Plate opera board

The bar is a plank. According to the different forms of board eye, they are called one board with three eyes (four beats), one board with one eye (two beats), one board without eyes (one beat, or running water board) and no board without eyes (scattered board). (2) refers to the lower plate form, that is, the rhythm form. This is a common musical term in Kunqu Opera. For example, the word in the aria is called "head board" and the word in the second half is called "waist board" (also called? Board ") or" waist eye "; Three-board tune is not boring, but at the end of a aria, it is called "chopping block" or "floor"

Board eye: the board indicates the strong beat, the eye indicates the weak beat and the sub-strong beat, and there is a board without eyes (1/4): there is only one beat in each bar, and the quarter note is used as the strong beat (1/4) and the board. One board and one eye (2/4), two beats per bar, one strong and one weak, one board and one.

Eyes. One board with two eyes (3/4), head and eyes. One board with three eyes (4/4), head eye, middle eye and no eye. The general name of beat forms in China traditional music. Its types are "one board with one eye", "one board with three eyes", "one board without eyes" and "one board without eyes". A board or a glance is 1 beat. In general, the board position is equivalent to the strong beat position of modern international notation, and the eye position is equivalent to the weak beat position (just the same position does not mean that the laws of strength and weakness are equal). One-to-one beat form is called "one-to-one board" (equivalent to 2 beats). Its chessboard position is 1 beat, and its eye position is in the second beat. The beat form of a board with three eyes is called "three-eye board" (equivalent to four beats). Its board position is 1 beat, the head eye is in the second beat, the middle eye is in the third beat, and the last eye is in the fourth beat. The racket form with a board and no eyes is called "water board" (equivalent to 1 beat). Every beat is a board position, but it cannot be understood that every beat is a strong beat. The racket form without board and eyes is called "loose board" That is, the free beat form. There is a difference between "solid board" and "virtual board" ("waist board"). A board played while the music is playing is called a real board; The board that is played before the tone is played, or the board that continues to play after the tone is played, is called the virtual board (waist board); The board played at the end of a free-beat phrase is called the bottom board. Similarly, there are differences between "real eye" and "virtual eye" ("waist eye"). In traditional acoustic music, there is also a beat form (equivalent to 8 beats) composed of two three-eye boards, which is called "gift board". In the I- scale spectrum, the symbols of Banyan are usually represented by ","or× (board), "○" (eye, middle eye), "●" (head eye, end eye), "-"or "└" (waist plate, bottom plate) and "△" (waist eye). 1. Three-eye board (four beats) ① Adagio, also known as slow three eyes. This kind of plate tune is slow in rhythm, complicated in words, beautiful in melody, longer than lyric, and is mostly used in lyric occasions. In Kunqu opera, this plate-like tune is called the "fine tune" of "Man Xu Sheng Du"; The leather spring cavity is called adagio, slow three eyes, straight words, positive board and so on. Bangzi cavity is called four-legged eye, slow 28 and so on. 2 Adagio. The adagio of some operas is so slow that the four beats are extended to eight beats, such as the adagio of Han Opera and the Daan Board of Hebei Bangzi. This is similar to Kunqu opera's giving board. Taking the middle eye (the second strong beat) as the board (the strong beat) actually expands the original four-beat bar into an eight-beat bar or proportionally expands it into two four-beat bars. (3) three eyes faster. Its speed is a little faster than Adagio, and its melody is not as colorful as Adagio, which is closer to the original board. It can be regarded as a plate between the flexible board and the original board.

