China's Ancient Scientific and Technological Achievements Leading the World

The Shang Dynasty had the world's earliest records of solar and lunar eclipses

Astronomers from the state of Lu in the Spring and Autumn left the earliest records of Halley's Comet

The Gan Shi Xing Jing (The Book of the Stars) by Gande and Shishin in the Warring States period was the world's earliest work of astronomy

Qin and Han Periods:

Chinese were the first to invent paper

Paper for writing and drawing was already available at the beginning of the Western Han period. p>

In the early Western Han Dynasty, paper was already used for writing and drawing

The Zhou Thigh Calculation Classic, written in the first century BC, was 500 years older than the West

Some of the contents of the Nine Chapters of the Calculus in the Western Han Dynasty were among the most advanced in the world

The geodesic instrument invented by Zhang Heng in the Western Han Dynasty was the most advanced instrument for determining the location of earthquakes in the world, more than 1,700 years older than in Europe

The Qin and Han Dynasties:

The Qin and Han Dynasties:

China was the first country in the world to invent paper. Three Kingdoms period:

Zu Chongzhi was the first person in the world to make pi accurate to seven decimal places, more than 1,100 years before Europe

Sui-Tang period:

Zhaozhou Bridge is the world's oldest stone arch bridge

Sin and his line were the first to measure the meridian line

Tang Taizong established a medical school, 200 years before the West, which had a more detailed classification of medicine. Medical school, 200 years before the West

The Tang Materia Medica was the world's first pharmacopoeia compiled and promulgated by a state, 800 years before Europe Pre-Qin

The volume of the Diamond Sutra is the earliest surviving engraved print in the world with an exact date

Song and Yuan dynasties:

Bi Sheng invented movable-type printing, 400 years before Europe

Compasses for navigation and gunpowder for military use were at the forefront of the world

Shen Kuo's "Twelve Air Calendar", 800 years before Britain

Guo Shoujing's "Calendar for the Teaching of the Time", 300 years before the establishment of the current Gregorian Calendar

Ming and Qing Dynasties:

Traditional science and technology were at the forefront of the world.

Geographic Achievements in Ancient China

(1) The name "geography" was first introduced in the book Zhouyi.

(2) The Classic of Mountains and Seas of the Warring States period reflects the people's understanding of Chinese and foreign geography in that period.

(3) Pei Xiu of the Western Jin Dynasty drew the "Yugong Geographic Map", which put forward six principles of map making, namely "six styles of map making". This theory has been used until the end of the Ming Dynasty.

(4) Li Daoyuan, a geographer from the Northern Wei Dynasty, made "Notes on the Water Classic", a comprehensive geographic work.

(5) Xu Hongzu's Xu Xiake's Travels in the Ming Dynasty is a geographic masterpiece, in which observations and accounts of limestone dissolution landscapes predate Europe by about two centuries.

Agriculture, handicraft writings:

(1) The Essentials of Qimin: Northern Wei Jia Si-feng, is one of the earliest and most complete agricultural books in existence.

(2) Mengxi Bianan: Shen Kuo of the Northern Song Dynasty, is a precious heritage in the history of China's scientific development.

(3) The Complete Book of Agricultural Politics: written by Xu Guangqi at the end of the Ming Dynasty, it discusses the theory of agronomy and introduces the water conservancy methods of Europe, which is an excellent work of agronomy in ancient China.

(4) "Tian Gong Kai Wu": the late Ming and early Qing scientists by Song Yingxing, known as the "17th century Chinese craft encyclopedia.

(5) "River defense at a glance": the Ming Dynasty, Pan Jixing tamed, summed up the experience of China's ancient management of the Yellow River floods.