Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional culture - Simple and beautiful traditional houses in Zhejiang
Simple and beautiful traditional houses in Zhejiang
Zhejiang folk houses are an important school of traditional Han folk houses. More use of hillsides and rivers not only adapts to the complex natural terrain, saves cultivated land, but also creates a good living environment. According to the climate characteristics and the needs of production and life, courtyards, open halls, patios, corridors and other forms are widely used, so that the internal and external spaces are both connected and separated, forming an open and transparent layout. The rational use of materials, structures and some artistic techniques in form gives people a simple and natural feeling.
The folk houses in Zhejiang have the same characteristics as the traditional folk houses of the Han nationality in this area: they live together, face south, and pay attention to internal lighting; Wood beam bearing, brick, stone, soil wall; Focusing on the main hall, he is good at carving beams and painting buildings, decorating roofs and cornices. Houses in Zhejiang cover their roofs with tiles. Build a house with bricks. Live by the water.
Since 1980s, traditional folk houses, as a cultural phenomenon, have been called "disappearing scenery", which has gradually attracted people's attention. Since then, as the nature of folk houses as a historical and cultural heritage has been recognized by more and more people, the popularity of folk houses has rapidly warmed up, and its reference to modern society has become more and more important.
As the material representation of regional culture, the connotation of folk houses is very rich. Starting from the Hemudu-style primitive building of the "fictional house", the folk houses in Zhejiang have shown colorful changes with different climate, topography and environment and people's living customs. In terms of settlement location, layout and the treatment of various buildings, Zhejiang folk houses generally embody three characteristics, namely: advocating nature and paying attention to geomantic omen; Strengthen consanguinity and live in groups; Abide by the etiquette system and pay attention to interpersonal relationships. Of course, due to the differences of the times, urban and rural areas and regions, these characteristics may not be exactly the same, but whether it is a water village house built by the river, a quadrangle with reasonable order, or a mountain village arranged according to the terrain, the internal orientation is the same.
Weddings and funerals, building a house and buying land, are lifelong things.
Building a house marks the success of life, which is hard-won, and requires the efforts of the owners for ten years and frugality in life. In fact, a farmer in China has only four major events in his life: weddings and funerals, building a house and buying land. Since the land is public and cannot be bought or sold, there are actually only three things left. Without a house, Hongxi has no hope at all, so building a house has become a prerequisite, a necessary prerequisite for maintaining family order, the ultimate goal of life.
Ambition hidden under smiling face
Perhaps it is this pursuit of spiritual value beyond mere existence that makes the architectural ceremony particularly grand? Not only the host, but also the whole village and the whole nation felt the difficulty of life and the sacredness of entrepreneurship in this grand atmosphere. Just like choosing a good date for marriage, you should choose a good date for building a house. One is to build a good house smoothly, and the other is to have security when you are old. Of course, it is a hidden ambition that the smiling face of the master can shadow his children and grandchildren and produce several respectable people in the future.
The loading time of the light beam is carefully calculated.
"Tall buildings rise from the ground", and the corner is the key. The house stands firmly, upright, in the right direction, near the corner. Therefore, when the wall is erected, important people should be present. Mr. Feng Shui holds a compass in his hand, his expression is serious, his eyes are focused, and his mouth is full of words, which casts a mysterious color on this moment. The time of the beam is carefully calculated, and the birthday of everyone in the family is the parameter of this time. Perhaps it is because the luck of everyone in the family is entrusted to this beam that supports the foundation of a family?
The most terrible thing is fire.
Traditional houses in most areas of Zhejiang are made of wood, so the protection and fire prevention of wood structure has become a big problem. From the day the house was built, people expected that the house would be strong in the future, free from insects and fires. On the beam, the owner hangs a laundry basket on the beam and puts a chicken in the basket to make the chicken auspicious. Secondly, it is considered that chickens can eat centipedes and termites, which can keep the wood structure firm.
In order to prevent fire, Zhejiang folk houses generally adopt horse-head wall to prevent the fire from spreading; Some large-scale houses are equipped with pools to facilitate fire fighting. Symbolism is widely used on the roof, decorated with aquatic animals and plants such as fish and grass; The beams were carved into rolling waves, as if the whole house were flooded. The fire left a deep impression on people. A single spark can crush a family that has lived for generations, and a big fire can destroy half a city.
Therefore, the most terrible disaster of brick-wood architecture is the fire known as "Zhu Rong Jun". All eye-catching parts and components of Zhejiang folk houses are decorated with water, in order to remind residents to be careful of fire at all times. Fire prevention has become the basic common sense of life. The singer who sang Lotus Falls in Shaoxing reminded people of three major events in his opening remarks. The first one is "beware of fire".
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