2. Take a look at the board (two shots) ① The original board. Usually it's medium speed, and the melody is slightly simple, not as tortuous as adagio. Its function is lyrical and narrative. If used for lyricism, it will strengthen the melody of singing; If it is used in narration, aria processing will strengthen its recitation. There are different names for the original types of board drama, such as the leather spring system, second-rate, one word, one word with eyes and so on. The bangzi system is called 26, 28, splint, sex, second-rate and so on. In the leather spring system, the speed of the original board sung by Dan's feet is slightly slower than that of the original board of raw feet, which is closer to three eyes. Therefore, the beat of the original board is often regarded as as fast as three eyes. ② 26 boards. Also called scanning board, the speed is slightly faster than the original board. Its phrase structure is shorter than the original board, its melody is simpler, its words are few, its recitation is strong, and its rhythm is more compact than the original board. Its function focuses on narration, so although it is the same as the original board, it has different characteristics and functions. Erliuban has different names in various operas. In the leather spring system, only Xipi has this disc, which is called 26, or slow second-rate, medium-rate, slow stack and so on. In the bangzi system, it is called buttressing, or fast 28, sex, tight 2, tight 26 and so on.

3. Have a board without eyes (one beat) ① Run the board. The phrase structure is shorter and more concise. Although the melody fluctuates greatly, the words are dense and simple, and the rhythm is more compact and urgent. It is often used to describe and express urgent dramatic emotions. In the leather spring system, the second spring does not have this plate type, and the west spring is called running water, or a word, knurling, fast second flow, tight stack and so on. And the bangzi system is called ribbon board, or running water, fast second flow, fast second flow and so on. Allegro. It belongs to the same type of plate as the flowing water plate. The only difference between the two is the speed. Allegro is faster and more anxious. In the leather spring system, the second spring has no such plate, and the west spring is called Allegro, or adding plate, driving plate, fast middle plate and so on. Bangzi system is called belt board, flowing water stack, tight 28, bisexual stack board, stack board and so on.

4. Loose board (free beat) ① Swing board. Also known as tight playing and slow singing, it is a unique pattern in China traditional opera music. Its characteristic is that the vocal part is a loose board with a free beat, but the accompaniment part is carried out in strict accordance with the rhythm of the running board, forming a staggered rhythm of the two parts, and there are also some polyphonic factors in the melody. This rhythmic feature of tight playing and slow singing enables it to express both carefree and relaxed emotions and intense emotions. In the leather spring, it is called rocking board or tight playing and slow singing, and in the bangzi, it is called tight running water, flying bangzi and so on. (2) scattered boards. Also known as slow.

Slow singing is a completely free-beat plate, which is different from rocking plate. Its rhythm features are good at expressing exciting dramatic emotions. Leather springs are called loose boards, also called sigh boards and three boards, and bangzi is called medium boards, sharp boards and flying boards. (3) There are several kinds of derivative plates of loose plate, namely guide plate and coiled plate. The guide plate is a kind of board, actually there is only one phrase, which is often used as the last sentence, and often appears before the long aria of adagio, original board and other boards, and is used as the introduction phrase. Strictly speaking, it is not an independent plate, because it cannot form a aria alone, but a special phrase in the plate type of scattered plate. The characteristic of the curling board is that in the scattered board with free beat, vocals with relatively strict beat often appear alternately, one word at a time, and words are closely stacked, which is often used in tragic statements, crying and other occasions. In addition, some operas called Cryboard and Coordination also belong to this derivative board. 5. One board with three eyes (four beats) is 4/4 beats, and 40-90 notes (quarter notes) are sung every minute, and every two bars (4/4) are a music section, that is to say, two bars are just the time value of a whole note singing a music section. The rhythm of four bars (2/8) is compressed to the original duration of two bars and a whole tone, that is, the original 4/4 beat is changed to 4/8 beat, and the middle beat of the third beat is divided into strong beats, forming the rhythm of the board, the board, the eyes and the eyes, which is called fast three eyes, also called blocking. Playing the adagio of the head with a big brass instrument is called a big board, or a broken board, instead of playing the challenge or hammer of the head with a big bronze instrument. The adagio in the large-scale aria of Shaanxi Opera often transits between "three eyes faster" and "three eyes slower", with strict rhythm, delicate feelings, rich melodies and circuitous tunes, which is suitable for expressing the inner feelings of characters. It is often used for self-narration and lyricism in drama.

