The world's marvelous geography \customs and customs

Six of the most beautiful moments in South America

Beijing Youth Daily

Brazilian Carnival

This year, Argentina and Venezuela officially opened to the country's people to travel. So far, including Brazil, Chile, Uruguay, including nationals can travel to five countries in South America. The hottest Carnival, the most primitive Amazon rainforest, the most magnificent Iguazu Falls, the most dynamic living glacier, the highest drop Angel Falls, the most mysterious Easter Island "Moai" stone statue ...... South America, the southern tip of the earth's magnificent, primitive, wild continent, will eventually become a hot spot for people traveling around the country.

The hottest Brazilian Carnival

The Brazilian Carnival is held in mid- and late February each year, and the samba is the main theme of the carnival. The most famous is the Rio de Janeiro Carnival, which attracts nearly 100,000 spectators from around the world every year.

At Carnival, you can let go of your inhibitions and dance with the parade. In addition, "transvestism" is also a major feature of the carnival, men wearing extremely revealing women's clothing dancing hot, passionate dance, while women are wearing men's clothing, learning men's rugged ...... people forget themselves, release.

In Brazil's largest seaport city of Rio de Janeiro, the seaside is exceptionally charming, which is a vacation paradise for European and American travelers. The most famous is the 8-kilometer-long Copacabana Beach, which has dozens of small bars with different styles. Whether sitting in the bar and sipping a glass of wine or lying on the soft beach and sunbathing, it will be a kind of enjoyment.

Amazon Rainforest

The most pristine Amazon rainforest

The Amazon rainforest is the world's largest surviving tropical rainforest, covering nearly half of Brazil's territory, and the tropical jungle contains many unanswered questions that have attracted many expeditions.

Here, the rainforest, the grass and trees, the large forest mangroves that remain in flooded condition, and a variety of forest animals that are either hostile or curious, make you feel like turning back the clock when you are in the middle of it.

The Amazon rainforest, once the land of Indian life, is said to have more than 1,000 species of trees per square kilometer, as well as tens of thousands of species of wildlife, both known and unknown, and more than 3,000 species of fish, including the big-name piranha.

The Negro River is the largest tributary of the Amazon, and about 62 kilometers down the Negro is a beautiful spectacle where the black waters of the Negro meet the yellow waters of the Solim?es. Suo River river water is yellow, the river water for the espresso color, due to the specific gravity and flow rate of different rivers in the confluence of tens of kilometers of the river black and yellow, "well water does not offend the river water", amazing.

●Tips

1, Brazil's security is not very good, we must pay attention to safety at all times, be sure to carry valuables, the best night out to ask the local guide to lead or companion, do not act alone.

2, Brazilian Indians have a very interesting custom, if there are guests, the host will invite guests to jump into the river to take a bath, some day to wash on a dozen times. It is said that this is their most respectful courtesy to their guests.

Iguazu Falls

The most magnificent Iguazu Falls

Iguazu Falls is the world's widest waterfall, located in the lower reaches of the Iguazu River on the border between Brazil and Argentina. The waterfalls are located on both sides of the canyon that divides Argentina from Brazil, and the top of the canyon is the center of the falls, where the current is the strongest and most violent, known as the "Devil's Throat".

Brazil and Argentina have built national parks for the falls. In Argentina to see the waterfalls in two lines, one is in the upper reaches of the waterfalls look down, visitors can pass a 3,000-meter long winding bridge to reach the edge of the waterfalls, standing on the bridge, overlooking the Iguazu River into the Paraná River's spectacular scenery; one is in the lower reaches of the waterfalls to look up, from the bottom up to appreciate the waterfalls cascade of the landscape of the hundreds of forms. If you are brave enough, you can take a dinghy, to the "devil throat" near the spout, let the boat into the waterfall, play a thrill. In Brazil, it's easier to see the falls from a waterfall hotel overlooking Iguassu Falls, a 170,000-hectare national park.

In Argentina, it would be a shame not to visit the birthplace of the tango. In Puerto Boca, a neighborhood on the southern outskirts of Buenos Aires, there is a street called "Caminito," which is the birthplace of the tango. It is surrounded by everything related to tango: buildings painted in colorful colors, thousands of tango dance shapes, tango-themed sculptures and murals, and so on, let a person linger.

Moreno Glacier

The most dynamic Moreno Glacier

Located in the south of Argentina, Moreno Glacier is one of the few living glaciers in the world. Dozens of ice streams and ice blocks converge there, and every 20 minutes or so you can see the spectacle of "ice avalanches": a huge chunk of ice sinks into Lake Argentina, a deafening sound that takes people's breath away, but soon everything returns to calm.

