and stimulated the demand for cotton yarn.

65438+In 1960s, the weaver james hargreaves invented the hand spinning machine "Jenny Spinning Machine". Jenny can spin a lot of cotton thread at a time, which greatly improves the productivity.

3. Hydraulic loom

The great development of British textile industry makes it seem backward. 1785, the barber Cartwright invented the hydraulic loom, which improved the weaving efficiency by 40 times. By 1800, the British cotton spinning industry has basically realized mechanization.

Spinning machines and looms are driven by water, which makes the factory must be built by the river, and because of the seasonal difference of river water, the production is unstable, which urges people to develop new power-driven machinery.

1785, Watt's improved steam engine began to be used as the power of textile machinery, and it quickly spread, causing the climax of the first scientific and technological and industrial revolution, and mankind entered the steam machine and era. By 1830, the whole cotton textile industry in Britain had basically completed the transformation from workshop handicraft industry to machine industry driven by steam engine.

4. Ships

A steam ship is a mechanical propulsion ship driven by a steam engine. The appearance of the steam engine has revolutionized the ship power, thus completing the revolution of the ship power. The driving force of the ship has changed from manpower and natural force to mechanical force. The great power provided by the steam engine of ships makes it possible for human beings to build bigger and bigger ships and carry more goods.

It was james watt who really solved the problem of marine steam engines. He invented the double-cylinder steam engine in 1765. 1768, he cooperated with matthew boulton, the boss of Birmingham Ocean Engineering Factory in England, and specially developed a special steam engine for ship propulsion. This is the Bolton-Watt engine widely used in early steam engines in the world. Ships use steam engines, and steam engines appear.

5. Watt improved the steam engine.

1764, British instrument repairman james watt noticed this shortcoming when repairing newcomen steam engine model for Glasgow University, and invented a steam engine with condenser separated from cylinder wall in 1765, and obtained a British patent in 1769.

In the early days, Watt's steam engine still used the balance bar and pull rod mechanism to drive the water pump. In order to remove the condensate and air from the condenser, Watt installed an air pump. He also installed an interlayer on the outer wall of the cylinder and heated the cylinder wall with steam to reduce condensation loss.

Baidu Encyclopedia-The First Industrial Revolution