The above-mentioned plate dramas are all formed in the continuous creation and development of plate variants, and have been widely used in practice. The Structural Law of (1) Qupai Combination Opera Music

Although the opera music of Qupai combination is mainly composed of the whole song or aria in the form of different Qupai combinations, it also contains the factors of plate changes. Before the appearance of plate music (that is, the plate music supplemented by the author), the combination law of Qupai music (that is, Qupai combination music) originally contained the factors of rhythm change.

In the music of Qupai ensemble, the structure of "divertimento" always includes three parts, namely introduction, overture (or positive note) and ending. The melody arrangement order of the divertimento composed of these three parts generally reflects the following rhythm changes, namely, scattered board, three-eye board, one-eye board, running board and scattered board. This rhythm layout is "related to the development level of drama plot", which is conducive to expressing the conflict of drama contradictions and "gradually becoming stronger and sharper from calm", thus enhancing the expressive force of Qupai ensemble music.

Take the three pieces of music in the Southern Opera "The Legend of Wang Huan" as an example. They are composed of different forms of banyan trees. The banyan beats are "scattered board" (scattered beat), three-eye board (8/4 beat), three-eye board (4/4 beat) and running board (1/4 beat).

In Kunqu opera, "plate conversion can be used for overlapping famous songs of the same brand, for the transition between different songs in the same collection, and also for the segmentation of a song itself." . For example, in the early Qing Dynasty, Li Yiming wrote "Sou Shan", which was one of the "Thousand Bells" and used Lu Xian as a double collection. In addition to Lu Xian's "Divination Symbol", * * * used nine tunes, and the first song "Good Sister" took 2/4 beats. The second song [Bu Bujiao] is a classic song with three eyes and a gift board; The third song [Wind into Pine] uses pine boards and glance boards; It is a "fast-slow-scattered" structural layout.

Another example is the introduction of the Kunqu Opera "Fan Si", the three-eye board [goat], [tea picking song] (one-eye board), [crying for land] (4/4 beat, 2/4 beat), [wind blowing lotus leaf] (running board) and [ending] (scattered board); The combination of these qupai forms the rhythm layout characteristics of scattered-slow-fast-scattered. (2) The structural rules in the plate variant opera music.

"The plate-shaped variation of traditional Chinese opera's vocal cavity is the sublimation of various rhythm laws since human beings have their own words", which gives full play to the function of plate-shaped variation and uses the contrast and change of rhythm to shape and express feelings. The basic law of various plate changes is generally the structural layout of "scattered-slow-medium-fast-scattered", which includes both the plate changes of the whole drama and the plate changes within a aria.

There is a aria of "Coptis chinensis is bitter, bitter" in the Peking Opera Du Fu Shan. Its sounding boards are: anti-Huang Er guide board, original board (2/4)-26 board (twice slow, 4/4 notation, 4/4)- Xipi 26 (26, 2/4 slow).

In an aria "I'm Flying Needle" in Li Er's Wife's Remarriage, the vocal cavity boards are "Siping, Baner, Sanban and Baner" respectively, which are "slow-fast-scattered-fast" in speed and cadence.

The package of the Henan Opera "Meeting the Empress" sings "I heard that the Empress fucked the official's son", and the plate type is the change of "chopping block-adagio-running board" and also the change form of "scattered-slow-fast".

No matter the combination of Qupai and plate opera music, the change and transmission of plate opera music, through the comparison of speed, plate beat and rhythm, the structural change law of "scattered-slow (adding plate)-medium-fast-slow" is formed, which is gradually derived from the structure of "scattered order, middle order, broken or dancing all over" in Tang Daqu. [Er Liu Ban] The beat of "one board and one beat" (that is, 2/4 beat) is also divided into two types: happy sound and bitter sound. The upper and lower sentences are each composed of six sections, and the two sentences can be divided into sections. Each sentence has six bars, and each bar has two beats, that is, one board and one eye. Seven sentences and horizontal sentences are generally divided by words (two, two, three, three, four), and each sentence has two bars. In order to express excitement, syncopation can be used between two bars, and the original rhythm of board, eye, board and eye can be divided into boards. And two sentences can be divided into paragraphs. [26 board] is divided into tight (fast) and slow; "Fast and Liu Ban" is to reduce the original six bars of each sentence to five or four bars, so that the rhythm of the melody is accelerated and the form is knotted.