Moreno glacier has 20-story high, stretches 30 kilometers, has a history of 200,000 years, in the glacier world is still a "young" family. At present, Moreno Glacier seems to be a huge "wall of ice" every day in 30 centimeters of speed forward, in its presence, seems to feel the breath of the ice age.

●Tips

1, go to Argentina, maté tea is as famous as tango, the local tea habit is very interesting: everyone sits together, the teapot inserted a straw, while sucking and chatting, if you refuse to drink maté tea that is not enough friends.

2, Moreno Glacier is best visited from November to February.

Easter Island

The most mysterious Easter Island

Easter Island is located in the South Pacific Ocean, belonging to the territory of Chile. With an area of only 117 square kilometers, it is the loneliest island on earth, inhabited by only a handful of indigenous people, and is located 3,800 kilometers to the east of mainland Chile and more than 2,200 kilometers to the west of the nearest island, Tahiti. Hiking to the mysterious Easter Island is a dream for many backpackers.

The island's more than 1,000 gigantic moai statues, usually weighing four or five tons, with the largest weighing more than 100 tons, are a popular attraction for travelers from all over the world. Most of the statues are carved in the same style, with long faces, long ears and bodies up to the hips, while the eyes of the statues are made of coral and dark-colored stones, and some have red hats made of rock on their heads.

Some of these huge stone statues are standing on the seashore, some are collapsed in the grass, taking people to that distant time. In addition to Easter Island, hiking or horseback riding in the Andes is also a good option. It takes less than an hour from Santiago to the foot of the Andes. There, rock climbing, skydiving, horseback riding, rafting, you will feel the endless charm of the southern hemisphere in winter.

●Tips

1, Chile has better law and order, and is a richer country in South America. The temperature difference between morning and evening is big, 10-15℃ during the day in winter, and around 0℃ in the evening.

2, Chile's best tourist season in November to March of the following year, is in the local summer, but the temperature will not be too high, but the ultraviolet rays are strong, especially to go to Easter Island, should pay more attention to sunscreen.

Angel Falls

The highest Angel Falls

Angel Falls is located in Canaima National Park in southeastern Venezuela, with a drop of 979 meters, making it the highest waterfall in the world. The waterfall is divided into two stages, first cascading 807 meters onto a rocky ledge, and then falling 172 meters into a large 152-meter wide pool at the foot of the mountain, where you can view the majesty of the falls from the air by helicopter.

And while you're at it, keep an eye out for the local beauties. Venezuela is known as the "Land of the Beautiful" and is a country that produces a lot of beautiful women. The annual beauty contest at the beginning of September is an important event in Venezuela, and at this time, people's enthusiasm for beauty contests is no less than the fans' fascination with the World Cup.

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This is the first time I have visited India. Name

The Italian name consists of a surname and a given name. When filling out official documents, in addition to the person's name, the father's name and sometimes the mother's name are added, in the order of the person's last name, the first name father's name, and finally the mother's name.

Clothing

Italy's clothing, food and housing is similar to neighboring France. Everyday clothing is mainly Western, but jackets, T-shirts and jeans have now become the national norm. Usually, people dress casually, but they pay attention to their attire when they go to work. Some hotels require you to wear a tie with your suit, and even in summer you are not allowed to wear a shirt, but you are not bound to wear national costume.

Diet

Italian food is characterized by mellow, fragrant, known as the original flavor, cooking skills comparable to France, and pasta in France on top of more than 400 varieties. Italians have a simple breakfast, and dinner is the main meal, which is usually served late.

Accommodation

Housing conditions for Italians are similar to those in France, except that rents are much lower. In general, northern Italians have better housing conditions than those in the south. Not many Italians own second homes.

Weddings

Italy is a strongly Catholic country, and it is Catholic tradition that weddings should take place in churches, but more and more people are now registering their marriages in town halls.

Funeral rites

Since the prevalence of Catholicism, Italians have been buried in the ground and there are cemeteries everywhere. Generally Italians die with a simple religious ceremony in a church, and then the coffin is placed in a prepared grave.

