The Development Trend of Agriculture in China

China is a big agricultural country in the world, but also a relatively backward country in agriculture. In recent years, the lag of agricultural development in China has also attracted the active attention of the state, giving more support to farmers in terms of policies, funds and technology. However, a series of recent unfavorable news about some agriculture can't help but make people seriously think about where the agricultural problems in China are and where the way out is. I also made some thoughts on this issue, and finally summarized the following personal views.

First, the problems faced by agriculture in China

First of all, from the perspective of agricultural business model

At present, most parts of our country are still intensive small-scale peasant management mode, especially in some underdeveloped areas. This is a policy formulated by China in the last century, which has continued to this day. It is undeniable that this policy has played a great role in promoting the development of agriculture for a long time after it was formulated. However, with the in-depth development of market economy, especially after China's entry into WTO, this model is increasingly unable to adapt to the fierce market competition because of its lack of flexibility and inefficiency, and its operation becomes difficult.

The characteristic of market economy is that the price is influenced by the law of value. This requires that the management strategy of agriculture should be comprehensively considered, a reasonable production structure should be formulated, and the variety and quantity of production should be changed in time according to the changes of the market to withstand the ups and downs of the market. Under the management mode of small-scale peasant economy, operators often only pay attention to immediate interests and decide what to produce according to the current market situation. The products are very single and the structure is very unreasonable. In this way, the income may be obvious in the short term, but due to blind mass production, the market of this product will soon become full and the price will drop rapidly. After failing to get good returns, operators can only invest a lot of money to operate new products popular in the market at present and embark on the road of chasing again. > lose-> the strange circle of switching camps (in fact, switching camps may not necessarily get good returns, because the production cycle of agriculture is usually long, and when there is product output after switching camps, it may be a completely different market). This has seriously affected the market competitiveness of domestic agriculture, and will also affect the enthusiasm of producers in the long run. This year's harvest of litchi in Guangdong is going to be sold cheaply, and a large number of winter melons are unsalable, which is largely caused by this phenomenon.

Secondly, from the production process.

At present, most of China's agricultural production is still in an extensive and low-level stage, and the investment in science and technology is very limited, which leads to the following embarrassing situation for China's agriculture.

First of all, the output of agricultural products is unstable, and operators depend on the weather to eat. The output of agricultural products is greatly affected by the weather and climate, but at present, the skills of operators are not enough to avoid disadvantages and achieve stable production. It is often a year when the weather is good and the yield is good and the income is high, but it is not. As mentioned above, the operators have a bumper harvest in the New Year, but the supply exceeds demand, and the price can't go up. The early harvest was not good, so after a hard year, after removing a lot of investment such as fertilizers and pesticides, there was not much money that could eventually fall into the pockets of operators.

Secondly, low productivity, poor product quality and weak market competitiveness. At present, the degree of mechanization and automation of agricultural production in many parts of China is still very low, especially in some western regions, and the productivity is naturally difficult to compare with that of developed agricultural countries. The problem brought by low productivity is that it is difficult to form economies of scale. In addition, due to the rough production process and excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, the quality of our agricultural products cannot be guaranteed, which can be seen from the frequency of reports that agricultural products and pesticides exceed the standard. Under the premise of market economy, the cost performance of a product largely determines the market share of the product. According to the survey, the high-quality fruits in China only account for about 40% of the total output, and the products that can meet the standard of gift fruits only account for about 5% of the total output, and a large number of them are middle and lower fruits, especially with poor appearance. According to the survey, the average CIF price of imported apples is about 3.90 yuan/kg, citrus is 4.00 yuan/kg, and banana is 1.90 yuan/kg, which is equivalent to the wholesale price level of similar fruits in China, but the overall quality is obviously higher. The price is similar, but the quality is not as good as others. In order to survive, our products must be sold at lower prices. In fact, the retail price of imported fruits on the market at present is twice or even higher than that of similar fruits in China.

Finally, the technical problems of agricultural products storage and preservation. This has affected the development of our product market, and it is difficult to make a new breakthrough in sales.

Finally, from the marketing strategy.

Traditional agricultural producers often pay attention to a large number of blind production, but do not participate in the sales problem after production is completed, resulting in the disconnection between production and sales. In this way, producers can't grasp the market information in time and formulate corresponding marketing strategies according to the subtle changes of the market. Sometimes the unsalable products are not because of the imbalance between supply and demand, but because of the marketing strategy.

What traditional operators ignore is the establishment of brand image. A good brand image is a huge intangible asset and a good guarantee for sales. However, it is still difficult to find a local brand of agricultural products that is very popular with consumers and has a certain position in their minds. Even if there is, it is likely that the product quality is not well controlled in the production process, which leads to the decline of the brand image and the smashing of its own signboard.

Another problem is that most of the transactions in China's agricultural products market are primary products, without paying attention to the further exploration of product value-lack of deep processing of products. The deep processing of products can not only increase the added value of products, but also increase the diversity of products, broaden the market and improve the competitiveness and adaptability of the market.

Secondly, my suggestion.

To sum up, China faces many problems. There is still a long way to go to realize agricultural modernization. I think the most important and effective way to accelerate the pace of agricultural development is to actively build township enterprises and encourage the development of agricultural products processing industry. On the one hand, it can introduce a positive market competition mechanism for China's agricultural production, increase the sales volume and market competitiveness of agricultural products, on the other hand, it can absorb a large number of rural surplus labor force and promote the reform and progress of agricultural business model.

In addition, the government will increase technical support for agriculture (including increasing the supply of cheap production machines, excellent varieties and other means of production, sending senior technical instructors and offering training courses, etc.). ) and formulate preferential policies for agricultural production, sales and transportation, which will have a positive effect on agricultural progress.

What is the current situation of agricultural fertilization in China?

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According to the statistics of Soil and Fertilizer Technology Department of National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, China's cultivated land area accounts for about 9% of the world, and the average annual fertilizer consumption is about 50 million tons (equivalent to pure fertilizer), accounting for about 35% of the world's fertilizer consumption. The utilization efficiency of different regions is quite different, especially in the eastern coastal areas, which not only leads to the waste of fertilizer resources, but also brings serious hidden dangers of cultivated land pollution.

In recent years, with the support of the national policy of benefiting farmers, farmers' enthusiasm for growing grain has been greatly improved, and the demand for chemical fertilizers has maintained a rapid growth trend. Driven by strong market demand, the total output of chemical fertilizers in China has also increased year by year. Although China is a big producer of chemical fertilizers, it is also the largest consumer of chemical fertilizers in the world. In addition to the excessive output of nitrogen fertilizer, it is necessary to import a lot of phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer to make up for the shortage. Since 2005, under the objective condition that the increase of production cost leads to the increase of fertilizer price, the low utilization rate of excessive fertilization and fertilizer directly leads to the increase of fertilization cost per mu of land by more than ten yuan.

In a long period of time in the future, China will gradually improve the fertilizer utilization rate and land productivity by popularizing soil testing and formula fertilization technology, measuring and adjusting the nutrient composition of the land, improving the use structure of fertilizers, and popularizing the use of high-concentration compound special fertilizers.