Constant construction, good at expressing passion and excitement, comes from the acceleration of [Slow 26 Board]. Slow 26 is to expand the original six bars of each sentence to eight bars, that is, 28 beats, which is longer than narrative, dialogue and lyrical emotions. Shaanxi opera

challenge

"Challenging the board" means that the actor sends a signal to the drum with a certain standard name, and then picks up the board to sing or move the bronze as needed. Challenge boards are mostly used for [flexible board], [26 board], [arrow board], [rolling board] and so on. Slogans such as "Leopard Head" and "Inverted Eight Clutches" in front of the action bronzes are all "scattered boards". Sometimes there is only intonation without melody. Generally speaking, it can be divided into "function word appellation" and "wanderer appellation", both of which have different accents and tones. The appellations of function words are mostly modal particles, which have the meaning of exclamation. If there is something to call, it is mostly to call people or make statements, orders and entreaties. ：

(2) Lift the plate and lift the plate through the door, that is, the head of the plate and the position of the plate. Many bronze wares with lifting plates are named after plates. There are many kinds of lifting plates, among which [rocker plate] and [original plate] are used for toothed lifting plates; There are [26 small banded gongs], [3 small banded pestle gongs], [264 small banded gongs], [267 small banded gongs], [268 small banded gongs], [260 small banded gongs] and [26 small banded drinking grounds] using small bronzes. There are 【 26 big ribbon plates 】, 【 26 rough ribbon plates 】, 【 26 big ribbon plate puller 】, 【 26 slow ribbon plate 】, 【 26 long pestle pile headband plate 】, 【 7 pestle 26 ribbon plate 】 and so on. In addition, the first half is big bronze, and the second half is three sections [two halves and two belts]. [26 board] is also called the board head. It consists of an introduction and a basic door. There are bantou doors (including introduction), basic doors and sentences. Passing the door between sentences is the door after singing a sentence, including the door after singing the previous sentence, the door after singing the next sentence and the door after singing the cushion sentence. A word across the doormat

It is a short time when the upper and lower sentences do not drag, that is, the introduction can be used flexibly according to different starting bronzes in the middle of continuous singing. When the plot needs to be compact, you can also sing after the introduction.

(3) Singing method [26 board] is as little as one sentence and as many as dozens of sentences. There are cross-sentences and seven-sentences. Besides regular sentences, there are many sentences. Its sentence patterns are flexible and changeable. Especially the aria and tunes of the previous sentence are varied. Both the upper and lower sentences can be played at the end of the aria (that is, dragging the cavity), but the musical structure of the upper and lower sentences remains unchanged. Each sentence has six bars, that is, six boards, with a quarter note as one beat and two beats per bar, and the sound length of two bars is a whole tone, that is, the sound length of the sentence is a whole tone. The musical tonality of Shaanxi Opera is seven tones in C major and A minor, five tones in sign mode and quotient mode, stable tone 1, 2,3,6, unstable tone 2,4,5,7, 1. Mode, in the sense of mode, the last sentence is generally dynamic, and its middle end usually falls on the unstable mode of mode, which means the expansion of contradictions; But the next sentence is generally static, and generally ends with the tonic of the mode, indicating the unity of contradiction or temporary unity. In this way, the whole aria means that the music is not over. Therefore, the bitter tune of the previous sentence can fall to 2, 4, 5, 7, 1, 2, etc. And the joyful tone can be 1, 2, 3, 6, 3, 2, etc. The singing method of the upper and lower sentences in the aria is roughly 1, and the eyes fluctuate. The first cavity starts from the eyes, that is, we often say that the weak segment starts clapping and the incomplete segment ends. 2. The board rises and falls to a complete section, also called "touch board": that is, singing from the board (strong beat) and landing on the board. Passing through the door between sentences is mostly the repetition or variation of aria melody. Words are freer and more commonly used. 3. In the aria of [2], according to the needs of the plot, you can add a white line to the sentence and continue singing. 4. Ertyphoid tune is an aria melody sung by the actor in the bass area, which is used to express the mood of the characters in the play when they are sick or in a trance.