Diqing Shangri-La's geography

Diqing, Tibetan meaning "auspicious place", is located in northwestern Yunnan Province, the southern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, is located in Yunnan, Sichuan, Tibet, the three provinces (autonomous regions) at the junction of the longitude 90 ° 35' - 100 ° 19' East. --Between 90°35' - 100°19' East longitude and 26°52' - 29°16' North latitude, the eastern to northeastern part of the country is close to Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province and Ninglang Yi Autonomous County in Lijiang Region. It is bordered from east to northeast by Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province and Ninglang Yi Autonomous County in Lijiang Region, from south to southeast by Lijiang Naxi Autonomous County across the river, from west to southwest by Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, and from northwest by Tibet's Chamdo Region. It has a total area of 23,870 square kilometers, with three counties of Shangri-La, Deqin and Wisi Lisu Autonomous County under its jurisdiction and a total population of 334,000 people. Autonomous state capital is located in Shangri-La County, Jiantang Town, 706 kilometers from the provincial capital of Kunming.

Diqing, the only Tibetan autonomous prefecture in Yunnan Province, is one of the ten Tibetan autonomous prefectures in China. Diqing state territory is part of the southern extension of the Tibetan plateau, but also belongs to the southwestern hinterland of the Hengduan Mountains, the terrain is high in the north and low in the south, the territory of the three mountains hosting two rivers: namely, the Meili Snow Mountain range, the Yunling Snow Mountain range, the middle of the snow mountain range, between the Lancang River, the Jinsha River runs through the whole territory from north to south. There are 211 peaks above 4,000 meters above sea level in the territory. The average altitude of the state is 3380 meters, the altitude of more than 3,000 meters in the territory accounted for 53% of the total area of the state, is the highest elevation of the political region of Yunnan Province.

The terrain of the territory is a deep cut, the geomorphologic form is dominated by mountains, ancient plateaus and ridge peaks. Large disparity in height, the highest peak of the Meili Snow Mountain Kawagabo bee, 6740 meters above sea level, is the highest peak in Yunnan. The lowest valley elevation 1480 meters, the relative height difference of 5260 meters. State climate is temperate a cold temperate climate, the average annual temperature of 4.7 ° C a 16.5 ° C, the annual extreme maximum temperature of 25 ° 10 C, the lowest temperature of 27 ° 40 C. Strong solar radiation, wet and dry seasons, three-dimensional climate is obvious.

Special natural geographic environment has formed a wonderful natural landscape and rich resources in Diqing. The original ecological prominence, snow mountains, meadows, rivers and lakes interlaced distribution, a variety of resources intensive. Diqing is one of the most important resource-rich areas in Yunnan Province. It has six major resource advantages, such as forest, biology, water energy, animal husbandry, minerals and tourism. Diqing is one of the largest forest areas in Yunnan Province, with very rich and diverse forest resources. The state has 1.615 million hectares of forestry land, with a forest stock of 157 million cubic meters and a forest coverage rate of 36.4%.

The main species are spruce, red fir, fir, alpine pine, red bean cedar, Cephalotaxus, Yunnan pine, cypress, red tsubaki, Hongtong, Huashan pine, mountain seized, Jinshi, Dulcimer, corky oak, camphor, oleander, and a wide range of varieties of azalea and so on.

Diqing due to a mountain divided into four seasons, the different days of the three-dimensional climate is obvious, plants, animals, microorganisms and other biological resources are very rich. There are 2183 kinds of higher plants, including 960 kinds of medicinal plants. There are more than 60 kinds of wild animals under the protection of the national level and the second level, and there are rich fungus resources, amounting to 147 kinds.

The development of animal husbandry has a long history and broad prospects. The state has a grassland area of 9.13 million mu, accounting for 21.6% of the land area, of which 6.29 million mu of usable grassland, the first in the province, is the largest natural pasture in Yunnan. Livestock are mainly consumed cattle, yaks, yellow cattle, sheep and pigs.

Location: Diqing is located at the junction of Yunnan, Tibet and Sichuan provinces (regions), the middle and upper reaches of the Jinsha River and Lancang River, bordering Tibet's Chamdo region in the north, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan in the east, Lijiang region in the south, and Nujiang Prefecture in the west.

Area: the state has a land area of 2,380 square kilometers

Population: a total population of 340,000 people, 13 ethnic groups living in the world, more than 1,000 people of nine ethnic groups

Administrative divisions: jurisdiction over Zhongdian County, Deqin County, Wisi Lisu Autonomous County three counties, there are 29 townships. 182 village offices (offices).

