Seeking information on the history of South Africa (the period of conflict between blacks and whites at the beginning of the 20th century)

Apartheid (Afrikaans: Apartheid) was a system of racial segregation practiced in South Africa between 1948 and 1990, and is an Afrikaans word derived from the Dutch word for segregation. This system separated whites from non-whites (including blacks, Indians, Malays, and other mixed-race groups) and provided discriminatory treatment in political and economic terms, and was legally enforced in 1948 until 1994, when it was abolished because of a long history of international criticism and trade sanctions against the South African state. The United Nations also recognized that "apartheid was a crime against humanity". Apartheid began with the Native Lands Act of 1913. It was reinforced by the ruling South African National Party (NP) due to its widespread use. There are 25 million blacks and about 900,000 Indians, but only about 4 million whites. According to the government of South Africa, "South Africa is a multiracial country with different traditions, cultures and customs, as well as differences in language. Allowing each race to develop in its own way is not apartheid, it is development in its own way." But with obvious white power in the political economy, the colored people became a source of cheap labor; most of the blacks among them worked on white-owned farms, but received only one-tenth of the white man's wages, and the wages usually did not provide for their families; and a number of blacks were unemployed. The legal classification of segregation was based on four categories: white, colored, Indian, and black. The Japanese and Chinese were considered to be on the same level as the whites. The Aboriginal Land Act and the "Homeland Policy" - a program that began in 1971 to move the majority black population to ten "countries" in the borderlands of South Africa*** and 13% of the country - and to grant them self-governance. "The goal was to make them independent; blacks in these "countries" lost their South African citizenship. However, the whites in these "countries" remained politically and economically superior. Moreover, the South African state fostered the independence of the four "states" of Venda, Hiskai, Kawasaki and Pobna from 1976 to 1981, but none of them were recognized internationally. Segregated Facilities Act - seating and use of public ****ing facilities were differentiated between whites and non-whites. Group area laws - restrictions on the use of ethnicity as a residence area; mixed race marriage prohibition laws - prohibiting marriage between a man and a woman of different races; and Other restrictions in the areas of health care, religion, employment, and so on. South Africa's apartheid policy not only triggered domestic backlash and protests, but also triggered international attacks and economic sanctions; after Dykstrak became president of South Africa in 1989, he released Mandela, who had been imprisoned for opposing the apartheid policy, and lifted martial law in 1990; in 1991, South Africa*** and the state repealed the Population Registry Act, the Aboriginal Land Act, and the Group Areas Act, and legally abolished the policy of apartheid. Apartheid was legally abolished in 1991 by repealing the Population Registration Act, the Native Lands Act and the Group Areas Act.