(4) Based on the 2/4 single shot of the turntable [26 board], it can be turned to 4/4 repeat shot (2/4+2/4). After a sentence, you can go to another board, or you can go from 【 26 board 】 to 【 2 guide board 】 and pour 【 Flexible board 】; That is, the first sentence is the introduction of the next sentence on the second and sixth boards. Slow down, and the next sentence turns to Adagio. The original time value of one beat continues the time value of two beats. You can also turn to [Flexible Board] and then turn back to [26 Board] through the second guide plate after the previous sentence; That is, (2/4+2/4) turn back to the original 2/4 beat rhythm, and if you speed up, you can transfer people [with boards]; 2/4 beats to 1/8.

(5) Drop board [26 board] The drop board includes "leave board", "rest board", "flush board", "smash board" and "yellow board". Among them, the last three methods belong to perfect radio (the radio falls on the tonic).

1, "off the board" is a way to end the aria in the form of tight playing and slow singing. In fact, it is also the dislocation of accompaniment and vocal music, which strengthens the sense of urgency and termination of the melody atmosphere. Tighten the beginning of the last sentence and sing slowly; In the last sentence, there is slow singing after the first cavity, that is, the first cavity is followed by the wooden board, and the second cavity is followed by slow singing. Percussion can be accompanied by teeth or double bonds.

2. "Off duty" is also a pause in the process of singing. It is called "off duty" because when dialogue and performance are needed during [26], the singing stops and the music continues to pass through the door. The rest board can rest directly and rest after leaving the board. The rest board is divided into the rest of the previous sentence and the rest of the next sentence. Music can be repeated indefinitely, and it is a board with three eyes. Because the 4/4 beat is stable, it can be used to set off dialogues and performances. When you need to pick up a song, you can pick up the board and pick up the song at any time when you pass by the door. There are all kinds of falling notes on the rest board, and there are all kinds of falling notes on the rest board, but falling note 5 is the most common one.

3. "Ban Qi" (upper and lower board) Er Liu Banqi is a form of falling board, which ends the aria with a complete board, namely a board and an eye. It follows the first cavity of the last sentence of the aria with a pad sentence passing through the door, which generally slows down the speech a little and ends with a flush door passing through. The flushing plate comprises a flushing plate with a cavity and a flushing plate without a cavity; A flush plate without a cavity is called a hard flush plate.

4. "Bang" (melody segmentation stops) 26 Bang means that in a certain sentence of singing or music, singing and playing are stopped immediately, that is, the boards are cut together by the percussion pad, and to put it bluntly, it is to smash the boards.

5, "Yellow Board" Erliu Yellow Board is mainly used at the end of a play or the last song of a play. Its sentence pattern is relatively fixed and has a strong sense of ending. The ending method is to create momentum in advance in the last sentence of the aria, break the regular plate rhythm with percussion, break up the next sentence of the aria, and add percussion and three-press (three stilts) to end the aria. The neat and broken yellow board of the 26-board ending method is called a perfect ending (falling on the tonic), and the left board and the rest board are called an imperfect ending (falling on the tonic for three or five degrees).