Overview: Diqing is located in the Jinsha River, Lancang River, the Nujiang River three and the flow of the core of the national scenic area, the special geographic location and climatic conditions, so that the territory of the formation of complex geomorphological structure and plants and animals thrive in the multi-level natural landscape, giving rise to an extremely rich tourism resources. There are Baimeng Snow Mountain national nature conservation area, there are Haba Snow Mountain, Bita Sea, Napa Sea three provincial nature conservation area, there are the Jinsha River, Lancang River and the wonders of the Lancang River, there are deep, narrow, steep, dangerous, beautiful and famous Lancang River Canyon, Tiger Leaping Gorge and Shangri-La Canyon, and so far no one has climbed to the top of the "Virgin Peak," Meili Snow Mountain, Kagbo Peak (locally known as the Prince Snow Mountain), and so far no one has climbed to the top of the "Virgin Peak" Meili Snow Mountain. The local people call it Prince Snow Mountain), there is a low latitude and low altitude (2700 meters) of the modern glacier Mingyongcha, there is the immortal legacy of the field known as the White Water Terrace, there are Songzanlin Monastery, Dongzhulin Monastery, Dharma Ancestor's Cave, and many other Tibetan Buddhist cultural attractions. The ethnic groups in the state live in harmony, with their own religious beliefs, ethnic customs and culture. The Tibetan Lunar May Horse Race, the Gedong Festival of the Tibetan calendar year, the Chao Baishui of the Naxi on the eighth day of February, the Torch Festival of the Yi, and the Cuoshi Festival of the Lisu have become the traditional festivals of the region. These magnificent snow-capped mountains and glaciers, the wonders of the river canyon, the fascinating scenery of the plateau lakes, colorful snow-capped meadows, a rich diversity of rare plants and animals, God's mysterious deep religious culture, the beauty of the songs and dances of the festivals, the styles of the tourist attractions into one. The original and beautiful natural scenery and unique human style, is more than half a century people in the search for British writer James Hilton "lost horizon" in the paradise "Shangri-La" prototype.

Landscape: Diqing's natural geographic features to be summarized as "three mountain gorges, two rivers and a dam". "Three mountains" that is, the Nu Mountain Range, Yunling Mountain Range, Gong Ga Mountain Range, running north-south, parallel and side by side, Meili Snow Mountain, Baimeng Snow Mountain, Haba Snow Mountain three mountains standing on top of the peaks. "Two rivers", namely, Jinsha River, Lancang River, in the Diqing territory process for 430 kilometers and 320 kilometers, respectively, the watershed area of 70% of the state land area and 30%. "A dam", that is, the size of the Zhongdian dam, **** there are more than 400,000 acres.

South Asian subcontinent, the Indian Peninsula is located north of the equator, south of the Tropic of Cancer, is a tropical monsoon climate zone and tropical forest climate zone. Here year-round high temperatures, abundant rainfall, the northern region of the river intertwined, irrigating the vast fertile land. Here, a variety of tropical plants grow in abundance, flowers and fruits flourish, and most of the area is suitable for the growth of cereals. Good natural conditions for farming ensured a stable source of food and clothing for the people, and the Indus Valley civilization emerged on this basis. In the first half of the 30th century B.C., the inhabitants of this area created the early civilization of the South Asian subcontinent, which was not inferior to the Sumerian and ancient Egyptian civilizations. Archaeological materials show that the rich variety of crops here, or the world's earliest cotton-producing areas; urban construction neat and tidy, the level is quite high; handicrafts is even more amazing, a variety of ceramic products, stone seals, carvings, bronze production, gold and silver bracelets, jewelry, etc. can be said to be beautiful. Involved in the Indus Valley archaeological excavations of the British Sir Marshall said: "These things from the prehistoric 5,000 years ago in the house, it can be said that with today's London's first street jewelry store in the sale of similar." [1]

Because of the hot and humid climate here, food is easy to rot, so the residents of ancient India basically anytime to get, timely consumption, do not pay attention to savings, the rich and poor in a fairly long time is not very obvious. In the Vedic era, most of the Aryans were homesteaders who owned their own land, and "we are sure that there were no landlords, no paupers, no millionaires, and no abject poverty." [2] Until the Middle Ages, European scholars traveled to India and exclaimed, "India is a country of abundance where there is never any scarcity." [3] Of course, the division between the rich and the poor has existed objectively since the middle and late Vedic times, but the peasant farmers living in rural communes have always been the main force of agricultural production in ancient India. According to the Greek Megasthenes, who was stationed in the capital of the Peacock dynasty in the third century B.C., "The peasants are the most numerous class in India. They did not use weapons, they did not fight, they just cultivated the land. They paid taxes to the king or to the autonomous cities." [4] Together with the slaves, they undertook the basic labor of society, thus contributing to the continuous development of ancient Indian civilization.

Excellent ecological environment, so that the Indian civilization precocious, become one of the four ancient civilizations in the ancient East, and created a unique culture.