(6) Color cavity Color cavity refers to the cavity that is dragged by the high school holiday. The so-called "falsetto" refers to the sound that only some vocal cords vibrate through conscious control when singing. This kind of sound is higher than the "true sound" of the whole vocal cord vibration, and the timbre has a crystal clear feeling, without words or missing a word. Its function is to add colorful melodies to express a specific emotion. Because of its unique accent characteristics, it is named color cavity or simply "pull cavity". Old artists are also called "two tones" or "narrow tones". 26 color cavity of the board, usually use one or two sentences when leaving the board and facing the board. The basic disc of Peking Opera is the original Huang Er.

Huang Er original board is the basic board of Huang Er tone cavity. From the disc name analysis, the original disc is original, original, that is, the original meaning. The original disk is the basic form of all kinds of disks, and other disks have evolved on the basis of the original disk. The characteristics of Huang Er's original plate are: 2/4 beat and single-minded singing. The first beat of each bar is called "board" and the second beat is called "eye". Beijing opera's vocal clappers also have their own specifications. The original board is one-to-one, the board position is tapped with the palm of your hand, and the eye position is tapped with the index finger. The structural characteristics of aria: the first and second clauses are short, and the third clause is voiced at the end. If the third clause is not big, but a cushion is connected with the first clause of the next sentence, this structural form is called "Lian Sentence". The Huang Er original board is a medium-speed rhythm board, with about 60-90 beats per minute, which is slow and steady. The original board with more than 90 beats per minute can be called "fast original board". Such as Wen Zhaoguan, Second Palace and other dramas, as well as the faster creation of Allegro by Huang Er. Huang Er's original singing has the law of "starting and ending the board". Singing begins on the chessboard, and the ending of singing falls on the chessboard. It's not in this format, it's a variation form, and the singing falls on the eyes. On Huang Er's original board, the upper and lower sentences fell off: old student, Hualian, Lao Dan, etc. Sing loudly. In Huang Er's original board, the upper sentence falls off "1", "3" and "6", and the lower sentence falls off "2" and "5". In the original board meeting of Huang Er for the business of Dan Jiao and Xiao Sheng, the first sentence was read as "1", and the second sentence was read as "2" and "5". About Huang Er's original gate: Although Huang Er's original gate in different transactions has different vocals and uses exactly the same gate melody, it is just Huang Er's original gate in Lao Dan transaction. On the basis of the same structure, it has the characteristics of adding flowers to the melody and forming its own routine. Because the melody of Huang Er's original aria is gentle and steady, the melody is progressive, and there are few big jumps, which is suitable for the lyrical and thinking situation of the people in the play. Huang Er's original aria can also be used as the main aria part of Huang Er's complete aria, such as Huang Er's guide singing, followed by Huilong and the original aria; From Adagio to Huang Er Original Board; Or from the original plate in Huang Er to other plates, this aria is the structural form of "plate change combination".

Huang Er Huilong is also one of the subsidiary plates. It is a kind of plate with only one lyric and one aria, which can't form a complete aria. Huilong board and Huilong cavity are not the same thing, but have different concepts and practical connotations. Huang Er Huilong Plate is often used behind the Huang Er guide plate as the "middle connecting plate" between the third eye of Huang Er and the original plate. For example, "looking for orphans to save them" is just to save orphans and give up their lives. After the guide, Huang Er Huilong is a complete aria in a complete aria, which appears as the next sentence. Most people sing with small mats, so some people call Huilong "touch the board" and others sing with the door. The aria Orphan of Zhao is an example. Huilong begins with a compact refrain, that is, the refrain begins to sing, and ends with a high-pitched cavity, which is very expressive. Huang Er Huilong has two structural forms: the original board (one board with one eye) and the flexible board (one board with three eyes). The following sentences have many forms, but the above sentences also have forms. "Huang Jintai" and "Grandpa Chitose wants to burst into tears" are Huilong in the form of the previous sentence, which is different from Huilong with a guide plate in front and Huilong in the form of the next sentence. "Old Xue Bao, don't kneel down" in "San Niang Jiao Zi" is two yellow dragons in the form of sentences on an adagio. The structural feature of this dragon is that the aria of the sentence on the adagio is extracted separately and changed at the end of the sentence, which makes the aria more circuitous and euphemistic and prolongs the cavity. It is often used when the plot of a drama is in an emergency or at a turning point, to ease the tense and fast rhythm and gradually enter lyrical narrative. Huilong, as the first sentence of this aria, can be followed by adagio, fast third eye or original board. Because Huilong is sung in the form of touch board, this form of Huilong is often called "touch board" and "three-eye touch board", which is ignored and ignored. Huang Er Huilong, in the form of the last sentence of Three Mothers Teach Children, is the turning point of the whole drama. After a calm mood, Huang Er sang the original board smoothly. Compared with the Huilong appearing behind the guide plate, the Huang Er Huilong in the form of the above sentence is relatively peaceful. The basic layout of Shaanxi Opera is Adagio.

Strict rhythm, delicate feelings, rich melody and circuitous melody are suitable for expressing the inner feelings of the characters. It is often used for self-narration and lyricism in drama. Use it for all kinds of roles. It is not only an independent and complete plate, but also can be transferred to another plate. Adagio is a board with three eyes or 4/4 beats. There are two tones: "bitter tone" and "happy tone". The structure and duration of these two types of vocals. The rules of starting sentences and falling cavities are mostly the same, but the timbre and melody are different. Adagio is divided into slow, medium and fast.

(1) There are two kinds of lifting flexible boards: lifting flexible boards (complete sections, namely lifting flexible boards and dropping flexible boards) and dropping flexible boards (incomplete sections, namely lifting flexible boards and dropping flexible boards): [lifting flexible boards] are called "one step in place" because bronze is not used; And the [collapsed board] is lifted with bronze. There are many ways to take adagio. The head and position of taking adagio are different, but there are only three positions to take adagio: facing board, following board cavity, waist board, second beat cavity, low board and last beat cavity.

(2) There are differences between the Bantou Pass Method and the Bantou Pass Basic Law for Adagio due to different bronzes. There are four kinds of traditional board heads: three rings, big beginning, second beginning and lazy turning over. There are joyful sounds and bitter sounds when you enter the door. Among them, "three rings" is the most commonly used. "Three Rings" consists of three phrases, and each phrase has three bars. In addition to introducing the rhythm of pine board, it has nine bars (nine bars). Because different speeds, different bands and different players, especially the players of the main musical instrument (Banhu), are the same "three rings" but have various playing styles (referring to flowers), and their basic skeletons and structures are different. Among them, there are single-fingered flowers, multiple-fingered flowers and thin-fingered flowers. "Sanhuan" can be a complete form or a segmented form: for example, it belongs to a complete "Sanhuan" in terms of "one guarantee"; [Ann class block], the door from its body in the first quarter; [Drop board] and [Stop head] start from the second beat of the second bar, and most of them start from the third beat of the second bar; [Two anti-collapse boards], [bitter cavity collapse board] and [eight pigeons bathing] all started from the third beat in the third quarter. In the traditional adagio of the old program, the door at the end of the upper and lower aria sentences is followed by the [three-ring] door, so the "three-ring" is both the door of adagio and the door between aria sentences. "Bitter Sound Begins with Big Mouth" has slow speech speed, slightly long melody, rigid melody, deep artistic conception and rich internal expressive force. The melody of "Happy Sounds at the Beginning" is natural and unrestrained, lyrical and smooth, which is simply the difference between one thought and three eyes. The melody of "Two Beginnings" has a strong national classical charm and is slow. It can be divided into "joyful sound" and "bitter sound", which are mostly used for the memories, thoughts and doubts of positive characters in traditional dramas. Its structure is rigorous, its melody is strong, and its body tone is one board with three eyes. The lazy man turns over can also be divided into "joyful sound" and "bitter sound", and the tune is two bars, that is, the middle eye rises and the head falls to save time and sing fast.

(3) Adagio singing

1. Close-mouth singing: that is, singing two bars of words in the first section and using tonal stress in the second section. It is a special and typical singing method. The chorus is the first cavity of Adagio, that is, the first three words are sung continuously, and the rhythm and duration are relatively free. It is often used at the beginning of a drama or the first cavity of an important aria, and has the characteristics of passion and chanting. Different from tight singing, it is slow, and the words of two bars are extended to three bars. Sometimes the compound beat (3/4+2/4) of the original three-eye board is extended to 5/4 beat, and its melody structure is longer and its expression is more detailed.

2. Stop the head, that is, adagio (from 4/4 of the third eye board to 2/8 fast 26, from the original quarter note to the eighth note). Usually just sing an adagio, and then turn the board. For example, when singing two or more adagios, the rules are the same as those of the general adagio, but the tune is simple, the speed is relatively fast, and it is passionate and powerful. The plate rhythm has a typical dramatic color. Sometimes the next sentence can also be sung as stop board. Due to the different start-up modes, there are [first stop], [slow stop], [long stop] and [stacking stop].

3. The board (also called syncopation, which changes the regularity of the original board strength, and the head-eye sound continues to the board-eye sound) is called "adagio" because it sings the board in the adagio. (also known as "flash board"). Laying the board refers to changing the basic rules of adagio cavity sentences, making some cavity nodes change the relationship between strength and weakness, omitting the door, and making the upper and lower sentences form a chorus. Often inserted into adagio sentences, it cannot be an independent aria. Sometimes you can sing a few words in a row and turn it into a [26] disc.

4. The voice structure, beat, sentence-starting and cavity-falling rules of Yin Si board are the same as those of Adagio. The difference is that the melody is performed in the bass area, and the mood is very miserable and weak. This kind of singing is only used when the characters in the play are dying or coming back from the dead. The clitoris has only a bitter voice. In adagio, the negative board is used for singing, mostly for trumpet and horn.

5. Typhoid fever is also an adagio with a low melody. Generally similar to the negative plate, but with different purposes. The typhoid tune is mainly used by the characters in the play when they are sick, injured, faint, lazy, extremely sad and regretful. In a word, the voice of Shaanxi Opera is based on a pair of upper and lower phrases, which highlights the role of beat and rhythm changes in variation, and expresses various dramatic emotions through the connection changes of different plates (such as three-eye board, one-eye board, ribbon board, scattered board, etc.). ). It is often used to expand the board and add flowers (the change of the beat), to concentrate (the change of the rhythm), to expand the head and tail, to slow down and accelerate (the change of the beat duration), to turn high and low (the change of the tonality), and to move the palace and break the tune (the change of the mode category). In variation, the change of speed and rhythm is still the center, supplemented by the change of melody and other musical tonality. Generally speaking, when expressing feelings, the inner rhythm is always slow and long, and adagio rhythm is often used to express feelings. Emotional disputes or complaints, the rhythm of their tone is always very urgent, often using the rhythm of the board and allegro. When strong and excited feelings need to break through all the shackles and vent freely, the regular beat form can no longer adapt, and it needs to be expressed by a free beat board. The basic form of Henan Opera is Kuaisanyan.

Changing the slow speed of Adagio to the fast speed is called "Fast Three Eyes". In traditional programs, this kind of "fast three eyes" means omitting all the eight gates in the middle. Because of its high speed, the melody needs to be simplified, the rhythm needs to be bright, and the melody uses as little coloratura as possible to form sentence after sentence, which is connected by words and lines, so it is called "golden hook hanging" in traditional drama. In traditional programs, although there are such typical examples of singing without the eight diagrams between the upper and lower sentences, it is rare. Many of them are based on the needs of the characters' emotions, scene movements and dances, and sometimes they also use two-bang, four-bang and full-door aria. So now we call him Quick Eye. Compared with Adagio, Kuaisanyan has the same basic procedures and changing rules, but the speed is fast and slow, and the melody rhythm is simple and complicated.